path: root/dna/projects.mdwn

Here are some things that have been done with custom DNA.

<div id="igem" />
# iGEM projects

<div id="igem-2008" />
## 2008

* [bacteria to eat polychlorinated biphenyls (a pollutant)](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Beijing_Normal/Project)
* [cell density and buoyancy for lifting large deep sea objects](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Kyoto/Project)
* [in vivo directed evolution by targeting a specific gene with a genetic circuit](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Peking_University)
* [pressure-sensitive gfp-expressing ecoli display screen](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Tokyo_Tech)
* [production of vitamin A in human gut microbes](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Guelph/Results)
* [BPA biosensor](http://2008.igem.org/Plastic_Project:The_University_of_Alberta)
* [pulsed sustainable expression of recombinant proteins in yeast](http://2008.igem.org/Team:University_of_Ottawa/Project)
* [self-assembling biomaterials in response to patterns of light](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College)
* ["Dr. Coli", a microbe to release drugs in the human body and then self-destruct when the disease is gone](http://2008.igem.org/Team:KULeuven/Project)
* [microbial phototaxis and transportation of heavy metals in water](http://2008.igem.org/Team:METU_Turkey)
* [yeast sensor of ethanol](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Missouri_Miners/Project)
* [UV sensor](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Purdue)
* [yeast production of resveratrol during beer formation](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Rice_University)
* [PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate (bioplastic)) production and sensing](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Utah_State/Project)
* [lignin peroxidase to break down cell wall lignin, and ecoli synthesis of sorbitol for biofuel reasons](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Wisconsin/Project)
* [ecoli random number generator](http://2008.igem.org/Team:HKUSTers)
* [bacterial counter based on light and fluorescence](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Melbourne/Overview)
* [small intestine microbe to replace hemodialysis machines for kidney failure treatment](http://2008.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei)
* [self-assembling protien-based reaction comparment (encapsulin) to protect cell from toxic byproducts](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Toronto_Bluegenes)
* [ecoli memory based on fluorescence, hydrogen peroxide and UV light](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Bologna)
* [ecoli production of the vitamin A precursor β-carotene](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh)
* [ecoli chemotaxis and bacteriocide release](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Heidelberg/Project)
* [ecoli thermometer that changes color](http://2008.igem.org/Team:TUDelft)
* [thermogenin-expressing yeast strains to heat their own broth medium](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Valencia/Project/Lab_work/2_experiments)
* [regulation of the synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutryate) (bioplastic)](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Duke/project/)
* [cholera sensor](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Illinois)
* [oral hygiene yogurt](http://2008.igem.org/Team:MIT)
* [conditional controlled gene transfer](http://2008.igem.org/Team:University_of_Washington)
* [flagellar protein expression system](http://2008.igem.org/Team:Slovenia)

<div id="igem-2009" />
## 2009

* [synthesis of geosmin ('earth odor')](http://2009.igem.org/Team:ArtScienceBangalore/Project)
* [yeast insecticide](http://2009.igem.org/Team:HKUST/Project)
* [atherosclerotic plaque removing enzyme in a T-helper cell chassis](http://2009.igem.org/Team:NTU-Singapore)
* [yeast that makes bread without sugar](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Todai-Tokyo/Project#Bread)
* [ecoli repair of pipes by making a protein glue](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Aberdeen_Scotland)
* [light-induced gene switch](http://2009.igem.org/Team:EPF-Lausanne)
* [universal DNAse restriction enzyme based on a DNA guide oligonucleotide](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Freiburg_bioware/Project)
* [heavy metal scavengers with a vertical gas drive](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Groningen/Project)
* [fluorescent sensors of microbe stress](http://2009.igem.org/Team:UCL_London)
* [yeast luminescence in response to electrical stimulation](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Valencia/Project)
* [biodegradation of pesticides](http://2009.igem.org/Team:IPOC2-Colombia)
* [nitrate sensor](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Gaston_Day_School/Project)
* [cinnamaldehyde biosynthetic pathway in ecoli as a mosquitocide](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Nevada)
* [idealized protein purification system](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Washington)
* [inducible natural competence for gene transfer](http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Project)
* [cell with surface receptors and antibodies to catch viruses in vivo](http://2009.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei/Project)
* [an attempt at a method of protein production and purification](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Tokyo-Nokogen/Project)
* [copying adenovirus genes into bacteria](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua)
* [synthesis of vanillin](http://2009.igem.org/Team:KULeuven)
* [production of a glue-like material](http://2009.igem.org/Team:ULB-Brussels)
* [treat allergic rhinitis by engineering Staphylococcus epidermidis, a microbe endogenous to the human nasal flora, to secrete a recombinant histamine-binding protein in response to the elevated histamine concentrations of an allergic response](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Brown)
* [environmental cleanup of toluene (a toxin)](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Michigan)
* [human stomach microbe to secrete an enzyme to degrade gliadin for celiac disease](http://2009.igem.org/Team:UC_Davis)
* [improved growth of fuel-producing bacteria in ocean water](http://2009.igem.org/Team:Wisconsin-Madison/Project)

<div id="igem-2010" />
## 2010

* [Lactococcus lactis engineered to synthesize monellin, to produce dairy products low in poly-saccharide-based sweeteners, radically reducing the calorific content of these products](http://2010.igem.org/Team:IIT_Madras)
* [ecoli synthesis of ethylene](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Monash_Australia)
* [yeast surface display for legnin degradation](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Tianjin/project11)
* [bacterial production of cellulose](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Tokyo_Metropolitan/Project)
* [ecoli system for generation of antibodies](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua/project)
* [Agrobacterium tumefaciens fluorescent sensor of capsaicin (spiciness taste)](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-Germany/Project)
* [firefly luciferase in ecoli](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Cambridge)
* [mosquito bacteria to prevent malaria infections in mosquitos](http://2010.igem.org/Team:EPF_Lausanne/Project)
* [hydrophobic biofilm](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Groningen#/project)
* [cellular suicide mechanisms](http://2010.igem.org/Team:HKU-Hong_Kong)
* [bacterial syringe for molecular injection of proteins into eukaryotic cells](http://2010.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Projects)
* [blood stream dwelling bacteria to release drugs in response to sensing](http://2010.igem.org/Team:IIT_Delhi_1)
* [fusion antibody fluorescence in yeast to detect tuberculosis](http://2010.igem.org/Team:KAIST-Korea/Project)
* [ecoli light sensors (bacteriophytochromes)](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Macquarie_Australia/Project)
* [mosquito larvae pesticide](http://2010.igem.org/Team:NCTU_Formosa/Abstract)
* [bacteria to fight desertification with production of water-retaining substance (polyglutamic acid)](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Osaka/Project)
* [cheaper method of peptide production](http://2010.igem.org/Team:RMIT_Australia)
* [apple fragrances](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Tokyo_Tech/Project/Apple_Reporter2)
* [protein reaction chamber](http://2010.igem.org/Team:USTC/Project)
* [biofilm degradation enzyme](http://2010.igem.org/Team:British_Columbia/Project)
* [metabolic channeling to accelerate catechol breakdown](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Toronto)
* [bacteria that detects and signals the presence of nitrates, for farm mapping](http://2010.igem.org/Team:BCCS-Bristol)
* [protein-based protein purification?](http://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage2/Theory#anne3)
* [bacteria to fix cracks in concrete with a glue protein](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Newcastle)
* [microfluidic flow generator by coating the channel with bacteria](http://2010.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/project-i)
* [towards bacterial terraforming and colonization of mars](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Valencia)
* [payload delivery by bacteria into phagocytes](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Berkeley)
* [3d printing by using light to lyse bacteria containing polyhydroxybutyrate PHB plastic](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Caltech)
* [iron sensor](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Gaston_Day_School)
* [voltage sensor](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Johns_Hopkins)
* [ecoli production of a layer of chitin (exoskeleton protein)](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Northwestern)
* [bacterial sensor of a ratio between two chemicals](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Stanford)
* [custom antibiotic against Bacillus anthracis (causes anthrax)](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Washington)
* [gastrointestinal microbe to treat lactose intolerance](http://2010.igem.org/Team:Wisconsin-Madison)

