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From: Jared Lee Richardson <jaredr26@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Jun 2017 16:43:57 -0700
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Subject: Re: [bitcoin-dev] User Activated Soft Fork Split Protection
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> BIP148 however is a consensus change that can
> be rectified if it gets more work, this would act as an additional
> incentive for mine the BIP148 side since there would be no wipeout
> risk there.

This statement is misleading.  Wipeout risks don't apply to any consensus
changes; It is a consensus change, it can only be abandoned.  The BIP148
chain carries just as many risks of being abandoned or even more with
segwit2x on the table.  No miner would consider "wipeout risk" an advantage
when the real threat is chain abandonment.

> Higher transaction fees on a minority chain can compensate miners for
> a lower price which would likely be enough to get the BIP148 chain to
> a difficulty reduction.

Higher transaction fees suffers the same problem as exchange support does.
Without replay protection, it is very difficult for any average user to
force transactions onto one chain or the other.  Thus, without replay
protection, the UASF chain is unlikely to develop any viable fee market;
Its few miners 99% of the time will simply choose from the highest fees
that were already available to the other chain, which is basically no
advantage at all.

>  ETC replay protection was done after the fork on an as
> needed basis(there are multiple reliable techniques that can be used
> to split UTXO's), the same can happen with BIP148 and it is easier to
> do with Bitcoin than with the ETH/ETC split IMO.

ETC replay protection was added because they were already a hardfork and
without it they would not have had a viable chain.  BIP148 is not supposed
to be a hardfork, and if it added replay protection to remain viable it
would lose the frequently touted "wipeout advantage" as well as the ability
to call itself a softfork.  And are you seriously suggesting that what
happened with ETC and ETH is a desirable and good situation for Bitcoin,
and that UASF is ETC?

> A big reason BIP148 still has support is because up until SegWit
> actually activates there's no guarantee segwit2mb will actually have
> the necessary support to activate SegWit.

For a miners blowing through six million dollars a day in mining
operational costs, that's a pretty crappy reason.  Serious miners can't
afford to prop up a non-viable chain based on philosophy or maybes.  BIP148
is based entirely upon people who aren't putting anything on the line
trying to convince others to take the huge risks for them.  With
deceptively fallacious logic, in my opinion.

Even segwit2x is based on the assumption that all miners can reach
consensus.  Break that assumption and segwit2x will have the same problems
as UASF.

> This is largely an issue due to segwit2x's bundling, if the SW and HF
> part of segwit2x were unbundled then there would be no reason to delay
> BIP91 activation

They are bundled.  Segwit alone doesn't have the desired overwhelming
consensus, unless core wishes to fork 71% to 29%, and maybe not even that
high.  That's the technical reason, and they can't be unbundled without
breaking that consensus.

Jared


On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 4:11 PM, James Hilliard <james.hilliard1@gmail.com>
wrote:

> On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 5:53 PM, Jared Lee Richardson <jaredr26@gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >> There are 2 primary factors involved here, economic support and
> > hashpower either of which is enough to make a permanent chain split
> > unlikely, miners will mine whichever chain is most profitable(see
> > ETH/ETC hashpower profitability equilibrium for an example of how this
> > works in practice)
> >
> > That's not a comparable example.  ETC did not face potentially years of
> slow
> > blocktimes before it normalized, whereas BIP148 is on track to do exactly
> > that.  Moreover, ETC represented a fundamental break from the majority
> > consensus that could not be rectified, whereas BIP148 represents only a
> > minority attempt to accelerate something that an overwhelming majority of
> > miners have already agreed to activate under segwit2x.  Lastly ETC was
> > required to add replay protection, just like any minority fork proposed
> by
> > any crypto-currency has been, something that BIP148 both lacks and
> refuses
> > to add or even acknowledge the necessity of.  Without replay protection,
> ETC
> > could not have become profitable enough to be a viable minority chain.
> If
> > BIP148's chain is not the majority chain and it does not have replay
> > protection, it will face the same problems, but that required replay
> > protection will turn it into a hardfork.  This will be a very bad
> position
> > for UASF supporters to find themselves in - Either hardfork and hope the
> > price is higher and the majority converts, or die as the minority chain
> with
> > no reliable methods of economic conversion.
> Higher transaction fees on a minority chain can compensate miners for
> a lower price which would likely be enough to get the BIP148 chain to
> a difficulty reduction. BIP148 however is a consensus change that can
> be rectified if it gets more work, this would act as an additional
> incentive for mine the BIP148 side since there would be no wipeout
> risk there. ETC replay protection was done after the fork on an as
> needed basis(there are multiple reliable techniques that can be used
> to split UTXO's), the same can happen with BIP148 and it is easier to
> do with Bitcoin than with the ETH/ETC split IMO.
> >
> > I believe, but don't have data to back this, that most of the BIP148
> > insistence comes not from a legitimate attempt to gain consensus (or else
> > they would either outright oppose segwit2mb for its hardfork, or they
> would
> > outright support it), but rather from an attempt for BIP148 supporters to
> > save face for BIP148 being a failure.  If I'm correct, that's a terrible
> and
> > highly non-technical reason for segwit2mb to bend over backwards
> attempting
> > to support BIP148's attempt to save face.
> A big reason BIP148 still has support is because up until SegWit
> actually activates there's no guarantee segwit2mb will actually have
> the necessary support to activate SegWit.
> >
> >> The main issue is just one of activation timelines, BIP91 as
> > is takes too long to activate unless started ahead of the existing
> > segwit2x schedule and it's unlikely that BIP148 will get pushed back
> > any further.
> >
> > Even if I'm not correct on the above, I and others find it hard to accept
> > that this timeline conflict is segwit2x's fault.  Segwit2x has both some
> > flexibility and broad support that crosses contentious pro-segwit and
> > pro-blocksize-increase divisions that have existed for two years.
> BIP148 is
> > attempting to hold segwit2x's timelines and code hostage by claiming
> > inflexibility and claiming broad support, and not only are neither of
> those
> > assertions are backed by real data, BIP148 (by being so inflexible) is
> > pushing a position that deepens the divides between those groups.  For
> there
> > to be technical reasons for compatibility (so long as there are
> tradeoffs,
> > which there are), there needs to be hard data showing that BIP148 is a
> > viable minority fork that won't simply die off on its own.
