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To: Keagan McClelland <keagan.mcclelland@gmail.com>
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Cc: Bitcoin Protocol Discussion <bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org>
Subject: Re: [bitcoin-dev] Formosa --- proposed improvement upon BIP39
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Good day, Keagan and all!
It's my deepest pleasure to announce the=C2=A0publication at Toptal's Tech=
nology Blog of an article on Formosa. There you will find a concise explan=
ation on how it works. Since the system is, in fact, very simple --- and a=
 special word of thank-you is due to Toptal's editing team and their extra=
ordinary power of synthesis --- any IT professional can completely underst=
and it in less than the indicated 10 minutes.

I avail to continue to make the case for it in the dissertative paragraph =
below. It is presented as an indented list to make references easier:


1.  Formosa uses simple, fixed grammatical structure of sentences; allowin=
g for...

1.  easy implementation;
2.  customized themes;
3.  keeping legacy BIP39 properties; like=C2=A0

1.  checksum bits;
2.  =C2=A0uniformly high entropy density of entropy density; which allows =
for=C2=A0
3.  efficient auto-complete; and, therefore,=C2=A0
4.  resistance to side-channel attacks. Speaking of which,=C2=A0

5.  Resistance to side-channel attack can be even further improved with an=
 interface that destroys any connection between what is typed and the resu=
lting seed. Notice (and a fully functioning prototype of it is already in =
place) that such an interface relieves the requirement for first two lette=
r uniqueness in sublists of possible terms, which further increases the av=
erage quality of sentences.

3.  Bitcoin already is lost at a higher rate than it is mined.=C2=A0Consid=
er the level of emotional pain of a non-technical individual who finally u=
nderstands and adopts the premises of Bitcoin, and then puts up the work o=
f going self-custodial, only to, some time later, undergo the=C2=A0Tantali=
an penalty=C2=A0of losing their patrimony, while knowing that it can still=
 be traced in the Blockchain and can still=C2=A0hypothetically=C2=A0be rec=
overed if, as, for example, in the case KBA, they relived the faded anxiet=
y-arising memory of the seed word list 'just one more time'. Don't you agr=
ee that chances are this individual won't want to have Bitcoin ever again?



Some will, then, point out that KBA let's the tenant more vulnerable to wr=
ench attack, and that is right. I'll then avail to mention that to the day=
, we lack defenses to coercion that don't violate Kerckhoff's principle by=
 critically relying on obscurity. The only reason this is not yet a critic=
al issue is we take for granted 3 passive defenses to coercion (also relyi=
ng on obscurity):

1.  Obscurity per se: the 5-dollar wrench attacker has to know the basics =
of BTC before trying to rob it from someone;
2.  Anonymity: even an coercing adversary who does know how to use BTC has=
 to spot a potential victim among a crowd of non-users;
3.  Plausible deniability: even when passing 1 and 2, a coercing adversary=
 may be fooled by a credible denial by their victim;

By definition, those defenses tend to disappear with diffusion of knowledg=
e, and impose a conflict of interest in our community and each BTC holder =
individually: collaborating for spread of adoption of BTC makes it use und=
er self-custody less viable due to being more vulnerable to coercion.

My take on this is we should build a solution for coercion-resistance that=
 is not reliant on obscurity. Also, assuming such solution is effective, i=
t should have KBA as basis since threat of destruction of PBA hardware is =
a leverage that can be used by a coercing adversary.

Yuri S Villas Boas
------- Original Message -------
On Saturday, May 20th, 2023 at 1:08 AM, yurisvb@pm.me <yurisvb@pm.me> wrot=
e:


> Good day, Keagan and all!
> =


> First of all, thank you for your feedback! Yes, I made it so that Formos=
a does accomplish that: BIP39 is a particular case; a degenerate 'theme' i=
n which you have sentences of just 11 bits (instead of 33 in a typical For=
mosa sentence), and they are made up of just one (11 bits) word with no sy=
ntactic structure. The sublist of possibilities for this one field does no=
t impact and is not impacted by any other (because there is no other). The=
refore it is rather a list (without 'sub') and it consists of the original=
 BIP39 word list.
> =


> In addition to that, we make it so that themes (including BIP39) are con=
vertible into one another. The conversion is straightforward: just map the=
 words back into the array of bits that originated it and derive the new s=
eed from it using the new theme. This is why I made sure to have sentences=
 have a number of bits multiple of 11. Moreover, in order to enable forwar=
ds and backwards compatibility and facilitate adoption, we set the origina=
l BIP39 as standard for key derivation. Meaning: in order to derive keys f=
rom a seed, we first convert back to BIP39 and then proceed the KDF step a=
s originally specified in BIP39. This way legacy addresses can be kept eve=
n if a user wants to choose a theme. Finally, as a bonus, one could argue =
that a hyper customization would allow for a(n additional, dispensable, no=
n-critical) layer of obscurity (which, therefore, wouldn't violate Kerckho=
ff's principle). Example: consider, for example, that a one hyper-customiz=
ed seed could be (just an extra tool) more easily stenographed in human sp=
eech or written text.
> =