<div id="igem-2011" />
## 2011

* [bacterial production of quantum dots](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper/Project)
* [enzymatic degradation of biofilms (again)](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Grinnell)
* [bacterial filtration of metal ions from water](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Hunter-NYC)
* [cell patterning based on surface display of oligonucleotides and surfaces](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Michigan)
* [bacterial glucose sensor](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Missouri_Miners/Project)
* [ecoli production of ethanol](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Nevada)
* [radiation sensor](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Penn_State)
* [biofilms via yeast cell surface display](http://2011.igem.org/Team:UCSF)
* [production of wax ester](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Utah_State/Project)
* [bacteria for intestinal repair](http://2011.igem.org/Team:UT_Dallas)
* [in vivo protein fusion assembly](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Waterloo)
* [lactose operon to inhibit the production of lactic acid in Bulgaria Lactobacillus](http://2011.igem.org/Team:HIT-Harbin/Project)
* [antibiotic-free transformation of cultures](http://2011.igem.org/Team:HKUST-Hong_Kong)
* [ecoli that attracts and then eats drosophilas](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Kyoto)
* [glial cell symbiosis with a magnetic bacteria (Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1) serving as a linker between reception of wireless magnetic field and optogenetic neuro-stimulation output](http://2011.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei)
* [ecoli transfer of killer genes to pathogens by conjugation (with a pilus)](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Tokyo_Metropolitan)
* [ecoli as a method of binding and transporting particles up/down a gradient](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua/project)
* [bacterial papermaking (cellulose)](http://2011.igem.org/Team:TzuChiU_Formosa/Project/PhotoPaper)
* [chemoattraction for bioremediation](http://2011.igem.org/Team:UT-Tokyo)
* [ecoli bacterial population control based on cell density](http://2011.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/Project/Description)
* [increased tolerance to low temperature in ecoli by expression of psychrophile chaperones and CspC](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Amsterdam)
* [reflectin thin films](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Cambridge#/Project/Microscopy)
* [cigarette smoke sensor](http://2011.igem.org/Team:ETH_Zurich)
* [simple method of protein expression and purification](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Freiburg/Project)
* [mercury sensor](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Grenoble)
* [inducing or inhibiting ice formation](http://2011.igem.org/Team:KULeuven)
* [fungus with increased insecticidal activity](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Nairobi/Project)
* [degradation of DDT, synthetic estrogen (17a-ethynylestradiol), bisphenol A, and nonylphenol to less toxic forms](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Caltech)
* [nitrate sensor using red fluorescent protein](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Gaston_Day_School)
* [2d patterning on surfaces using light, based on the the silicatein protein from Suberites domuncula](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Minnesota/Project)
* [Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensor](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Northwestern)
* [ecoli with radiation resistance genes from Deinococcus radiodurans](http://2011.igem.org/Team:NYC_Wetware)
* [ecoli responsive to short pulse laser light](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Rutgers)
* [gene expression in the presence of a magnetic field, in-vivo magnetite formation in the magnetosome vesicles of the magnetotactic bacteria, Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum strain AMB-1, mms-6](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Toronto/Project)
* [production of β-ionone, derived from β-carotene, an aromatic compound characterized by a rose scent (perfumes)](http://2011.igem.org/Team:WashU)
* [hyperactive antifreeze protein isolated from the Siberian beetle, Rhagium inquisitor (RiAFP)](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Yale)
* [another radiation sensor](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Osaka)
* [bile acid sensor](http://2011.igem.org/Team:UST-Beijing/Project)
* [ecoli to treat lactose intolerance in the gut](http://2011.igem.org/Team:VIT_Vellore)
* [colorful biofilm of ecoli plus photographs](http://2011.igem.org/Team:WHU-China)
* [gluefilm: a biofilm as a two-sided tape](http://2011.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China)
* [unicellular microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for effective trinitrotoluene (TNT) biodegradation by expression of Enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase gene nfsI](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Bilkent_UNAM_Turkey) warning, javascript copypaste hijacking (they are probably morally corrupt)
* [Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor to bind to gram negative cell walls to stop gram negative cell growth](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Fatih_Turkey)
* [photolithography biofilm for 3d printing](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Glasgow)
* [coating seeds with bacteria that produce indole-3-acetic acid (auxin)](http://2011.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College_London/Tour)
* [methane to methanol](http://2011.igem.org/Team:METU-Ankara)
* [sticky probiotics for food plates to fight "bad" bacteria](http://2011.igem.org/Team:TU-Delft)

<div id="igem-2012" />
## 2012

* [ecoli with antifreeze proteins from Rhagium inquisitor beetle](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Tec-Monterrey/antifreeze/project)
* [bioluminescent cyanobacteria](http://2012.igem.org/Team:UC_Chile/Cyanolux/Project_short)
* [logic using bacterial nanotubes](http://2012.igem.org/Team:UNAM_Genomics_Mexico/Project)
* [bacteria to remove CaSO4 from statues](http://2012.igem.org/Team:UNITN-Trento)
* [Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce a beer with xanthohumol (anticancerogenic), limonene (limeflavor), caffeine (CNS-stimulant), thaumatin (protein sweetener)](http://2012.igem.org/Team:TU_Munich)
* [methyl nicotinate sensor to detect tuberculosis, based on G-protein–coupled receptors](http://2012.igem.org/Team:TU-Delft)
* [microencapsulation of cells for synthesizing drugs in particular areas in mammals](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Slovenia)
* [another antibody generation system](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Potsdam_Bioware)
* [controlled gene expression based on temperature](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Paris-Saclay/Project/Abstract)
* [biofilm degradation and replacement by a protective biofilm](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Lyon-INSA)
* [ultra-sensitive pathogen sensor](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Grenoble/Project/Abstract)
* [colon inflammation sensor, and ecoli to attack Clostridium difficile pathogens](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Dundee)
* [human pregnancy sensor based on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Chalmers-Gothenburg/Biodetection_of_hCG)
* [ecoli epigenetic DNA methylation reporting system](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Amsterdam)
* [signal amplification in an ecoli colony based on a weak signal](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua/Project)
* [long-distance light communication between ecoli in separate beakers](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Tokyo-NoKoGen)
* [an attempt at non-symmetrical colony growth](http://2012.igem.org/Team:SEU_O_China/Project)
* [red tide warning system based on a phosphate sensor and a nitrate sensor](http://2012.igem.org/Team:OUC-China/Project/Overview)
* [cyanobacteria bioremediation of sulfur dioxide via sulfide reductase](http://2012.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei/ymis1.html)
* [bacterial phytochrome to induce transcription of some gene in response to red light](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Macquarie_Australia/Project)
* [bacteria to kill Xanthomonas oryzae KACC10331 (Korean specie), the cause of bacterial leaf blight disease (occurs in rice crops)](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Korea_U_Seoul/Project/Description)
* [spherical ecoli cluster that can accumulate macromolecules inside and does not require centrifugation to filter](http://2012.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan), see also [here](http://2012.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Project/Biocapsule)
* [Bacillus subtilis to recognize colon carcinomas by expressing a colon tumor specific binding peptide on the cell wall using a cell wall binding system, and then synthesizing an anti-tumor chemokine](http://2012.igem.org/Team:HKUST-Hong_Kong)
* [temperature shock sensor](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Ehime-Japan/Project#three)
* [expression of proteins on flagella and chemical removal of flagella from cells, without killing the host cells](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Stanford-Brown/Biomining/Introduction)
* [increasing the nutrition content of rice](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Nevada/Project/)
* [diarrhea-related pathogen sensors](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Arizona_State/Problem)
* [MAGE with natural competence](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Yale/Project)
* [bacterial production of saffron (a spice)](http://2012.igem.org/Team:WashU)
* [extracellular secretion of phytase from Arabidopsis roots allowing the plants to utilize the accumulated forms of soil organic phosphorus (primarily, phytate), which otherwise would not be available to the plant](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Toronto/Project)
* [a system that breaks down phytic acid in the digestive system, releasing bound iron for the body to absorb](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Northwestern/Project)
* [yeast production of caffeine](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Minnesota/Project/Caffeine_Yeast)
* [a skin-based, UV-protectant probiotic, perhaps based on Staphylococcus epidermidis](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Minnesota/Project/UV_Absorption)
* [heavy metal sensors](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Gaston_Day_School)
* [arsenic sensor, naphthalene sensor, salicylate sensor, current output](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Cornell/project)
* [bacteria to help fight Hemileia vastatrix coffee rust (caused by a fungus)](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Colombia/Project/Basics)
* [cyanide sensor](http://2012.igem.org/Team:PANAMA_INDICASAT)
* [carbon dioxide sensor](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Ciencias-UNAM/Project)
* [meat spoilage sensor](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Groningen)
* [selection of fast-swimming ecoli (flash coli)](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Goettingen)
* [polystyrene degradation](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Leicester/Project)
* [production of stevia sweetener in yeast](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Frankfurt)
* [bacterial injection and expression of florigen to cause plants to flower](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Kyoto/Project)
* [production of butanol](http://2012.igem.org/Team:NCTU_Formosa)
* [yet another radiation sensor](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Osaka/Project)
* [3d printing based on a tiny photosensor protein](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Peking/Project/3D/Future)
* [phage sensor](http://2012.igem.org/Team:USTC-China)
* [improved production of hydrogen in ecoli](http://2012.igem.org/Team:UT-Tokyo)
* [control of protein activity through blue wavelength light with a fusion protein](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Bonn)
* [UV sensor and production of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a common ingredient of sunscreen](http://2012.igem.org/Team:ETH_Zurich)
* [fusion protein display on endospores from Bacillus subtilis](http://2012.igem.org/Team:LMU-Munich/Abstract)
* [intestinal probiotic for inulin metabolism to reduce inflammation caused by plasma lipopolysaccharide](http://2012.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark)
* [ω−3 fatty acids synthesis](http://2012.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews)
* [intestinal probiotic to produce a Norovirus antibody](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Trieste)
* [yeast-based electronic visual display](http://2012.igem.org/Team:TU-Eindhoven/LEC/Device)
* [aggregation of plastic microparticles into plastic islands](http://2012.igem.org/Team:University_College_London)
* [Bacillus subtilis with the ability to enter a human cell](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Warsaw)
* [ecoli production of spider silk](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Utah_State)
* [ecoli production of hydrogen gas](http://2012.igem.org/Team:UC-Merced/Project)
* [gluten-free beer](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Colorado_State)
* [refactor of methylxanthine degradation operon native to Pseudomonas putida CBB5 into ecoli, for caffeine degradation](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Austin_Texas)
* [oil sands oil extraction, removed for "proprietary" reasons](http://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Cornell/project/background/oil_extraction&oldid=283031)
* [Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) sensor](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Virginia)
* [yeast to synthesize vitamin D3](http://2012.igem.org/Team:UConn/Project)
* [expression of specific proteins in the flagella](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Queens_Canada/ChimeriQ)
* [improvements to Acetobacter xylinum cellulose secretion, increased hydrophobicity](http://2012.igem.org/Team:NYU_Gallatin)
* [anchoring proteins to cell surface](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Missouri_Miners/Project)
* [arsenic sensor](http://2012.igem.org/Team:IvyTech-South_Bend)
* [Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, light-controlled printed circuit board manufacturing process, photolithography, 2d printing](http://2012.igem.org/Team:Columbia-Cooper-NYC/Overview)