> This is largely an issue due to segwit2x's bundling, if the SW and HF
> part of segwit2x were unbundled then there would be no reason to delay
> BIP91 activation, this is especially a problem since it takes a good
> deal of time to properly code and test a HF. Unfortunately segwit2x
> has been quite inflexible in regards to the bundling aspect even
> though there are clearly no technical reasons for it to be there.
> >
> > Jared
> >
> >
> > On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 3:23 PM, James Hilliard <
> james.hilliard1@gmail.com>
> > wrote:
> >>
> >> On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 4:50 PM, Jared Lee Richardson <
> jaredr26@gmail.com>
> >> wrote:
> >> > Could this risk mitigation measure be an optional flag?  And if so,
> >> > could it+BIP91 signal on a different bit than bit4?
> >> It's fairly trivial for miners to signal for BIP91 on bit4 or a
> >> different bit at the same time as the code is trivial enough to
> >> combine
> >> >
> >> > The reason being, if for some reason the segwit2x activation cannot
> >> > take place in time, it would be preferable for miners to have a more
> >> > standard approach to activation that requires stronger consensus and
> >> > may be more forgiving than BIP148.  If the segwit2x activation is on
> >> > time to cooperate with BIP148, it could be signaled through the
> >> > non-bit4 approach and everything could go smoothly.  Thoughts on that
> >> > idea?  It may add more complexity and more developer time, but may
> >> > also address your concerns among others.
> >> This does give miners another approach to activate segwit ahead of
> >> BIP148, if segwit2x activation is rolled out and activated immediately
> >> then this would not be needed however based on the timeline here
> >> https://segwit2x.github.io/ it would not be possible for BIP91 to
> >> enforce mandatory signalling ahead of BIP148. Maybe that can be
> >> changed though, I've suggested an immediate rollout with a placeholder
> >> client timeout instead of the HF code initially in order to accelerate
> >> that.
> >> >
> >> >> Since this BIP
> >> >> only activates with a clear miner majority it should not increase the
> >> >> risk of an extended chain split.
> >> >
> >> > The concern I'm raising is more about the psychology of giving BIP148
> >> > a sense of safety that may not be valid.  Without several more steps,
> >> > BIP148 is definitely on track to be a risky chainsplit, and without
> >> > segwit2x it will almost certainly be a small minority chain. (Unless
> >> > the segwit2x compromise falls apart before then, and even in that case
> >> > it is likely to be a minority chain)
> >> There are 2 primary factors involved here, economic support and
> >> hashpower either of which is enough to make a permanent chain split
> >> unlikely, miners will mine whichever chain is most profitable(see
> >> ETH/ETC hashpower profitability equilibrium for an example of how this
> >> works in practice) however there may be lag time immediately after the
> >> split if there is an economic majority but not a hashpower majority
> >> initially. This is risk mitigation that only requires miners support
> >> however. The main issue is just one of activation timelines, BIP91 as
> >> is takes too long to activate unless started ahead of the existing
> >> segwit2x schedule and it's unlikely that BIP148 will get pushed back
> >> any further.
> >> >
> >> > Jared
> >> >
> >> >
> >> > On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 2:42 PM, James Hilliard
> >> > <james.hilliard1@gmail.com> wrote:
> >> >> I don't really see how this would increase the likelihood of an
> >> >> extended chain split assuming BIP148 is going to have
> >> >> non-insignificant economic backing. This BIP is designed to provide a
> >> >> risk mitigation measure that miners can safely deploy. Since this BIP
> >> >> only activates with a clear miner majority it should not increase the
> >> >> risk of an extended chain split. At this point it is not completely
> >> >> clear how much economic support there is for BIP148 but support
> >> >> certainly seems to be growing and we have nearly 2 months until
> BIP148
> >> >> activation. I intentionally used a shorter activation period here so
> >> >> that decisions by miners can be made close to the BIP148 activation
> >> >> date.
> >> >>
> >> >> On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 4:29 PM, Jared Lee Richardson
> >> >> <jaredr26@gmail.com> wrote:
> >> >>> I think this BIP represents a gamble, and the gamble may not be a
> good
> >> >>> one.  The gamble here is that if the segwit2x changes are rolled out
> >> >>> on time, and if the signatories accept the bit4 + bit1 signaling
> >> >>> proposals within BIP91, the launch will go smoother, as intended.
> But
> >> >>> conversely, if either the segwit2x signatories balk about the Bit1
> >> >>> signaling OR if the timelines for segwit2mb are missed even by a
> bit,
> >> >>> it may cause the BIP148 chainsplit to be worse than it would be
> >> >>> without.  Given the frequent concerns raised in multiple places
> about
> >> >>> the aggressiveness of the segwit2x timelines, including the
> >> >>> non-hardfork timelines, this does not seem like a great gamble to be
> >> >>> making.
> >> >>>
> >> >>> The reason I say it may make the chainsplit be worse than it would
> >> >>> otherwise be is that it may provide a false sense of safety for
> BIP148
> >> >>> that currently does not currently exist(and should not, as it is a
> >> >>> chainsplit).  That sense of safety would only be legitimate if the
> >> >>> segwit2x signatories were on board, and the segwit2x code
> effectively
> >> >>> enforced BIP148 simultaneously, neither of which are guaranteed.  If
> >> >>> users and more miners had a false sense that BIP148 was *not* going
> to
> >> >>> chainsplit from default / segwit2x, they might not follow the news
> if
> >> >>> suddenly the segwit2x plan were delayed for a few days.  While any
> >> >>> additional support would definitely be cheered on by BIP148
> >> >>> supporters, the practical reality might be that this proposal would
> >> >>> take BIP148 from the "unlikely to have any viable chain after flag
> day
> >> >>> without segwit2x" category into the "small but viable minority
> chain"
> >> >>> category, and even worse, it might strengthen the chainsplit just
> days
> >> >>> before segwit is activated on BOTH chains, putting the BIP148
> >> >>> supporters on the wrong pro-segwit, but still-viable chain.
> >> >>>
> >> >>> If Core had taken a strong stance to include BIP148 into the client,
> >> >>> and if BIP148 support were much much broader, I would feel
> differently
> >> >>> as the gamble would be more likely to discourage a chainsplit (By
> >> >>> forcing the acceleration of segwit2x) rather than encourage it (by
> >> >>> strengthening an extreme minority chainsplit that may wind up on the
> >> >>> wrong side of two segwit-activated chains).  As it stands now, this
> >> >>> seems like a very dangerous attempt to compromise with a small but
> >> >>> vocal group that are the ones creating the threat to begin with.