> I hope this answers your objections concerning loss of standardization. =
Thank you for bringing about the issue of coercion resistance! Here is my =
response to that: a user willing to avoid the additional vulnerability to =
coercion that an effective brain wallet would ensue could just not put up =
the effort to memorize the seed for long term, and just take advantage of =
the easier transcription and checking (ie: short-term memorization). Right=
 now I could anticipate a response in the lines of "Such a format might as=
 well be so much easier to long-term memorize that a user either ends up d=
oing that accidentally, and/or the denial of that becomes less plausible."=
. If that is the objection, well, thank you, and, however self-serving it =
is my saying it, I tend to agree that that would,=C2=A0in fact,=C2=A0be th=
e case. My response to it is that:
> =


> 1.  knowledge-based authentication, whether or not for Bitcoin, still ha=
ve some properties that possession-based authentication doesn't. Whatever =
master password you memorize, in whatever context, you'd better have an ef=
ficient format, with uniformly high entropy density (and even possibly che=
cksum), and not having to resort to a silly meme about a staple, a battery=
 and a horse.
> 2.  Mitigating the shortcomings of KBA can arguably be done better with =
2FA, instead of PBA. Having a superior format just as beneficial as before=
.
> 3.  Once again, thank you for bringing up coercion resistance! I'd like =
to point out to an elephant in the room: To this day, and to the best of m=
y knowledge there is no scheme, protocol or ceremony that simultaneously a=
chieves self-custody and coercion resistance with=C2=A0non-obscurity. IMHO=
 this is an critical problem for various reasons and I'll be making a thre=
ad about it shortly.
> =


> =


> Thank you again for your inputs and be my guest to further debate your p=
oints! I hope this could have been of help!
> =


> Faithfully yours, Yuri S VB.
> ------- Original Message -------
> On Friday, May 19th, 2023 at 11:24 PM, Keagan McClelland <keagan.mcclell=
and@gmail.com> wrote:
> =


> =


> > Good day Yuri,
> > =


> > This is a very cool idea. After reviewing the repository it seems that=
 there lacks a BIP style specification for this, so it is possible that so=
me of my takeaways may not be correct but I figured I'd comment with some =
observations anyway. Feel free to correct me where I've made a mistake.
> > I think to make an idea like this work it would be necessary for it to=
 "extend" BIP39 rather than "replace" it. What I mean by this is that BIP3=
9 is heavily entrenched in the ecosystem and so in order for you to sidest=
ep the need to get everyone in the ecosystem to adopt a new standard, you'=
d want this process to be able to output a standard BIP39 seed sequence. T=
his becomes even more important when you allow these different "themes" th=
at are mentioned later in the document. The notion of themes practically p=
recludes the standardization of the technique since customization really i=
s the antithesis of standardization.
> > =


> > The largest value proposition of these schemes is that it allows signi=
ficant wallet interoperability. This is achieved if process for translatin=
g these phrases to the underlying wallet seed is deterministic. Themes may=
 prove to make this harder to solve. I also do not believe that themes mea=
ningfully increase the ability to remember the phrase: the fact that the p=
hrase has a valid semantic at all is a massive step up from an undifferent=
iated sequence of words that is the current state of BIP39. The benefits a=
fforded by the themes here are little by comparison.
> > =


> > Overall, I think exploring this idea further is a good idea. However, =
there may be concerns about whether the increased memorability is a good t=
hing. It would certainly make $5 wrench attacks more viable, not less. I c=
an't help but ask myself the question whether more Bitcoin is lost because=
 of seed phrases not being memorized, or because of social engineering exe=
rcises used to scrape these phrases from the brains of users. I have a hun=
ch that loss is a larger problem than theft, but it is a very real possibi=
lity that a wide deployment of this type of tech could change that.
> > =


> > Stay Inspired,
> > Keags
> > =


> > On Tue, May 2, 2023 at 6:05=E2=80=AFAM Yuri S VB via bitcoin-dev <bitc=
oin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org> wrote:
> > =


> > > Dear colleagues,
> > > The following is a password format that improves upon BIP39 by allow=
ing meaningful, themed sentences with a regular grammatical structure inst=
ead of semantically disconnected words, while keeping the same entropy/che=
cksum and total bits/non-repeating leading digits ratios (of 32/1 and 11/4=
 respectively).
> > > =


> > > https://github.com/Yuri-SVB/formosa
> > > =


> > > Anecdotal experiments suggest that less than one hour of moderate co=
ncentration is enough for long term memorization of 128 + 4 bits (equivale=
nt to the 12 words standard of BIP39) if a theme of interest is employed.
> > > =


> > > I hereby offer it to your scrutiny as a Bitcoin Improvement Proposal=
. Please don't hesitate to ask whatever issue about the project there migh=
t be.
> > > =


> > > Faithfully yours, Yuri S VB.
> > > =


> > > _______________________________________________
> > > bitcoin-dev mailing list
> > > bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org
> > > https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: ProtonMail

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-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----


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