<div id="igem-2013" />
## 2013

* [alkane sensor](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Tianjin)
* [construction of a magnetosome membrane in ecoli](http://2013.igem.org/Team:OUC-China/Review)
* [ecoli production of chlorophyll](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Macquarie_Australia)
* [ecoli to cure hay fever](http://2013.igem.org/Team:KAIT_Japan)
* [Bacillus subtilis mediated antigen expression against Yersinia pestis by transfer through fleas, for dogs](http://2013.igem.org/Team:HZAU-China) (really?)
* [alcohol oxidation and degradiation in stomach or duodenum in human hosts, to avoid alcohol metabolism](http://2013.igem.org/Team:CAU_China/Project2)
* [agrobacterium production of paper (based on cellulose), ecoli expression of sperm whale myoglobin as ink](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Biwako_Nagahama/Project)
* [glucose sensor for honey](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Sumbawagen)
* [odor sensor and odorant oscillator](http://2013.igem.org/Team:SCUT/Project)
* [ecoli to save bees from Nosema ceranae infections (bee parasites)](http://2013.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei)
* [aflatoxin sensor](http://2013.igem.org/Team:ITB_Indonesia)
* [glyoxylate shunt to introduce fatty acid metabolism to human liver cells, to convert fat into glucose](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Hong_Kong_HKUST/Project)
* [heat regulation in ecoli](http://2013.igem.org/Team:BIT-China/project.html#HR)
* [transdermal vaccine based on Bacillus subtilis](http://2013.igem.org/Team:USTC_CHINA)
* [decrease of antibiotic resistance by conjugation and sense/antisense mRNA, plasmids](http://2013.igem.org/Team:TzuChiU_Formosa)
* [degradation of dichloroethane (DCA)](http://2013.igem.org/Team:SydneyUni_Australia)
* [degradation of organophosphorus toxins](http://2013.igem.org/Team:SCAU-China)
* [production of pearls from carbon dioxide in ecoli](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Korea_U_Seoul)
* [degradation of shiga toxin](http://2013.igem.org/Team:IIT_Madras)
* [magnetic ecoli](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Chiba)
* [tetracycline sensor and β-lactam sensor](http://2013.igem.org/Team:BIT)
* [tryptophan sensor and directed evolution](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua-E/Project)
* [thermogenic heating protein](http://2013.igem.org/Team:NTU_Taiwan/index.html)
* [degradation of atrazine](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Nanjing-China)
* [fruit flavoring in ecoli](http://2013.igem.org/Team:KIT-Kyoto/Project)
* [pH sensor](http://2013.igem.org/Team:IIT_Delhi)
* [voltage sensor](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Hong_Kong_CUHK/abstract)
* [more steviol synthesis (same as 2012 team)](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Frankfurt)
* [spider silk production in Bacillus subtilis to coat medical implants](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Groningen/Navigation/Project)
* [conversion of nitric oxide to ammonia](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Kent)
* [production of palm oil](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Manchester/Overview)
* [bacteria to hitch a ride on Caenorhabditis elegans with a biofilm, switchable](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Valencia_Biocampus)
* [fluorescent magnetosome to visualize magnetic fields w.r.t cells](http://2013.igem.org/Team:UNIK_Copenhagen)
* [bacterial production of rubber](http://2013.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark)
* [outer membrane vesicles as a drug delivery mechanism](http://2013.igem.org/Team:NTNU-Trondheim)
* [various flavored yogurts](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Bordeaux/Project)
* [surface displayed streptavidin biotinylated nanoparticles](http://2013.igem.org/Team:EPF_Lausanne)
* [ecoli to fight methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus](http://2013.igem.org/Team:TU-Delft/ProjectOverview)
* [microglia to break down Alzheimer's disease related plaques](http://2013.igem.org/Team:UCL)
* [nickel sensor and nickel remediation](http://2013.igem.org/Team:UniSalento_Lecce)
* [sensor of Legionella pneumophila](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Baskent_Meds/Project)
* [bioplastic degradation and synthesis, recycling of poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid P(3HB)](http://2013.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Imperial_College/tour)
* [ice nucleation proteins to express and position target-binding peptides on the cell surface, for binding to microbeads](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Leeds)
* [increase coumaric acid in bee's gut](http://2013.igem.org/Team:METU_Turkey)
* [modulate fruit ripening with a bacteria that produces ethylene](http://2013.igem.org/Team:UNITN-Trento)
* [acrylamide sensor](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Warsaw/Project_description)
* [ammonia to nitrous oxide, in waste water](http://2013.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark/Project)
* [ecoli duodenum-dwelling treatment for hemochromatosis and thalassemia, bacteria respond to ambient iron by secreting elevated levels of siderophores, thereby chelating the iron to prevent its absorption by the patient](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Evry)
* [ecoli for degradation of highly chlorinated polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs)](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Paris_Saclay)
* [probiotics to produce beta-carotene (provitamin), resveratrol (antioxidant), miraculin (sweetener) and saffron (taste)](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Uppsala)
* [chitin degradation, to fight bed bugs](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Westminster)
* [algae bloom predictions based on microcystin sensor (algae toxin)](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Dundee)
* [bacterial photographs](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Exeter/Results)
* [antimycins (anti-fungal compounds) sensor](http://2013.igem.org/Team:NRP-UEA-Norwich)
* [progestin sensor](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen/Project/Overwiew)
* [toxin-antitoxin selection system instead of using antibiotic resistance selection](http://2013.igem.org/Team:UGent)
* [synthesis of monoterpene 1,8-cineole, a terpene synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana (able to repel some insects) and the S-linalool synthase gene from Clarkia breweri, responsible for the aroma, expression based on presence of cupper](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Valencia-CIPF/OurSolution)
* [degradation of L-carnitine in the intestine, delivered by gelatin capsules](http://2013.igem.org/Team:UIUC_Illinois)
* [ecoli to fight tooth decay by killing Streptococcus mutans](http://2013.igem.org/Team:UT_Dallas)
* [human insulin synthesis in Pichia pastoris (yeast)](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Minnesota/Project)
* [another pH sensor](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Northwestern)
* [convert food odor into a banana smell](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Queens_Canada/Project/Repel)
* [minicells (cells without chromosomes) as a plasmid expression system](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Virginia/Project_Overview)
* [production of indican to dye denim jeans](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Berkeley/Project/GLU)
* [desalination of water by storin salts in vacuoles, inflation of a bicycle inner tube using yeast](http://2013.igem.org/Team:CSU_Fort_Collins)
* [protein purification using elastin-like proteins](http://2013.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder/Project/Kit/Purification)
* [geraniol synthesis](http://2013.igem.org/Team:UGA-Georgia)
* [various antimicrobial peptides, against fungi (prevention of hyphae elongation), Spheniscin-2 for long-term storage of food in king penguin stomach, antimicrobial spider silk proteins, various others](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Utah_State/Project)
* [using multiplex automated genome engineering (MAGE) to get ecoli to produce PLA plastics in bulk](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Yale)
* [Listeria monocytogenes sensor, for food/FDA reasons](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Clemson)
* [ecoli synthesis of mussel adhesion proteins](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Greensboro-Austin)
* [ecoli degradation of p-cresol down to Acetyl-CoA and pyruvate, to reduce the smell/odor of swine/pig manure](http://2013.igem.org/Team:Greensboro-Austin)
* [ecoli synthesis of eucalyptol (main component of eucalyptus oil)](http://2013.igem.org/Team:MSOE_Milwaukee)
* [degradation of keratin, for processing feather waste from the poultry industry](http://2013.igem.org/Team:UChicago/Project)
* [various chimeric biosensors](http://2013.igem.org/Team:UTK-Knoxville)