> >> >>>
> >> >>> Jared
> >> >>>
> >> >>> On Tue, Jun 6, 2017 at 5:56 PM, James Hilliard via bitcoin-dev
> >> >>> <bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
> >> >>>> Due to the proposed calendar(https://segwit2x.github.io/) for the
> >> >>>> SegWit2x agreement being too slow to activate SegWit mandatory
> >> >>>> signalling ahead of BIP148 using BIP91 I would like to propose
> >> >>>> another
> >> >>>> option that miners can use to prevent a chain split ahead of the
> Aug
> >> >>>> 1st BIP148 activation date.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> The splitprotection soft fork is essentially BIP91 but using BIP8
> >> >>>> instead of BIP9 with a lower activation threshold and immediate
> >> >>>> mandatory signalling lock-in. This allows for a majority of miners
> to
> >> >>>> activate mandatory SegWit signalling and prevent a potential chain
> >> >>>> split ahead of BIP148 activation.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> This BIP allows for miners to respond to market forces quickly
> ahead
> >> >>>> of BIP148 activation by signalling for splitprotection. Any miners
> >> >>>> already running BIP148 should be encouraged to use splitprotection.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> <pre>
> >> >>>>   BIP: splitprotection
> >> >>>>   Layer: Consensus (soft fork)
> >> >>>>   Title: User Activated Soft Fork Split Protection
> >> >>>>   Author: James Hilliard <james.hilliard1@gmail.com>
> >> >>>>   Comments-Summary: No comments yet.
> >> >>>>   Comments-URI:
> >> >>>>   Status: Draft
> >> >>>>   Type: Standards Track
> >> >>>>   Created: 2017-05-22
> >> >>>>   License: BSD-3-Clause
> >> >>>>            CC0-1.0
> >> >>>> </pre>
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> ==Abstract==
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> This document specifies a coordination mechanism for a simple
> >> >>>> majority
> >> >>>> of miners to prevent a chain split ahead of BIP148 activation.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> ==Definitions==
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> "existing segwit deployment" refer to the BIP9 "segwit" deployment
> >> >>>> using bit 1, between November 15th 2016 and November 15th 2017 to
> >> >>>> activate BIP141, BIP143 and BIP147.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> ==Motivation==
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> The biggest risk of BIP148 is an extended chain split, this BIP
> >> >>>> provides a way for a simple majority of miners to eliminate that
> >> >>>> risk.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> This BIP provides a way for a simple majority of miners to
> coordinate
> >> >>>> activation of the existing segwit deployment with less than 95%
> >> >>>> hashpower before BIP148 activation. Due to time constraints unless
> >> >>>> immediately deployed BIP91 will likely not be able to enforce
> >> >>>> mandatory signalling of segwit before the Aug 1st activation of
> >> >>>> BIP148. This BIP provides a method for rapid miner activation of
> >> >>>> SegWit mandatory signalling ahead of the BIP148 activation date.
> >> >>>> Since
> >> >>>> the primary goal of this BIP is to reduce the chance of an extended
> >> >>>> chain split as much as possible we activate using a simple miner
> >> >>>> majority of 65% over a 504 block interval rather than a higher
> >> >>>> percentage. This BIP also allows miners to signal their intention
> to
> >> >>>> run BIP148 in order to prevent a chain split.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> ==Specification==
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> While this BIP is active, all blocks must set the nVersion header
> top
> >> >>>> 3 bits to 001 together with bit field (1<<1) (according to the
> >> >>>> existing segwit deployment). Blocks that do not signal as required
> >> >>>> will be rejected.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> ==Deployment==
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> This BIP will be deployed by "version bits" with a 65%(this can be
> >> >>>> adjusted if desired) activation threshold BIP9 with the name
> >> >>>> "splitprotecion" and using bit 2.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> This BIP starts immediately and is a BIP8 style soft fork since
> >> >>>> mandatory signalling will start on midnight August 1st 2017 (epoch
> >> >>>> time 1501545600) regardless of whether or not this BIP has reached
> >> >>>> its
> >> >>>> own signalling threshold. This BIP will cease to be active when
> >> >>>> segwit
> >> >>>> is locked-in.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> === Reference implementation ===
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> <pre>
> >> >>>> // Check if Segregated Witness is Locked In
> >> >>>> bool IsWitnessLockedIn(const CBlockIndex* pindexPrev, const
> >> >>>> Consensus::Params& params)
> >> >>>> {
> >> >>>>     LOCK(cs_main);
> >> >>>>     return (VersionBitsState(pindexPrev, params,
> >> >>>> Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT, versionbitscache) ==
> >> >>>> THRESHOLD_LOCKED_IN);
> >> >>>> }
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> // SPLITPROTECTION mandatory segwit signalling.
> >> >>>> if ( VersionBitsState(pindex->pprev, chainparams.GetConsensus(),
> >> >>>> Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SPLITPROTECTION, versionbitscache) ==
> >> >>>> THRESHOLD_LOCKED_IN &&
> >> >>>>      !IsWitnessLockedIn(pindex->pprev,
> chainparams.GetConsensus()) &&
> >> >>>> // Segwit is not locked in
> >> >>>>      !IsWitnessEnabled(pindex->pprev, chainparams.GetConsensus())
> )
> >> >>>> //
> >> >>>> and is not active.
> >> >>>> {
> >> >>>>     bool fVersionBits = (pindex->nVersion & VERSIONBITS_TOP_MASK)
> ==
> >> >>>> VERSIONBITS_TOP_BITS;
> >> >>>>     bool fSegbit = (pindex->nVersion &
> >> >>>> VersionBitsMask(chainparams.GetConsensus(),
> >> >>>> Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT)) != 0;
> >> >>>>     if (!(fVersionBits && fSegbit)) {
> >> >>>>         return state.DoS(0, error("ConnectBlock(): relayed block
> must
> >> >>>> signal for segwit, please upgrade"), REJECT_INVALID,
> >> >>>> "bad-no-segwit");
> >> >>>>     }
> >> >>>> }
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> // BIP148 mandatory segwit signalling.
> >> >>>> int64_t nMedianTimePast = pindex->GetMedianTimePast();
> >> >>>> if ( (nMedianTimePast >= 1501545600) &&  // Tue 01 Aug 2017
> 00:00:00
> >> >>>> UTC
> >> >>>>      (nMedianTimePast <= 1510704000) &&  // Wed 15 Nov 2017
> 00:00:00
> >> >>>> UTC
> >> >>>>      (!IsWitnessLockedIn(pindex->pprev,
> chainparams.GetConsensus())
> >> >>>> &&
> >> >>>>  // Segwit is not locked in
> >> >>>>       !IsWitnessEnabled(pindex->pprev,
> chainparams.GetConsensus())) )
> >> >>>>  // and is not active.