<div id="igem-2014" />
## 2014

these are from <http://igem.org/Team_Wikis?year=2014>

* [selective colonization of human wounds by an engineered microorganism to prevent subsequent infection by pathogens](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Auckland_New_Zealand/Project)
* [radiation biosensor and amplifier](http://2014.igem.org/Team:BIT/project.html)
* [sRNA regulatory expression locking system](http://2014.igem.org/Team:BIT-China/Project)
* [engineering of a fusion protein embedded in ecoli membranes to deliver heavy metals (molybdenum) to rhizobium roots](http://2014.igem.org/Team:BNU-China/home.html)
* [mercury biosensor](http://2014.igem.org/Team:BUCT-China/small-dialogpart3)
* [ecoli ("fit coli") to uptake fatty acids, fats, etc.](http://2014.igem.org/Team:CityU_HK)
* [circular mRNA for the production of very long amino acid chains and massive proteins](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Gifu/Projects/Circular%26RNA)
* [yeast biosensor of dioxins (toxin/pollutant)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:HIT-Harbin/Project)
* [enhancement of ferric iron oxidation in saccharomyces cerevisiae (fungi) for biomining](http://2014.igem.org/Team:HNU_China/Project)
* [conversion of carbon dioxide and carbonate into methane](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Hong_Kong-CUHK/home.html?page=link-project#)
* [affinity-tagged bacterial microcompartment cargo system and plasmid](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Hong_Kong_HKU)
* [pneumosensor - a biosensor to detect streptococcus pneumoniae](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Hong_Kong_HKUST/pneumosensor/modules)
* [copper and heavy metal remediation by biofilms for sewage/waste treatment (E. kungfu)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:HUST-China/Overview)
* [yeast production of unsaturated fatty acids, docasapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:HUST-Innovators#)
* [ecoli production of nitrite reductase enzyme NrfA (reduces NOx to ammonia), sulfite reductase enzyme CysI (reduces sulphur dioxide (SO2) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S)), and sulfide quinone reductase enzyme Sqr (reduces H2S to sulfur(S))](http://2014.igem.org/Team:IIT_Delhi)
* [ecoli production of an esterase enzyme to degrade plastic ("coliplaster")](http://2014.igem.org/Team:ITB_Indonesia)
* [microbial expression of a hydrolase to degrade microcystin, a toxin from algal blooms](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Jilin_China/BACKGROUND)
* [an attempt to ameliorate allergic symptoms in human immune systems](http://2014.igem.org/Team:KAIT_Japan/Project)
* [corynebacterium glutamicum expression of proteins on pili structures or protein whip, maybe similar to cell surface display](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Korea_U_Seoul)
* [ecoli production of magnetosomes (magnetic organelles)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Kyoto/Project/Magnetosome_Formation)
* [ecoli production of dimethyl sulfide (cloud condensation nuclei) for the formation of atmospheric clouds](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Kyoto/Project/DMS_Synthesis)
* [synthesis of chlorophyll A in ecoli](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Macquarie_Australia)
* [native chemical ligation of biomacromolecules using peptide stars](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Melbourne/Project)
* [ecoli trapping of cadmium on outer membrane](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Nagahama)
* [pseudomonas stutzeri for the synthesis of rhamnolipid to help oil not get trapped by sandstone, as a method of microbial enhanced oil recovery](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Nankai/Project)
* [synthesis of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide to attract insects](http://2014.igem.org/Team:NCTU_Formosa/project)
* [visual gene operation system in aspergillus niger for easy screening of transformed aspergillus niger](http://2014.igem.org/Team:NEAU-Harbin/background.html)
* [ecoli cadmium biosensor and production of nanocrystals](http://2014.igem.org/Team:NEFU_China)
* [ecoli synthesis of fatty acids](http://2014.igem.org/Team:NJU-QIBEBT/team/Overview)
* [ecoli human skin care](http://2014.igem.org/Team:NTU_Taida/PROJECT)
* [gp16 protein to cause inducible competence in ecoli for dna uptake](http://2014.igem.org/Team:NU_Kazakhstan)
* [bacteriophage to fight dental cavities](http://2014.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei)
* [fusion protein that can bind and protect plasmids, with the ability of helping plasmids transfect into eukaryotic cells in high efficiency](http://2014.igem.org/Team:OUC-China)
* [an invasive species to fight algal blooms](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Peking)
* [insertion of n-butanol production pathway into yeast mitochondria](http://2014.igem.org/Team:SCUT/Project/Overview)
* [programmed polyitide synthesis for creating customized polyketides (antimicrobials)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:SCUT-China/Project/Overview)
* [ecoli glucose biosensor](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Sumbawagen)
* [non-viral DNA delivery system (A-B-toxin-GAL4 fusion protein) to deliver plasmids encoding gRNA into CD4+ cells and readily attack multiple HIV genome sites simultaneously](http://2014.igem.org/Team:SUSTC-Shenzhen/Project)
* [in vivo directed evolution](http://2014.igem.org/Team:SYSU-China/content.html#Project/Background)
* [ecoli synthesis of alkaline cellulase](http://2014.igem.org/Team:SZU-China/Project/AlkalineCellulase)
* [combination of CRISPR and phage therapy to deal with bacterial resistance problems in agriculture](http://2014.igem.org/Team:TCU_Taiwan/Project)
* [electrical current charge produced by bacteria using curli fibers linked to nanogold](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Tianjin/Project)
* [ecoli production of a pesticide, a trehalase inhibitor, 3,3´-diketotrehalose (3,3´-dkT), against roaches](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Tokyo-NoKoGen)
* [production of hemicellulase to bleach and decolor paper pulp](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Tongji/project)
* [a gene therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus ("Our approach converts somatic cells into regulated insulin-producing cells, thus eliminating the need for continuous insulin therapy")](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua#anchor1)
* [an attempt at prokaryote-compatible Transactivator-Like Effectors (TALEs) for gene editing](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua-A)
* [DNA-based sensor of human papillomavirus (HPV)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UB_Indonesia)
* [plant uptake, metabolism and degradation of formaldehyde](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UESTC-China/Project)
* [ecoli degradation of biofilm of Vibrio cholerae](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UI-Indonesia)
* [bacterial photography using Caulobacter crescentus with its strong biological glue providing up to 68 N/mm^2 of resistance](http://2014.igem.org/Team:USTC-China/project/cimager)
* [resurrection of human vitamin C synthesis based on a GLO gene from lemur](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UST_Beijing/Project)
* [ecoli formaldehyde gas biosensor](http://igem-whu.github.io/igem2014/project.html#application)
* [pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) biosensor](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Aachen/Project)
* [ecoli surface display of proteins to detect trypanosoma brucei gambiense to detect and fight human african trypanosomiasis (african sleeping sickness)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Aberdeen_Scotland)
* [ecoli population-level control and synchronization of cell cycle, plus visual display of cell cycle status](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Project)
* [mechanisms that would be useful for engineering cells to respond to ischemia, low oxygen and blood clots](http://2014.igem.org/Team:ATOMS-Turkiye/At-a-Glance)
* [magnetic remote control of ecoli, production of various magnetic nanoparticles](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Berlin/Project)
* [ecoli production of cyanobacteria's bacterial microcompartment or carboxysome for carbon dioxide fixation under aerobic conditions, to produce isobutanol](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec)
* [ecoli production of elastic proteins (elastins), spider silk, insect resilin](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Bordeaux/Project)
* [ecoli synthesis of the soluble form of the enzyme complex methane monooxygenase (sMMO) for hydroxylation of methane to methanol](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Braunschweig)
* [simple eukaryotic multicellular plant chassis, primitive land plant Marchantia polymorpha](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Cambridge-JIC)
* [RNA concentration fluorophore](http://2014.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark)
* [cystic fibrosis biosensors (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Dundee)
* [protein complements as biosensors of protein activity in cells, touch sensitive ecoli and stress sensitive s. cerevisiae](http://2014.igem.org/Team:EPF_Lausanne)
* [marine bacteria Pseudovibrio denitrificans degradation of water pollutants, in episymbiosis with the sponge Spongia officinalis](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Evry/Overview/Project)
* [bacterial explosives remediation of TNT and nitroglycerin](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Exeter/Project)
* [optogenetic, light-induced expression of a specific receptor that allows a viral vector carrying genes to be inserted into the cell](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Freiburg/Project/Overview)
* [two plasmid kit to enable expression of noncannonical amino acids (ncAAs)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Austin_Texas)
* [mercury remediation](http://2014.igem.org/Team:BIOSINT_Mexico)
* [cell surface biosensor of cystatin C, detection of early stages of chronic kidney disease](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Brasil-SP)
* [metal-binding peptides to extract chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and sphalerite (ZnS) minerals in natural ores, display of metal-binding peptides in Caulobacter crescentus, using directed evolution](http://2014.igem.org/Team:British_Columbia/ProjectOverview)
* [easy purification kit for Pfu DNA polymerase](http://2014.igem.org/Team:BUGSS_Baltimore/Project)
* [ecoli lead sequestration](http://2014.igem.org/Team:BUGSS_Baltimore/Project)
* [Nitrosospira multiformis and Nitrosomonas eutropha (sludge bacteria) production of erythromycin esterase B and beta-lactamase to breakdown and degrade azythromycin and penicillin](http://2014.igem.org/Team:BYU_Provo)
* [estrogen receptor as a bioreceptor to detect environmental hormones](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Carnegie_Mellon/Project_Description)
* [biosensor detection of Vibrio cholerae](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Colombia)
* [oligonucleotide synthesis using Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) as an alternative to phosphoramidite-based DNA synthesis](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Cooper_Union/TdT_project)
* [DNA synthesis: characterization of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase as an alternative oligonucleotide synthesis method](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Rutgers)
* [lead remediation using metallothioneins](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Cornell/project)
* [breakdown/degradation of frying oil (diacylglycerol) into glycerol and two fatty acids](http://2014.igem.org/Team:CSU_Fort_Collins/Breakdown/)
* [ecoli resistance to isobutanol, and production of isobutanol](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Gaston_Day_School)
* [fluorescent protein plasmids](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Genspace/Project/IP-Free_Genes) (encumbered by DNA2.0 license restrictions)
* [open-source hardware for liquid handling robotics (opentrons)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Genspace/Project/Opentrons-Robot)
* [gene switching using site specific recombinase (φC31 Integrase) from Streptomyces phage φC31](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Glasgow/Project)
* [peptide markers as biosensors to detect invasive fungi](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Goettingen/project_overview/project)
* [generation counter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for visual sorting of cells by color and generation number](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Gothenburg)
* [custom bandage with Lactococcus lactis to detect and kill human burn wound pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Groningen:Project:Bandage)
* [metal binding protein with multiple methallothionein domains for affinity with copper, arsenic, zinc and cadmium, for expression in the extracellular space of plants to remove heavy metals from soil](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Hannover/Project)
* [bacterial production of curli (with high resistance to degradation) as an easy method of displaying information for visual inspection or analysis](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Harvard_BioDesign)
* [heat-resistant DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1 (731-1602)) using protein circularization to amplify DNA including methylation, as an alternative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Heidelberg/Project/PCR_2.0)
* [alkane biosensor in yeast, coupled to the expression of a chromoprotein](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Hendrix_Arkansas)
* [bacterial synthesis of cellulose, based on a pathway from Gluconacetobacter xylinus](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Imperial/Project)
* [amyloid surface display and surface-specific proteins for water purification and removal of metal contaminants](http://2014.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project)
* [degradation of oxidized cholesterol by insertion of three enzymes into a lysozome in mammalian cells, for fighting atherosclerosis](http://2014.igem.org/Team:ITESM-CEM/Project)
* [ecoli production of a ginger scent (Zingiberence synthase) and a lavender scent (R-linalool synthase)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Kent/theproblem)
* [an attempt at transferring the genome of Streptococcus thermophilus into Bacillus subtilis](http://2014.igem.org/Team:LA_Biohackers/Project)
* [microglia ("mobile immune cells of the brain") conversion of human astrocytes into neurons, to remove astrogliosis build-up of glial scars caused by neural insults like brain injury, stroke and neurodegenerative disease](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge)
* [protein allergen (Ara h1) biosensor compatible with food samples, for detection of food allergens prior to human consumption or contact](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Linkoping_Sweden)
* [genetic circuit enabling Bacillus subtilis to detect and kill pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae](http://2014.igem.org/Team:LMU-Munich/Project/Bakillus)
* [a 3d printer using a cellulose producing bacteria (Gluconacetobacter hansenii and Acetobacter) and patterned light](http://2014.igem.org/Team:London_BioHackspace)
* [ecoli to absorb excess carbohydrates](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Manchester#)
* [an expansion of the repertoire of ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins to select from hundreds of non-proteinogenic building blocks (rather than only amino acids)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Marburg:Project:NRPS)
* [ecoli degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (plastic) to pyruvate](http://2014.igem.org/Team:METU_Turkey_project)
* [ecoli production of single chain fragment variable antibodies by tagging them with a OsmY, a secreted protein](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Michigan)
* [conversion of methylmercury to mercury gas, bioremediation](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Minnesota#Idea/slide4)
* [nitrogen oxide fixation and conversion to ammonia](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Missouri_Miners)
* [towards down-regulating Aβ production and up-regulating Aβ degradation in alzheimers disease](http://2014.igem.org/Team:MIT)
* [crop pathogen biosensor using chromoprotein signaling](http://2014.igem.org/Team:NRP-UEA-Norwich)
* [a transformation vector compatible with photosynthetic bacteria Synechocystis sp.](http://2014.igem.org/Team:NTNU_Trondheim/Project)
* [isolation of mutants of Corynebacteria that do not express aminoacylase enzymes (which cause armpit odor)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Paris_Bettencourt)
* [human skin microbial treatment of Propionibacterium acnes](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Pitt)
* [bacillus subtilis production of plant phytosiderophores to cause plant iron uptake](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Purdue/Introduction/Project_Overview)
* [light-activated protein splicing system using two chromoproteins](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Queens_Canada/Project)
* [yeast production of milk proteins and cheese ("real vegan cheese")](http://2014.igem.org/Team:SF_Bay_Area_DIYbio)
* [ecoli degradation of fat and hair, for sewar cleaning and removal of "fatbergs"](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Sheffield)
* [biodegradable plastic unmanned aerial vehicle](http://2014.igem.org/Team:StanfordBrownSpelman)
* [ecoli production of the red anthocyanidin dye pelargonidin and a mutated version of the anthocyanidin synthase (anthocyanidins are the glycosylated forms of anthocyanins)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:TU_Darmstadt)
* [enzymatic conversion between human blood types](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen)
* [coating of ecoli membrane to protect bacteria in harsh environments, using click chemistry](http://2014.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven/Abstract)
* [characterization of different mutator genes for feedback-regulated evolution of phenotype (directed evolution)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UChicago)
* [bacterial azo dye remediation](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UCL/Project/About)
* [ecoli production of spider silk](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UCLA)
* [mercury bioremediation](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UFAM_Brazil/Overview)
* [color changing feces for the detection of colorectal cancer](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UFMG_Brazil)
* [multicellular ecoli](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UiOslo_Norway)
* [degradation of theobromine (from chocolate)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UIUC_Illinois)
* [ecoli expression of a toxin and antitoxin for production scaleup](http://2014.igem.org/Team:ULB-Brussels)
* [bacterial attack of biofilm arginate in cystic fibrosis](http://2014.igem.org/Team:UMayor-Chile)
* [ecoli production of enzymes that can be used to remove laundry stains such as grass, starch, and oils (instead of traditional laundry detergents)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Utah_State)
* [production of moth sex pheromones in Nicotiana benthamiana (plant)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Valencia_UPV)
* [Saccharomyces cerevisiae production of sweet-smelling fragrants or odors](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Vanderbilt)
* [a genetic system in Pseudomonas putida that detects the presence of F. oxysporum in the soil and produces a combination of antifungals to remove the fungal threat (for bananas)](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Wageningen_UR)
* [ecoli nitrogen fixation for fixing agricultural nitrogen deficiency](http://2014.igem.org/Team:WashU_StLouis)
* [delivery of a method of silicing of antibiotic resistance genes in pathogens](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Waterloo)
* [probiotic bacteria secretion of cellulase to digest cellulose](http://2014.igem.org/Team:WLC-Milwaukee)
* [water bioremediation and removal of cadmium and sulfate from waste water](http://2014.igem.org/Team:York)