> >> >>>> {
> >> >>>>     bool fVersionBits = (pindex->nVersion & VERSIONBITS_TOP_MASK)
> ==
> >> >>>> VERSIONBITS_TOP_BITS;
> >> >>>>     bool fSegbit = (pindex->nVersion &
> >> >>>> VersionBitsMask(chainparams.GetConsensus(),
> >> >>>> Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT)) != 0;
> >> >>>>     if (!(fVersionBits && fSegbit)) {
> >> >>>>         return state.DoS(0, error("ConnectBlock(): relayed block
> must
> >> >>>> signal for segwit, please upgrade"), REJECT_INVALID,
> >> >>>> "bad-no-segwit");
> >> >>>>     }
> >> >>>> }
> >> >>>> </pre>
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/compare/0.14...
> jameshilliard:splitprotection-v0.14.1
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> ==Backwards Compatibility==
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> This deployment is compatible with the existing "segwit" bit 1
> >> >>>> deployment scheduled between midnight November 15th, 2016 and
> >> >>>> midnight
> >> >>>> November 15th, 2017. This deployment is also compatible with the
> >> >>>> existing BIP148 deployment. This BIP is compatible with BIP91 only
> if
> >> >>>> BIP91 activates before it and before BIP148. Miners will need to
> >> >>>> upgrade their nodes to support splitprotection otherwise they may
> >> >>>> build on top of an invalid block. While this bip is active users
> >> >>>> should either upgrade to splitprotection or wait for additional
> >> >>>> confirmations when accepting payments.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> ==Rationale==
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> Historically we have used IsSuperMajority() to activate soft forks
> >> >>>> such as BIP66 which has a mandatory signalling requirement for
> miners
> >> >>>> once activated, this ensures that miners are aware of new rules
> being
> >> >>>> enforced. This technique can be leveraged to lower the signalling
> >> >>>> threshold of a soft fork while it is in the process of being
> deployed
> >> >>>> in a backwards compatible way. We also use a BIP8 style timeout to
> >> >>>> ensure that this BIP is compatible with BIP148 and that BIP148
> >> >>>> compatible mandatory signalling activates regardless of miner
> >> >>>> signalling levels.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> By orphaning non-signalling blocks during the BIP9 bit 1 "segwit"
> >> >>>> deployment, this BIP can cause the existing "segwit" deployment to
> >> >>>> activate without needing to release a new deployment. As we
> approach
> >> >>>> BIP148 activation it may be desirable for a majority of miners to
> >> >>>> have
> >> >>>> a method that will ensure that there is no chain split.
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> ==References==
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> *[https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/
> bitcoin-dev/2017-March/013714.html
> >> >>>> Mailing list discussion]
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> *[https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v0.6.0/src/main.
> cpp#L1281-L1283
> >> >>>> P2SH flag day activation]
> >> >>>> *[[bip-0009.mediawiki|BIP9 Version bits with timeout and delay]]
> >> >>>> *[[bip-0016.mediawiki|BIP16 Pay to Script Hash]]
> >> >>>> *[[bip-0091.mediawiki|BIP91 Reduced threshold Segwit MASF]]
> >> >>>> *[[bip-0141.mediawiki|BIP141 Segregated Witness (Consensus layer)]]
> >> >>>> *[[bip-0143.mediawiki|BIP143 Transaction Signature Verification for
> >> >>>> Version 0 Witness Program]]
> >> >>>> *[[bip-0147.mediawiki|BIP147 Dealing with dummy stack element
> >> >>>> malleability]]
> >> >>>> *[[bip-0148.mediawiki|BIP148 Mandatory activation of segwit
> >> >>>> deployment]]
> >> >>>> *[[bip-0149.mediawiki|BIP149 Segregated Witness (second
> deployment)]]
> >> >>>> *[https://bitcoincore.org/en/2016/01/26/segwit-benefits/ Segwit
> >> >>>> benefits]
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> ==Copyright==
> >> >>>>
> >> >>>> This document is dual licensed as BSD 3-clause, and Creative
> Commons
> >> >>>> CC0 1.0 Universal.
> >> >>>> _______________________________________________
> >> >>>> bitcoin-dev mailing list
> >> >>>> bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org
> >> >>>> https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev
> >
> >
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr">&gt;=C2=A0<span style=3D"font-size:12.8px">BIP148 however =
is a consensus change that can</span><br style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><span s=
tyle=3D"font-size:12.8px">&gt; be rectified if it gets more work, this woul=
d act as an additional</span><br style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.8px">&gt; incentive for mine the BIP148 side since there would=
 be no wipeout</span><br style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12.8px">&gt; risk there.=C2=A0<br><br>This statement is misleading.=C2=A0=
 Wipeout risks don&#39;t apply to any consensus changes; It is a consensus =
change, it can only be abandoned.=C2=A0 The BIP148 chain carries just as ma=
ny risks of being abandoned or even more with segwit2x on the table.=C2=A0 =
No miner would consider &quot;wipeout risk&quot; an advantage when the real=
 threat is chain abandonment.<br><br></span><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px=
">&gt;=C2=A0</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px">Higher transaction fees=
 on a minority chain can compensate miners for</span><br style=3D"font-size=
:12.8px"><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px">&gt; a lower price which would li=
kely be enough to get the BIP148 chain to</span><br style=3D"font-size:12.8=
px"><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px">&gt; a difficulty reduction.=C2=A0</sp=
an><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><br><br>Higher transaction fees suffers=
 the same problem as exchange support does.=C2=A0 Without replay protection=
, it is very difficult for any average user to force transactions onto one =
chain or the other.=C2=A0 Thus, without replay protection, the UASF chain i=
s unlikely to develop any viable fee market; Its few miners 99% of the time=
 will simply choose from the highest fees that were already available to th=
e other chain, which is basically no advantage at all.<br><br>&gt;=C2=A0</s=
pan><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px">=C2=A0ETC replay protection was done a=
fter the fork on an as</span><br style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.8px">&gt; needed basis(there are multiple reliable techniques =
that can be used</span><br style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:12.8px">&gt; to split UTXO&#39;s), the same can happen with BIP148 and =
it is easier to</span><br style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:12.8px">&gt; do with Bitcoin than with the ETH/ETC split IMO.</span><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><br><br>ETC replay protection was added becaus=
e they were already a hardfork and without it they would not have had a via=
ble chain.=C2=A0 BIP148 is not supposed to be a hardfork, and if it added r=
eplay protection to remain viable it would lose the frequently touted &quot=
;wipeout advantage&quot; as well as the ability to call itself a softfork.=
=C2=A0 And are you seriously suggesting that what happened with ETC and ETH=
 is a desirable and good situation for Bitcoin, and that UASF is ETC?<br><b=
r>&gt;=C2=A0</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px">A big reason BIP148 sti=
ll has support is because up until SegWit</span><br style=3D"font-size:12.8=
px"><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px">&gt; actually activates there&#39;s no=
 guarantee segwit2mb will actually have</span><br style=3D"font-size:12.8px=
"><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px">&gt; the necessary support to activate S=
egWit.<br></span><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><br>For a miners blowing =
through six million dollars a day in mining operational costs, that&#39;s a=
 pretty crappy reason.=C2=A0 Serious miners can&#39;t afford to prop up a n=
on-viable chain based on philosophy or maybes.=C2=A0 BIP148 is based entire=
ly upon people who aren&#39;t putting anything on the line trying to convin=
ce others to take the huge risks for them.=C2=A0 With deceptively fallaciou=
s logic, in my opinion.<br><br>Even segwit2x is based on the assumption tha=
t all miners can reach consensus.=C2=A0 Break that assumption and segwit2x =
will have the same problems as UASF.<br><br>&gt;=C2=A0</span><span style=3D=
"font-size:12.8px">This is largely an issue due to segwit2x&#39;s bundling,=
 if the SW and HF</span><br style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><span style=3D"font-=
size:12.8px">&gt; part of segwit2x were unbundled then there would be no re=