<div id="igem-2015" />
## 2015

<https://twitter.com/kanzure/status/810255211168223232>

* [Streptoyces avermitilis overexpression of avermectin, a termite toxin](http://2015.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Project)
* [protein inhibitor of GzmB (granzyme B), to prevent tissue and extracellular matrix damage from chronic inflammation](http://2015.igem.org/Team:TAS_Taipei)
* [optimized expression of ethene monooxygenase for performing the epoxide reaction converting ethylene to ethylene oxide](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Sydney_Australia/project_overview)
* [anaerobic carbon fixation with ACS/CODH system, and nitrogen fixation with paenibacillus nitrogenase, for Mars colonization](http://2015.igem.org/Team:SCU_China)
* [using ferritin and a magnetic field to heat a thermosensitive regulator inside of a cell](http://2015.igem.org/Team:OUC-China) (magthermo)
* [using TALE system as scaffolds for the spatial organization of bacterial metabolism for heterologous production of plant hormone ndole-3-acetic acid (IAA) using TALE-fused tryptophan-2-mono-oxygenase (IAAM) and indoleacetimide hydrolase (IAAH)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NUDT_CHINA/Description)
* [Lactobacillus bulgaricus biosensor of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) and pathogens in yogurt](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NEFU_China/Description)
* [bioremediation of heavy metals from waste water](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Nanjing-China)
* [Gil, software to help find and score metabolic pathways](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Korea_U_Seoul)
* [sensor of high pathogen cell density and release of batericidal alyteserin, including release of a peptide to neutralize the activity of anti-microbial peptides](http://2015.igem.org/Team:IIT_Madras/Description)
* [using a marine microorganism Yarrowia lipolytica for cementation, including cell surface display](http://2015.igem.org/Team:HUST-China/Description)
* [biosensor of potassium, phosphorous and nitrogen](http://2015.igem.org/Team:HKUST-Rice)
* [expression of circular mRNA in ecoli by a method of self-splicing, including synthesis of functional long-chain proteins](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Gifu/project/)
* [genetic cancer therapy based on telomerase-reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter and human survivin promoter, both known to be highly active in multiple cancer cell types](http://2015.igem.org/Team:BGU_Israel/Description)
* [production of cinnamate by using phenylalanine ammonia-lyase](http://2015.igem.org/Team:AHUT_China/project)
* [using antimicrobial proteins in wound dressings to prevent infections during wound healing](http://2015.igem.org/Team:TCU_Taiwan)
* [expression of spermicidal proteins in vaginal fluids as a contraceptive](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UI_Indonesia/project)
* [an attempt at improving antibody-drug conjugates for targeted drug delivery](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Shenzhen_SFLS/Overview)
* [paired dcas9 as a nucleic acid sensor of tuberculosis](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Peking/Design)
* [prevention of dental cavities by overexpression of a ComX agonist XrpA](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NU_Kazakhstan)
* [use sensors of chromium and copper to regulate expression of riboflavin to improve performane of microbial fuel cells](http://2015.igem.org/Team:LZU-China/chz_index)
* [production of biosurfactant rhamnolipid](http://2015.igem.org/Team:ITB_INDONESIA)
* [bidirectional coupling between real and virtual bio-oscillators](http://2015.igem.org/Team:HZAU-China)
* [production of thanatin as an antimicrobial peptide](http://2015.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Description)
* [gfp reporter of autophagy](http://2015.igem.org/Team:H4Z-Hangzhou#introduction)
* [gluten sensor](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Danzi_Kesh_8/Description)
* [yeast to express a reporter activated by IL-8, a biomarker of oral cancer in saliva samples](http://2015.igem.org/Team:CGU_Taiwan)
* [formaldehyde sensor coupled with formaldehyde dehydrogenase for degradation of formaldehyde](http://2015.igem.org/Team:BHSF_Beijing)
* [improved performance of leucine dehydrogenase for HIV or HCV protease inhibitors](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Amoy/Project)
* [genetic circuits for timers](http://2015.igem.org/Team:SYSU_CHINA/Project)
* [potato resistance to Phytophthora infestans, or using an antimicrobial protein from Lepidium meyenii](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei)
* [cadmium biosensor based on directed evolution of MerR, which regulates mercury resistance operons in gram-negative bacteria](http://2015.igem.org/Team:SCUT/BackgroundOverview)
* [genetic circuit for time-controlled apoptosis of ecoli](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Technion_HS_Israel)
* [cas9-recombinase hybrid for data storage in ecoli using light-switchable genetic circuits](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua/Description)
* [antibiotic sensor for river samples](http://2015.igem.org/Team:USTC/Description)
* [tumor detection using glucose concentration sensor](http://2015.igem.org/Team:WHU-Pharm)
* [drug addiction treatment using exosomes expressing a rabies viral glycoprotein peptide targeting neural cells on the exosomal membrane surface, filled with siRNA of the mu opioid receptor (MOR) and injecting these exosomes into mouse bloodstream](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NJU-China)
* [Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 for mass production of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) for mitigating prolonged inflammations related to tissue regeneration and healing chronic wounds such as diabetic wounds](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Nankai)
* [ecoli photosynthesis; chlorophyll biosynthesis and most of the photosystem-II genes](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Macquarie_Australia/Description)
* [formaldehyde biosensor and degradation of formaldehyde](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Jilin_China)
* [mycobacterium tuberculosis sensor using a cell cycle hijacking method based on carotenoids](http://2015.igem.org/Team:IISER_Pune/Projects)
* [Azotobacter vinelandii for synthesis of magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Hong_Kong-CUHK/Team)
* [ecoli synthesis of cellulase](http://2015.igem.org/Team:HAFS-Korea/Purpose)
* [sensor of quorum sensing signaling molecule acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Elan_Vital_Korea/Project_Overview)
* [enzymatic biofuel cell using glucose oxidase and laccase and waste water](http://2015.igem.org/Team:CHINA_CD_UESTC/Description)
* [thrombin and aptamers on cell surfaces for detection of specific yet arbitrary macromolecules](http://2015.igem.org/Team:BIT/Biology)
* [optogenetics (CRY2/CIB1) for large-scale proudction of potentially-toxic metabolites by preventing the final synthesis step](http://2015.igem.org/Team:ANU-Canberra/background)
* [synthetic bacterial organelles (endosymbionts) that invade other host cells](http://2015.igem.org/Team:BABS_UNSW_Australia/overview) ("pHlow system")
* [Arabidopsis resistance to herbicides](http://2015.igem.org/Team:CAU_China/Design)
* [food gluten detection kit](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Danzi_Kesh_8)
* [ecoli production of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) such as thanatin](http://2015.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Description)
* [coupling a computer simulation of an oscillator with optical input from an expressed genetic oscillator](http://2015.igem.org/Team:HZAU-China/Project)
* [RhamCOLIpid: Engineered E. coli producing rhamnolipid (a surfactant) for oil recovery](http://2015.igem.org/Team:ITB_INDONESIA)
* [adding chlorophyll and photosystem II to ecoli for photosynthesis](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Macquarie_Australia/Description)
* [engineered Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 for high-yield mass production of γ-PGA (poly-γ-glutamic acid) for mitigating prolonged inflammations during the process of tissue regeneration or chronic wounds](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Nankai)
* [siRNA-loaded exosomes in mouse bloodstream to deliver an anti-addiction treatment to brain](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NJU-China) ... exosomes (nano-sized vesicles secreted by endogenous cells) with a rabies viral glycoprotein peptide (specifically to recognize and target neuronal cells) on the exosomal membrane surface, injected into mouse blood stream, and efficient passage of siRNA through blood-brain barrier into mouse brain
* [potato resistance to Phytophthora infestans (causes potato late blight) using a competitive inhibitor to Phytophthora infestans protein using defensin, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from maca (Lepidium meyenii)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei)
* [cadmium detection and cadmium adsorption using superficial fiber curli protein CsgA and synthetic phytochelatins (ECs) to remove cadmium ions in waste water](http://2015.igem.org/Team:SCUT/BackgroundOverview)
* [secretion of OMP enzyme to degrade common toxic pesticide residues, for cleaning run-off water](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Shiyan_SY_China)
* [pathogenic bacteria to infect tumors (anaerobic tumor cores) in human bodies](http://2015.igem.org/Team:SPSingapore/Project) ... "The invasin protein from Yersinia is a outer surface protein that induces phagocytosis of the pathogenic Yersinia by mammalian cells in a beta integrin dependent manner ([Wiedemann et al., 2001](http://2015.igem.org/Team:SPSingapore/Invasin#ref)). Whereas the Listerolysin O cytolysin of Listeria moncytogenes is a well documented cytolysin, which allows for lysis of the endosome vacuole by the pathogen after entry into a mammalian cell (Dramsi & Cossart, 2002). This facilitates endosomal escape of the bacteria. When these two proteins are coupled together, they can confer non-pathogenic bacteria with suitable features to serve as a drug delivery vector to the cytoplasm."
* dunno what this one is about, <http://2015.igem.org/Team:Tianjin>
* [miRNA toehold switch sensor](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua-A)
* [RNA thermometer and temperature sensor](http://2015.igem.org/Team:XJTLU-CHINA/Description#J1)
* [activation of CRISPR/Cas9-based system in the presence of cancer and specific promoters, activation of suicide genes](http://2015.igem.org/Team:BGU_Israel)
* [yeast with interleukin 8 receptor, a sensor for oral cavity cancer detection](http://2015.igem.org/Team:CGU_Taiwan/Description)
* [acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) sensor for quorum sensing, to detect antibiotic-resistant bacteria](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Elan_Vital_Korea/Project_Overview)
* [ecoli production of cellulase](http://2015.igem.org/Team:HAFS-Korea/Design)
* [Azotobacter vinelandii production of magnetosomes, as a host for testing oxygen-sensitive proteins and organelles](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Hong_Kong-CUHK/Team)
* [tuberculosis sensor](http://2015.igem.org/Team:IISER_Pune/Projects)
* [formaldehyde sensor and degradation](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Jilin_China/Description)
* [fire retardant protein, SR protein (serine/arginine splicing factor)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Mingdao/Project)
* [Single Chain Variable Fragment (scFv), a fusion protein from the variable regions of antibodies/immunoglobulins, which can be displayed on cell surfaces for antigen binding and sensing](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NCTU_Formosa/Description)
* [Lactobacillus casei as a probiotic using either cell penetrading peptides or endocytosis, to deliver peptide YY, a gastrointestinal hormone that can decrease human appetite](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NTU-LIHPAO-Taiwan/Description)
* [self-sustaining Aedes aegypti mosquito trap using ecoli production of indole and lactic acid, and chitinase to digest mosquito exoskeleton](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NYU-AD)
* [tetracycline sensor](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Scut-Champion-Park/Project/Overview)
* [expression of halorhodopsin in cyanobacteria, desalination of water using a light-driven chloride pump](http://2015.igem.org/Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai)
* [bacteriocins (antimicrobial peptides) for defense against infections and diseases in the gastrointestinal tract, such as against Pseudomonas aeruginosa](http://2015.igem.org/Team:SVCE_Chennai/Project)
* [expression of suicide genes in bladder cancer cells](http://2015.igem.org/Team:SZU_China/Background)
* [dengue virus particle sensor using scFv](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UB_Indonesia)
* [activator/inhibitor turing pattern expression system using diffusion](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UT-Tokyo/Project#introduction)
* [avermectin overexpression to kill termites](http://2015.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Project)