ason to delay</span><br style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><span style=3D"font-size=
:12.8px">&gt; BIP91 activation<br></span><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px"><=
br>They are bundled.=C2=A0 Segwit alone doesn&#39;t have the desired overwh=
elming consensus, unless core wishes to fork 71% to 29%, and maybe not even=
 that high.=C2=A0 That&#39;s the technical reason, and they can&#39;t be un=
bundled without breaking that consensus.</span><div><span style=3D"font-siz=
e:12.8px"><br></span></div><div><span style=3D"font-size:12.8px">Jared<br><=
br></span></div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_qu=
ote">On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 4:11 PM, James Hilliard <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<=
a href=3D"mailto:james.hilliard1@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">james.hilliar=
d1@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" sty=
le=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span =
class=3D"">On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 5:53 PM, Jared Lee Richardson &lt;<a href=
=3D"mailto:jaredr26@gmail.com">jaredr26@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; There are 2 primary factors involved here, economic support and<br=
>
&gt; hashpower either of which is enough to make a permanent chain split<br=
>
&gt; unlikely, miners will mine whichever chain is most profitable(see<br>
&gt; ETH/ETC hashpower profitability equilibrium for an example of how this=
<br>
&gt; works in practice)<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; That&#39;s not a comparable example.=C2=A0 ETC did not face potentiall=
y years of slow<br>
&gt; blocktimes before it normalized, whereas BIP148 is on track to do exac=
tly<br>
&gt; that.=C2=A0 Moreover, ETC represented a fundamental break from the maj=
ority<br>
&gt; consensus that could not be rectified, whereas BIP148 represents only =
a<br>
&gt; minority attempt to accelerate something that an overwhelming majority=
 of<br>
&gt; miners have already agreed to activate under segwit2x.=C2=A0 Lastly ET=
C was<br>
&gt; required to add replay protection, just like any minority fork propose=
d by<br>
&gt; any crypto-currency has been, something that BIP148 both lacks and ref=
uses<br>
&gt; to add or even acknowledge the necessity of.=C2=A0 Without replay prot=
ection, ETC<br>
&gt; could not have become profitable enough to be a viable minority chain.=
=C2=A0 If<br>
&gt; BIP148&#39;s chain is not the majority chain and it does not have repl=
ay<br>
&gt; protection, it will face the same problems, but that required replay<b=
r>
&gt; protection will turn it into a hardfork.=C2=A0 This will be a very bad=
 position<br>
&gt; for UASF supporters to find themselves in - Either hardfork and hope t=
he<br>
&gt; price is higher and the majority converts, or die as the minority chai=
n with<br>
&gt; no reliable methods of economic conversion.<br>
</span>Higher transaction fees on a minority chain can compensate miners fo=
r<br>
a lower price which would likely be enough to get the BIP148 chain to<br>
a difficulty reduction. BIP148 however is a consensus change that can<br>
be rectified if it gets more work, this would act as an additional<br>
incentive for mine the BIP148 side since there would be no wipeout<br>
risk there. ETC replay protection was done after the fork on an as<br>
needed basis(there are multiple reliable techniques that can be used<br>
to split UTXO&#39;s), the same can happen with BIP148 and it is easier to<b=
r>
do with Bitcoin than with the ETH/ETC split IMO.<br>
<span class=3D"">&gt;<br>
&gt; I believe, but don&#39;t have data to back this, that most of the BIP1=
48<br>
&gt; insistence comes not from a legitimate attempt to gain consensus (or e=
lse<br>
&gt; they would either outright oppose segwit2mb for its hardfork, or they =
would<br>
&gt; outright support it), but rather from an attempt for BIP148 supporters=
 to<br>
&gt; save face for BIP148 being a failure.=C2=A0 If I&#39;m correct, that&#=
39;s a terrible and<br>
&gt; highly non-technical reason for segwit2mb to bend over backwards attem=
pting<br>
&gt; to support BIP148&#39;s attempt to save face.<br>
</span>A big reason BIP148 still has support is because up until SegWit<br>
actually activates there&#39;s no guarantee segwit2mb will actually have<br=
>
the necessary support to activate SegWit.<br>
<span class=3D"">&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; The main issue is just one of activation timelines, BIP91 as<br>
&gt; is takes too long to activate unless started ahead of the existing<br>
&gt; segwit2x schedule and it&#39;s unlikely that BIP148 will get pushed ba=
ck<br>
&gt; any further.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Even if I&#39;m not correct on the above, I and others find it hard to=
 accept<br>
&gt; that this timeline conflict is segwit2x&#39;s fault.=C2=A0 Segwit2x ha=
s both some<br>
&gt; flexibility and broad support that crosses contentious pro-segwit and<=
br>
&gt; pro-blocksize-increase divisions that have existed for two years.=C2=
=A0 BIP148 is<br>
&gt; attempting to hold segwit2x&#39;s timelines and code hostage by claimi=
ng<br>
&gt; inflexibility and claiming broad support, and not only are neither of =
those<br>
&gt; assertions are backed by real data, BIP148 (by being so inflexible) is=
<br>
&gt; pushing a position that deepens the divides between those groups.=C2=
=A0 For there<br>
&gt; to be technical reasons for compatibility (so long as there are tradeo=
ffs,<br>
&gt; which there are), there needs to be hard data showing that BIP148 is a=
<br>
&gt; viable minority fork that won&#39;t simply die off on its own.<br>
</span>This is largely an issue due to segwit2x&#39;s bundling, if the SW a=
nd HF<br>
part of segwit2x were unbundled then there would be no reason to delay<br>
BIP91 activation, this is especially a problem since it takes a good<br>
deal of time to properly code and test a HF. Unfortunately segwit2x<br>
has been quite inflexible in regards to the bundling aspect even<br>
though there are clearly no technical reasons for it to be there.<br>
<div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5">&gt;<br>
&gt; Jared<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 3:23 PM, James Hilliard &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:j=
ames.hilliard1@gmail.com">james.hilliard1@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br>
&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 4:50 PM, Jared Lee Richardson &lt;<a href=
=3D"mailto:jaredr26@gmail.com">jaredr26@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Could this risk mitigation measure be an optional flag?=C2=A0=
 And if so,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; could it+BIP91 signal on a different bit than bit4?<br>
&gt;&gt; It&#39;s fairly trivial for miners to signal for BIP91 on bit4 or =
a<br>
&gt;&gt; different bit at the same time as the code is trivial enough to<br=
>
&gt;&gt; combine<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; The reason being, if for some reason the segwit2x activation =
cannot<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; take place in time, it would be preferable for miners to have=
 a more<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; standard approach to activation that requires stronger consen=
sus and<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; may be more forgiving than BIP148.=C2=A0 If the segwit2x acti=
vation is on<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; time to cooperate with BIP148, it could be signaled through t=
he<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; non-bit4 approach and everything could go smoothly.=C2=A0 Tho=
ughts on that<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; idea?=C2=A0 It may add more complexity and more developer tim=
e, but may<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; also address your concerns among others.<br>
&gt;&gt; This does give miners another approach to activate segwit ahead of=
<br>
&gt;&gt; BIP148, if segwit2x activation is rolled out and activated immedia=
tely<br>
&gt;&gt; then this would not be needed however based on the timeline here<b=
r>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://segwit2x.github.io/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=
=3D"_blank">https://segwit2x.github.io/</a> it would not be possible for BI=
P91 to<br>
&gt;&gt; enforce mandatory signalling ahead of BIP148. Maybe that can be<br=
>
&gt;&gt; changed though, I&#39;ve suggested an immediate rollout with a pla=
ceholder<br>
&gt;&gt; client timeout instead of the HF code initially in order to accele=
rate<br>
&gt;&gt; that.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Since this BIP<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; only activates with a clear miner majority it should not =
increase the<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; risk of an extended chain split.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; The concern I&#39;m raising is more about the psychology of g=
iving BIP148<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; a sense of safety that may not be valid.=C2=A0 Without severa=
l more steps,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; BIP148 is definitely on track to be a risky chainsplit, and w=
ithout<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; segwit2x it will almost certainly be a small minority chain. =
(Unless<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; the segwit2x compromise falls apart before then, and even in =
that case<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; it is likely to be a minority chain)<br>
&gt;&gt; There are 2 primary factors involved here, economic support and<br=
>
&gt;&gt; hashpower either of which is enough to make a permanent chain spli=
t<br>
&gt;&gt; unlikely, miners will mine whichever chain is most profitable(see<=
br>
&gt;&gt; ETH/ETC hashpower profitability equilibrium for an example of how =
this<br>
&gt;&gt; works in practice) however there may be lag time immediately after=
 the<br>
&gt;&gt; split if there is an economic majority but not a hashpower majorit=
y<br>
&gt;&gt; initially. This is risk mitigation that only requires miners suppo=
rt<br>
&gt;&gt; however. The main issue is just one of activation timelines, BIP91=
 as<br>
&gt;&gt; is takes too long to activate unless started ahead of the existing=
<br>
&gt;&gt; segwit2x schedule and it&#39;s unlikely that BIP148 will get pushe=
d back<br>
&gt;&gt; any further.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Jared<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 2:42 PM, James Hilliard<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:james.hilliard1@gmail.com">james.hillia=
rd1@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; I don&#39;t really see how this would increase the likeli=
hood of an<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; extended chain split assuming BIP148 is going to have<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; non-insignificant economic backing. This BIP is designed =
to provide a<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; risk mitigation measure that miners can safely deploy. Si=
nce this BIP<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; only activates with a clear miner majority it should not =
increase the<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; risk of an extended chain split. At this point it is not =
completely<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; clear how much economic support there is for BIP148 but s=
upport<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; certainly seems to be growing and we have nearly 2 months=
 until BIP148<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; activation. I intentionally used a shorter activation per=
iod here so<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; that decisions by miners can be made close to the BIP148 =
activation<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; date.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; On Wed, Jun 7, 2017 at 4:29 PM, Jared Lee Richardson<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:jaredr26@gmail.com">jaredr26@gmail.=
com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; I think this BIP represents a gamble, and the gamble =
may not be a good<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; one.=C2=A0 The gamble here is that if the segwit2x ch=
anges are rolled out<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; on time, and if the signatories accept the bit4 + bit=
1 signaling<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; proposals within BIP91, the launch will go smoother, =
as intended.=C2=A0 But<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; conversely, if either the segwit2x signatories balk a=
bout the Bit1<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; signaling OR if the timelines for segwit2mb are misse=
d even by a bit,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; it may cause the BIP148 chainsplit to be worse than i=
t would be<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; without.=C2=A0 Given the frequent concerns raised in =
multiple places about<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; the aggressiveness of the segwit2x timelines, includi=
ng the<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; non-hardfork timelines, this does not seem like a gre=
at gamble to be<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; making.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; The reason I say it may make the chainsplit be worse =
than it would<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; otherwise be is that it may provide a false sense of =
safety for BIP148<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; that currently does not currently exist(and should no=
t, as it is a<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; chainsplit).=C2=A0 That sense of safety would only be=
 legitimate if the<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; segwit2x signatories were on board, and the segwit2x =
code effectively<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; enforced BIP148 simultaneously, neither of which are =
guaranteed.=C2=A0 If<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; users and more miners had a false sense that BIP148 w=
as *not* going to<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; chainsplit from default / segwit2x, they might not fo=
llow the news if<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; suddenly the segwit2x plan were delayed for a few day=
s.=C2=A0 While any<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; additional support would definitely be cheered on by =
BIP148<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; supporters, the practical reality might be that this =
proposal would<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; take BIP148 from the &quot;unlikely to have any viabl=
e chain after flag day<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; without segwit2x&quot; category into the &quot;small =
but viable minority chain&quot;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; category, and even worse, it might strengthen the cha=
insplit just days<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; before segwit is activated on BOTH chains, putting th=
e BIP148<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; supporters on the wrong pro-segwit, but still-viable =
chain.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; If Core had taken a strong stance to include BIP148 i=
nto the client,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; and if BIP148 support were much much broader, I would=
 feel differently<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; as the gamble would be more likely to discourage a ch=
ainsplit (By<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; forcing the acceleration of segwit2x) rather than enc=
ourage it (by<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; strengthening an extreme minority chainsplit that may=
 wind up on the<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; wrong side of two segwit-activated chains).=C2=A0 As =
it stands now, this<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; seems like a very dangerous attempt to compromise wit=
h a small but<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; vocal group that are the ones creating the threat to =
begin with.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; Jared<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; On Tue, Jun 6, 2017 at 5:56 PM, James Hilliard via bi=
tcoin-dev<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundati=
on.org">bitcoin-dev@lists.<wbr>linuxfoundation.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Due to the proposed calendar(<a href=3D"https://s=
egwit2x.github.io/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://segwit2x.<=
wbr>github.io/</a>) for the<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; SegWit2x agreement being too slow to activate Seg=
Wit mandatory<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; signalling ahead of BIP148 using BIP91 I would li=
ke to propose<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; another<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; option that miners can use to prevent a chain spl=
it ahead of the Aug<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 1st BIP148 activation date.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; The splitprotection soft fork is essentially BIP9=