* [ecoli conversion of methanol to glycogen, using methanol as a carbon source in a bioreactor](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Aachen/Project/Overview)
* [urease-catalase thermoregulatory system for temperature detection and enzyme expression](http://2015.igem.org/Team:AUC_TURKEY/Description)
* [openscope: a 3d printed microscope](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Cambridge-JIC/Downloads)
* [sensors for various bodily fluids at crime scenes](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Dundee/Forensic_Toolkit/FluID), [using squalene to identify the age of fingerprints](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Dundee/Forensic_Toolkit/Fingerprints), [chromate to detect metal residue on bones](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Dundee/Forensic_Toolkit/Chromate)
* [riboswitch using RNA toeholds to detect bovine tuberculosis](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Exeter)
* [Bacillus subtilis biofilm for reverse electrodialysis as a cation exchange membrane](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Groningen)
* [complex diffusion-based expression patterns using cells expressing adherins and repeling other cell types](http://2015.igem.org/Team:KU_Leuven) using a [acyl-homoserine lactone (OHHL) signal](http://2015.igem.org/Team:KU_Leuven/Research/Idea)
* [cell-free protein matrix with a functionalized surface to target specific nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract, to remove nutrients from the human gut](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Marburg)
* [bacterial biofilm degradation in human body](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Oxford/Description)
* [generation and screening of a peptide aptamer library using ecoli and random nucleotide libraries using an optimized, enzymatic inactive version of human thioredoxin (hTrx) as the scaffold protein](http://2015.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark/Tour10) "Therefore we propose an alternative to antibodies; peptide aptamers – produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The variable loop of the peptide aptamer is generated through a random nucleotide library and held together by an optimized, enzymatic inactive version of human Thioredoxin (hTrx) used as a scaffold protein. We are using the bacterial two-hybrid system to generate and, at the same time, screen for peptide aptamers with desired properties."
* [production of artemisinin for anti-malaria, also a pathway for the production of dihydroartemisinic acid, a direct precursor to artemisinin](http://2015.igem.org/Team:TrinityCollegeDublin)
* [clickable outer membrane biosensors (COMBs): an aptamer-based system where the proteins feature loops protruding from the bacterial outer membrane surface, and intracellular C-termini](http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven/Project/Design)
* [Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 electron transport pathway Mtr transplanted into ecoli for converting organic carbon sources into electrical energy](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Westminster)
* [ecoli production of propane, degradation of cellulose](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Aalto-Helsinki/Project)
* [flagella with cellulose degradation proteins and other proteins attached to the flagellum](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Berlin/Project)
* [GPC receptor Ste2 fusion receptor for the detection of bioreactor contaminants, and a DNA repair system from Deinococcus radiodurans for radiation resistance in bioreactors](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Chalmers-Gothenburg)
* [cell-free, paper based biosensor for testing the purity of heroin, and testing for contaminants in MDMA and diet pills](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh)
* [histodone modifying domain and the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system to target DNA sequences and use demethylase](http://2015.igem.org/Team:FAU_Erlangen/Description) (TALE-SpyTag stuff?)
* [production of microRNA 2911 from Lonicera japonica (honeysuckle) as a "virological penicillin" to treat influenza](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Hamburg)
* [upregulation of nadD, nadE and PncB enzymes in ecoli in the human gut to treat neurodegenerative diseases and regeneration of muscle fibers](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Leicester/Description)
* [ecoli production of riboflavin (vitamin B2)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Paris_Bettencourt/Project/VitaminB2), [yeast production of vitamin A](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Paris_Bettencourt/Project/VitaminA), [riboswitch sensor of cobalamin (vitamin B12)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Paris_Bettencourt/Project/VitaminB12), [knock-down of PHO80 and PHO85 in yeast to increase the production of phytase and mineral bioavailability](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Paris_Bettencourt/Project/Phytase)
* [conversion of butyryl-CoA to butanol from Clostridium acetobutylicum](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Slovenia_HS)
* [Cre recombinase controlled by light; permanently writing sensor state into DNA, using a reversibly activatable Cre recombinase](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen/Description)
* [an alternative protein expression system (not pET expression system)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UAM_Poznan/Parts)
* [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sensor and degradation](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Uppsala/Description)
* [removal of phosphates from waste water](http://2015.igem.org/Team:York)
* [chewing gum degradation, rubber polymer degradation, using laccase, lipoxygenase or latex clearing protein (LCP), and a cytochrome C](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille)
* [cell-free protein detection system using a plasmid repressor interaction assay and cell-free protein synthesis](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec/Project/PRIA)
* [plasmids for real-time PCR and digital PCR, as an alternative to using a thermocycling machine](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Cork_Ireland) "Our project is a novel bacterial method of DNA detection. We've developed a customisable, linearised, double stranded plasmid with two sticky overhangs. When the sticky overhangs come into contact with a target sequence, the binding of the DNA sequence to the overhangs circularises the plasmid. The circularised plasmid is then transformed into competent e. coli cells. Bacterial growth of green fluorescent colonies indicates a positive result, confirming presence of complementary DNA target sequence. This system could act as a cheap alternative to digital and real time PCR, as target DNA fragments are amplified in living cells without use of a costly PCR machine."
* [dCas9 as a synthetic transcription factor, by fusing a catalytically-inactive dCas9 to a RNA polymerase (RNAP) recruiting element, to either activate or inhibit transcription using programmable guide RNA](http://2015.igem.org/Team:EPF_Lausanne/Project/Description)
* [antibody microfluidic chip for sensors and diagnostics, also a cell-free protein expression system(?)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Freiburg/Project/System)
* [various aptamer and aptabody things?](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Heidelberg)
* [peanut allergen sensor kit](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Linkoping_Sweden)
* [gluten subunut destruction using ecoli, for celiac disease](http://2015.igem.org/Team:METU_Turkey)
* [ecoli containment using silica beads](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Paris_Saclay/Description#physical)
* [ecoli production of resins for stereolithography 3d printing using UV light and micromirror array](http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Darmstadt/Project)
* [gut bacteria to influence human mood and brain conditions](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UCL/Effectors) such as to produce acetylcholine in the gut and other neurotransmitters
* [a cell chasis for the production of multiple possible compounds, using a 2^n decoder based on temporal input of n different optical inputs (also using recombinase and memory switches)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Valencia_UPV/Description)
* [bacteriophage lambda chassis to change its host affinity](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Birkbeck) virus stuff
* ["identify a single cell with a surface marker profile, out of millions" for tumor cell motility diagnostic testing](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Czech_Republic)
* [bioluminescence lux operon turned off during the day as a children's toy](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Glasgow)
* [yeast chasis for homebrew beer, to produce beer with novel flavors, scents, colors and bioluminescence](http://2015.igem.org/Team:London_Biohackspace/about-us)
* [ecoli production in gut of short chain fatty acids such as butyrate to nduce apoptosis in colon cancer cells](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NRP-UEA-Norwich)
* [degrade polyethylene terephthalate and use the degradation products to synthesize erythromycin, an antibiotic](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Pasteur_Paris)
* [human scalp bacteria to secrete DHT-reducing enzymes for hair loss protection maybe](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel/Project/Overview)
* [3d printer for biofilms](http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft/Description)
* [methane to methanol to biomass](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UiOslo_Norway)
* [ColiClock: cell life span countdown clock using CRISPR-Cas system and LuxR/cl recombinase](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Vilnius-Lithuania)
* [artificial pathogen against H. pylori ulcers in human stomach](http://2015.igem.org/Team:ATOMS-Turkiye/Project)
* [production of curdlan for plant defense upregulation](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Bordeaux)
* [recombination system for design and production of synthetic non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) using MAGE](http://2015.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark/Project/Overview)
* [DNA programmed cell assembly using cell-cell binding surface proteins](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Warwick) and expression of zinc finger proteins on the surface of ecoli cell membranes
* [anti-freeze protein in moss, for "space moss" to survive on Mars](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UNIK_Copenhagen/Description)
* [modified phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE) specifically for protein interactions](http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Dresden/Project)
* [self-assembling conductive amyloid nanowire by harnessing an endogenous amyloid export system in ecoli, using a fusion protein](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Kent/Description)
* [DopaDoser: ecoli production of L-DOPA for parkinsons](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Manchester-Graz/Description)
* [glucose sensor for Pseudomonas putida](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NTNU_Trondheim/Description)
* [formic acid to attack varroa on bees](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Toulouse/Description)
* [optical control of chromoprotein production](http://2015.igem.org/Team:BIOSINT_Mexico)
* [yeast production of graphene](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Tec_Guadalajara)
* [rubber degradation using rubber oxygenase (RoxA) and Lcp (latex clearing protein)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Brasil-USP)
* [carbon nanotubes for DNA transfection of cells](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Tec-Chihuahua)
* [modification of circadian clock in cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Uniandes_Colombia/Project)
* [DNA as a water purification device](http://2015.igem.org/Team:TecCEM/Description)
* [glucose sensor simulation](http://2015.igem.org/Team:CCA_SanDiego)
* [DNA synthesis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Cooper_Union/DeNovoSynthesis)
* [detection of antibiotic resistance, and a cheapened version of openpcr](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Duke/Description)
* [multichromatic optical protein expression system in ecoli, using different wavelengths of light](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Hamilton_McMaster)
* [RNA interference against an agricultural fungal disease caused by Fusarium graminearum, fusarium head blight](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Design)
* [ecoli to produce snake viper anti-venom](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Missouri_Columbia/Description)
* [ecoli production of keritinase for the degradation of keratin in hair and feathers from waste water](http://2015.igem.org/Team:OLS_Canmore_AB_CA)
* [antifreeze protein scaffold](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Queens_Canada)
* [analysis of various antifreeze proteins](http://2015.igem.org/Team:WPI-Worcester)
* ["microbial sunscreen" using mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:SF_Bay_Area_DIYBio)
* [recording analog signals using a bacterial tape recorder using the SCRIBE (Synthetic Cellular Recorders Integrating Biological Events) system](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UIUC_Illinois)
* [regulating activity of recombinases, integrases and saCas9 using conditional dimerization of split protein halves](http://2015.igem.org/Team:BostonU)
* [inhibition of angiogenesis](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Central_Calgary/project#ourVision)
* [production of a peptide called flavocide suspended in a biodegradable copolymer that is toxic to Flavobacterium psychrophilum](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Cornell/overview)
* [bacterial adhesion and binding, like type 1 pili, Fim system, FimF, FimG, etc.](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Harvard_BioDesign/Project)
* [production of ocimene to slow fungal growth](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Missouri_Rolla)
* [production of sclerotite (as a novel concrete) from sclerotin like in arthropod exoskeleton](http://2015.igem.org/Team:PacificU-Oregon)
* [regulation of expression of mitochondrial ribosomes, to disable aerobic respiration](http://2015.igem.org/Team:RHIT)
* [general fluid handling robot](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Sherbrooke/Description)
* [bacterial secretion of chitinase as a fungicide](http://2015.igem.org/Team:TP_CC-SanDiego)
* [an alternative to antibiotic selection based on the Hok-Sok toxin-antitoxin system, a natural internal maintenance cassette relying on internal mRNA silencing](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UMaryland/Description)
* [phage/virus resistance for Lactococcus lactis, a commonly-used cheese starter bacteria](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Utah_State)
* [re-engineering of CRISPR-Cas9, such as mutations in cas9 PAM domain and restriction sites added to the sgRNA backbone](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Waterloo)
* [a workflow for the design, construction, and testing of MAGE and CRISPR technologies into non-model prokaryotes](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Yale)
* [neonicotinoid-degrading bacteria for bee hives as an anti-pesiticide](http://2015.igem.org/Team:British_Columbia)
* [gut bacteria to deliver glucagon-peptide 1 (Glp-1), ghrelin, peptide yy (PYY), using type II secretion pathway](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Columbia_NYC/Description)
* [ecoli production of trans-zeatin from used frying oil](http://2015.igem.org/Team:CSU_Fort_Collins)
* [ecoli production of chitinite using the chitin deacetylase gene from yeast](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Lambert_GA)
* [aptapaper: freeze-dried cell-free paper-based transcription and translation for protein detection](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Michigan)
* [a co-culture using a synthetic communication pathway between cells](http://2015.igem.org/Team:MIT)
* [cell-cell communication using bioluminescence and photoreceptors](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Penn)
* [DNA origami for space exploration](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Stanford-Brown/Projects)
* [cas9 for increased transformation efficiency](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Stanford-Brown/CRATER)
* [cellular penetration capability protein using Clostridium difficile toxin B (tcdB), for the delivery of Cas9-gRNA into a cell for genome editing](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Tufts/Description) "C. diff toxin B (tcdB) is a marvelously evolved protein, dedicated to crossing cell membranes. Though massive in size, it binds to carbohydrate receptors on the cell membrane and forces it to undergo endocytosis, enclosing the toxin inside a vesicle. Typically such endosomes have lowered pH to degrade their contents, tcdB however undergoes a conformational change at low pH. The toxin forms a pore in the membrane of the endosome, then releases its payload into the cytosol. In nature, this consists of a lethal glucosyltransferase domain (6). By rendering this region atoxic by mutating catalytic residues, tcdB is rendered nontoxic and becomes a potential vehicle for crossing the cell membrane. Atoxic C. diff toxin B (atcdB) has demonstrated the ability to transport a small alkyltransferase protein across the cell membrane, which was connected to the former position of the glucosyltransferase domain with a glycine-serine linker and successfully released into the cell (7)."
* [bacterial extracellular enzyme display scaffold](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Concordia/Description)
* [naphthalene sensor](http://2015.igem.org/Team:CU_Boulder/Description)
* [synthetic protein design to catalyze the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction in conditions where free copper is scarce](http://2015.igem.org/Team:GeorgiaTech)
* [carbon monoxide sensor](http://2015.igem.org/Team:LASATX)
* [protein motifs to generate colors upon interaction with silver staining reagents during SDS-PAGE](http://2015.igem.org/Team:NAIT_Edmonton/Desc)
* [low pH survival using cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) synthesis as a response to acid stress](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Santa_Clara)
* [human blood + ecoli production of proteins to block the kidney from reabsorbing glucose from urine](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Stony_Brook)
* [bacteria to reduce the effects of jet lag and sleeping disorders](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UChicago) unfortunately this is using ecoli production of melatonin in the human gut, using the 24-hour circadian rhythm-generating KaiABC system oscillator from cyanobacteria
* [optimization of metabolic pathway for bioluminescence by luciferase](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UC_San_Diego/Description)
* [ecoli resistance to copper toxicity, using a gene for yeast metallothionein](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UMBC-Maryland/Description)
* [characterization of variability of expression of average strength promoters](http://2015.igem.org/Team:William_and_Mary)
* [open-source arduino-based fluorimeter](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Carnegie_Mellon/Device)
* [xylene sensor, to dtect aromatic hydrocarbons found in soil](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Consort_Alberta)
* [ecoli production of anthocyanin, which produces a blue phenotype](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Dalhousie_Halifax_NS/Why)
* [ecoli production of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) synthase to make cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic constituent of cannabis plant which can be found in CBD oil, useful for various treatments](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Georgia_State/Project#Thing2)
* [scale-up of algae production of antibodies (multiple kg of antibodies)](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Northeastern_Boston/Description)
* [multipurpose biomaterials from synthetic silk fibers](http://2015.igem.org/Team:UCLA)
* [yeast on paper as a biosensor for detection of toxins in shellfish buckets](http://2015.igem.org/Team:Washington)
* [searching for bacteriophages specific to gastrointestinal tract ToIC (outer-membrane efflux pore protein) which blocks the action of antibiotics](http://2015.igem.org/Team:WLC-Milwaukee)