1 but using BIP8<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; instead of BIP9 with a lower activation threshold=
 and immediate<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; mandatory signalling lock-in. This allows for a m=
ajority of miners to<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; activate mandatory SegWit signalling and prevent =
a potential chain<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; split ahead of BIP148 activation.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; This BIP allows for miners to respond to market f=
orces quickly ahead<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; of BIP148 activation by signalling for splitprote=
ction. Any miners<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; already running BIP148 should be encouraged to us=
e splitprotection.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; &lt;pre&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0BIP: splitprotection<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0Layer: Consensus (soft fork)<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0Title: User Activated Soft Fork Split=
 Protection<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0Author: James Hilliard &lt;<a href=3D=
"mailto:james.hilliard1@gmail.com">james.hilliard1@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0Comments-Summary: No comments yet.<br=
>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0Comments-URI:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0Status: Draft<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0Type: Standards Track<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0Created: 2017-05-22<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0License: BSD-3-Clause<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 CC0-1.0<=
br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; &lt;/pre&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; =3D=3DAbstract=3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; This document specifies a coordination mechanism =
for a simple<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; majority<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; of miners to prevent a chain split ahead of BIP14=
8 activation.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; =3D=3DDefinitions=3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;existing segwit deployment&quot; refer to t=
he BIP9 &quot;segwit&quot; deployment<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; using bit 1, between November 15th 2016 and Novem=
ber 15th 2017 to<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; activate BIP141, BIP143 and BIP147.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; =3D=3DMotivation=3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; The biggest risk of BIP148 is an extended chain s=
plit, this BIP<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; provides a way for a simple majority of miners to=
 eliminate that<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; risk.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; This BIP provides a way for a simple majority of =
miners to coordinate<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; activation of the existing segwit deployment with=
 less than 95%<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; hashpower before BIP148 activation. Due to time c=
onstraints unless<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; immediately deployed BIP91 will likely not be abl=
e to enforce<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; mandatory signalling of segwit before the Aug 1st=
 activation of<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; BIP148. This BIP provides a method for rapid mine=
r activation of<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; SegWit mandatory signalling ahead of the BIP148 a=
ctivation date.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Since<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; the primary goal of this BIP is to reduce the cha=
nce of an extended<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; chain split as much as possible we activate using=
 a simple miner<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; majority of 65% over a 504 block interval rather =
than a higher<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; percentage. This BIP also allows miners to signal=
 their intention to<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; run BIP148 in order to prevent a chain split.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; =3D=3DSpecification=3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; While this BIP is active, all blocks must set the=
 nVersion header top<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 3 bits to 001 together with bit field (1&lt;&lt;1=
) (according to the<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; existing segwit deployment). Blocks that do not s=
ignal as required<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; will be rejected.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; =3D=3DDeployment=3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; This BIP will be deployed by &quot;version bits&q=
uot; with a 65%(this can be<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; adjusted if desired) activation threshold BIP9 wi=
th the name<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;splitprotecion&quot; and using bit 2.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; This BIP starts immediately and is a BIP8 style s=
oft fork since<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; mandatory signalling will start on midnight Augus=
t 1st 2017 (epoch<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; time 1501545600) regardless of whether or not thi=
s BIP has reached<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; its<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; own signalling threshold. This BIP will cease to =
be active when<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; segwit<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; is locked-in.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; =3D=3D=3D Reference implementation =3D=3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; &lt;pre&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; // Check if Segregated Witness is Locked In<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; bool IsWitnessLockedIn(const CBlockIndex* pindexP=
rev, const<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Consensus::Params&amp; params)<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; {<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0LOCK(cs_main);<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0return (VersionBitsState(pinde=
xPrev, params,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT, versionbitscache) =
=3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; THRESHOLD_LOCKED_IN);<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; }<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; // SPLITPROTECTION mandatory segwit signalling.<b=
r>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; if ( VersionBitsState(pindex-&gt;<wbr>pprev, chai=
nparams.GetConsensus(),<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_<wbr>SPLITPROTECTION, versi=
onbitscache) =3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; THRESHOLD_LOCKED_IN &amp;&amp;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 !IsWitnessLockedIn(pindex-&gt=
;<wbr>pprev, chainparams.GetConsensus()) &amp;&amp;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; // Segwit is not locked in<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 !IsWitnessEnabled(pindex-&gt;=
<wbr>pprev, chainparams.GetConsensus()) )<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; //<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; and is not active.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; {<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0bool fVersionBits =3D (pindex-=
&gt;nVersion &amp; VERSIONBITS_TOP_MASK) =3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; VERSIONBITS_TOP_BITS;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0bool fSegbit =3D (pindex-&gt;n=
Version &amp;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; VersionBitsMask(chainparams.<wbr>GetConsensus(),<=
br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT)) !=3D 0;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0if (!(fVersionBits &amp;&amp; =
fSegbit)) {<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0return state.DoS=
(0, error(&quot;ConnectBlock(): relayed block must<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; signal for segwit, please upgrade&quot;), REJECT_=
INVALID,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;bad-no-segwit&quot;);<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0}<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; }<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; // BIP148 mandatory segwit signalling.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; int64_t nMedianTimePast =3D pindex-&gt;GetMedianT=
imePast();<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; if ( (nMedianTimePast &gt;=3D 1501545600) &amp;&a=
mp;=C2=A0 // Tue 01 Aug 2017 00:00:00<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; UTC<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 (nMedianTimePast &lt;=3D 1510=
704000) &amp;&amp;=C2=A0 // Wed 15 Nov 2017 00:00:00<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; UTC<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 (!IsWitnessLockedIn(pindex-&g=
t;<wbr>pprev, chainparams.GetConsensus())<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; &amp;&amp;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 // Segwit is not locked in<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0!IsWitnessEnabled(pinde=
x-&gt;<wbr>pprev, chainparams.GetConsensus())) )<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 // and is not active.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; {<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0bool fVersionBits =3D (pindex-=
&gt;nVersion &amp; VERSIONBITS_TOP_MASK) =3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; VERSIONBITS_TOP_BITS;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0bool fSegbit =3D (pindex-&gt;n=
Version &amp;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; VersionBitsMask(chainparams.<wbr>GetConsensus(),<=
br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT)) !=3D 0;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0if (!(fVersionBits &amp;&amp; =
fSegbit)) {<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0return state.DoS=
(0, error(&quot;ConnectBlock(): relayed block must<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; signal for segwit, please upgrade&quot;), REJECT_=
INVALID,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;bad-no-segwit&quot;);<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0}<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; }<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; &lt;/pre&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/com=
pare/0.14...jameshilliard:splitprotection-v0.14.1" rel=3D"noreferrer" targe=
t=3D"_blank">https://github.com/bitcoin/<wbr>bitcoin/compare/0.14...<wbr>ja=
meshilliard:splitprotection-<wbr>v0.14.1</a><br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; =3D=3DBackwards Compatibility=3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; This deployment is compatible with the existing &=
quot;segwit&quot; bit 1<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; deployment scheduled between midnight November 15=
th, 2016 and<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; midnight<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; November 15th, 2017. This deployment is also comp=
atible with the<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; existing BIP148 deployment. This BIP is compatibl=
e with BIP91 only if<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; BIP91 activates before it and before BIP148. Mine=
rs will need to<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; upgrade their nodes to support splitprotection ot=
herwise they may<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; build on top of an invalid block. While this bip =
is active users<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; should either upgrade to splitprotection or wait =
for additional<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; confirmations when accepting payments.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; =3D=3DRationale=3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Historically we have used IsSuperMajority() to ac=
tivate soft forks<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; such as BIP66 which has a mandatory signalling re=
quirement for miners<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; once activated, this ensures that miners are awar=
e of new rules being<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; enforced. This technique can be leveraged to lowe=
r the signalling<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; threshold of a soft fork while it is in the proce=
ss of being deployed<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; in a backwards compatible way. We also use a BIP8=
 style timeout to<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; ensure that this BIP is compatible with BIP148 an=
d that BIP148<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; compatible mandatory signalling activates regardl=
ess of miner<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; signalling levels.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; By orphaning non-signalling blocks during the BIP=
9 bit 1 &quot;segwit&quot;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; deployment, this BIP can cause the existing &quot=
;segwit&quot; deployment to<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; activate without needing to release a new deploym=
ent. As we approach<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; BIP148 activation it may be desirable for a major=
ity of miners to<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; have<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; a method that will ensure that there is no chain =
split.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; =3D=3DReferences=3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; *[<a href=3D"https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pi=
permail/bitcoin-dev/2017-March/013714.html" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_b=
lank">https://lists.<wbr>linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/<wbr>bitcoin-dev/201=
7-March/013714.<wbr>html</a><br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Mailing list discussion]<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; *[<a href=3D"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/b=
lob/v0.6.0/src/main.cpp#L1281-L1283" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">h=
ttps://github.com/bitcoin/<wbr>bitcoin/blob/v0.6.0/src/main.<wbr>cpp#L1281-=
L1283</a><br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; P2SH flag day activation]<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; *[[bip-0009.mediawiki|BIP9 Version bits with time=
out and delay]]<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; *[[bip-0016.mediawiki|BIP16 Pay to Script Hash]]<=
br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; *[[bip-0091.mediawiki|BIP91 Reduced threshold Seg=
wit MASF]]<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; *[[bip-0141.mediawiki|BIP141 Segregated Witness (=
Consensus layer)]]<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; *[[bip-0143.mediawiki|BIP143 Transaction Signatur=
e Verification for<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Version 0 Witness Program]]<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; *[[bip-0147.mediawiki|BIP147 Dealing with dummy s=
tack element<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; malleability]]<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; *[[bip-0148.mediawiki|BIP148 Mandatory activation=
 of segwit<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; deployment]]<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; *[[bip-0149.mediawiki|BIP149 Segregated Witness (=
second deployment)]]<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; *[<a href=3D"https://bitcoincore.org/en/2016/01/2=
6/segwit-benefits/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://bitcoincor=
e.org/en/<wbr>2016/01/26/segwit-benefits/</a> Segwit<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; benefits]<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; =3D=3DCopyright=3D=3D<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; This document is dual licensed as BSD 3-clause, a=
nd Creative Commons<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; CC0 1.0 Universal.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; ______________________________<wbr>______________=
___<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; bitcoin-dev mailing list<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"mailto:bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundati=
on.org">bitcoin-dev@lists.<wbr>linuxfoundation.org</a><br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mail=
man/listinfo/bitcoin-dev" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://list=
s.linuxfoundation.<wbr>org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-<wbr>dev</a><br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>

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