from <http://igem.org/Team_Wikis?year=2015>

<div id="igem-2016" />
## 2016

<https://twitter.com/kanzure/status/810643477692301312>

* [aptamers to tether chlorophyll to graphene plates, as a solar power device](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Pretoria_UP)
* [threshold sensor of plasmid production in cell culture, to kill off "slackers"](http://2016.igem.org/Team:BIT-China/Design#threshold_device)
* [ecoli cell surface display, using an N-terminal region ice nucleation protein anchor, for mercury remediation](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Lanzhou)
* [ecoli production of farnesol, a food flavor preservative](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Nagahamaac)
* [cell-cell communication using autoinducer-2 (AI-2) signalling molecule production, autoinducer-2 sensor, and autoinducr-2 quorum sensing](http://2016.igem.org/Team:NKU_China/Description)
* [recycling carbon dioxide on spacecrafts using ecoli and formaldehyde](http://2016.igem.org/Team:NWPU/Description)
* [carbon monoxide sensor, nitrogen oxide sensor](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Peshawar)
* [ELISA plate to test for penicillin and antiobitics in meat products and other foods](http://2016.igem.org/Team:SDSZ_China)
* [ethlyene sensor to measure fruit ripening](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Sydney_Australia/Sense)
* [biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles to deliver glutathione reductase (GSR) and 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) to counteract the accumulation of crystallin proteins in the lens (cataracts)](http://2016.igem.org/Team:TAS_Taipei)
* [cell surface display of PET hydrolase (PETase) to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics](http://2016.igem.org/Team:TJUSLS_China/Description)
* [protein dimerization for fluorescent proteins and regulation](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua-A)
* [customizable outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), fluorescent protein display on OMV surfaces](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UNSW_Australia/Description)
* [different gene expression in ecoli based on number of generations](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UT-Tokyo/Project#introduction)
* [more PETase and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation](http://2016.igem.org/Team:ASIJ_Tokyo/Description)
* [calcium ion channel to soften hard water](http://2016.igem.org/Team:BNDS_China)
* [various mosquito toxins like Cry and Cyt genes](http://2016.igem.org/Team:FAFU-CHINA)
* [self-assembling peptides (SAPs), such as a ring of GFP proteins using disulfide bonds](http://2016.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU_Japan/Overview)
* [signal filter using regulatory gene expression elements](http://2016.igem.org/Team:HUST-China)
* [ecoli production of spider silk protein Masp2](http://2016.igem.org/Team:IIT_Kharagpur) "We are targeting the mass production of spider silk protein Masp2 and a mechanism to extract it without the need of cell lysis. At present, we are restricting our idea up to monomer production, rather than thread production."
* [photosynthesis in an oxygen-isolated system, using surface display and silicon encapsulation](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Nanjing-China)
* [agricultural pesticide using "pantide" from spider toxins](http://2016.igem.org/Team:NCTU_Formosa/Design#pantide)
* [production of astaxanthin in rice](http://2016.igem.org/Team:SCAU-China/Description)
* [biofilm for solar power production](http://2016.igem.org/Team:ShanghaitechChina)
* [fast re-epithelialization of skin wounds using a fusion protein basd on SDF1 (topical stromal cell-derived growth factor-1) and ELP (elastin-like peptides)](http://2016.igem.org/Team:SMS_Shenzhen)
* [coupling cell cycle to fluorescence and color, using recombinases, 'cell cycle rainbow'](http://2016.igem.org/Team:SYSU-CHINA)
* [urine glucose sensor](http://2016.igem.org/Team:TCU_Taiwan/Description)
* [visual selection system based on visual phenotype of colonies](http://2016.igem.org/Team:TMMU_China)
* [ecoli degradation of antibiotics in waste water and rivers](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UCAS)
* [cell-free reprogrammable protein expression system using freeze-dried genetic circuits on filter paper](http://2016.igem.org/Team:BGIC_China/Description)
* [microtubule + luciferase fusion protein](http://2016.igem.org/Team:BNU-China/Design)
* [fluorescent DNA nanostructures that look for spcific microRNA/miRNA targets in vivo](2016.igem.org/Team:Hong_Kong_HKUa)
* [bacterial motility and colony shape patterning](http://2016.igem.org/Team:HZAU-China/Description)
* [more PETase stuff](http://2016.igem.org/Team:KoreaSonyeodul/Design)
* [hydrogen production from photosynthesis pathway and hydrogenase](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Macquarie_Australia/Description)
* [algae bloom control by down-regulation of GvpA gas vesicle protein which provides cyanobacteria with buoyancy](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Nanjing_NFLS)
* [magnetosome-based protein purification using Spytag and Spycatcher and Mms13 protein](http://2016.igem.org/Team:NEFU_China/Descriptiona) "Our team developed a novel protein purification approach that eliminates most weaknesses of other techniques. Our method is based on the highly specific recognition and covalent conjugation between Spytag (a peptide with 13 amino acids) and Spycatcher (a peptide with 116 amino acids). We also take the advantage of a magnetic bacterium AMB-1 that can produce magnet particles, also called Magnetosome, covered by a bilayer phospholipid membrane, in which Mms13 protein is anchored. We generate Spycatcher-Mms13 and express this fusion protein in AMB-1 bacteria to make Spycatcher linked to the Magnetosome. A protein of interest with a Spytag at its N- or C-terminus is expressed in E. coli and present in bacterial lysate. The Spycatcher-Mms13-linked Magnetosome can specifically and covalently conjugate to the Spytag-tagged protein in the bacterial lysate and they can be simply co-purified by a magnet. Due to covalent linkage, stringent washing can be used to achieve high purity of the recombinant protein that is subsequently released by cleavage of a designated protease." (also- magnetosome surface display and blue pigment protein)
* [comparitive testing of different Cas9 proteins including Cpf1, for mammalian gene editing](http://2016.igem.org/Team:NTU-Singapore)
* [optimization of mesenchymal stem cells to target inflammation in human body](http://2016.igem.org/Team:SYSU-MEDICINE/Description)
* [reprogramming chemotaxis to respond to new ligands](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Technion_Israel)
* [AHL signalng molecule sensor and M13 phage with sRNA casettes to kill pathogenic ecoli in food products](http://2016.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/Description)
* [T cell immune response stimulation via macrophage parasite to increase immune system inflammation response to specific antigens](http://2016.igem.org/Team:CGU_Taiwan)
* [HHL1 protein to reduce light-induced damage to plants](http://2016.igem.org/Team:CGU_Taiwan)
* [two-phase bioreactor where cells only begin producing protein once signalling says they have reached a certain concentration level](http://2016.igem.org/Team:IISc_Bangalore/Description)
* [in vivo production of star-like peptides in ecoli, as a method of enzyme co-localization in hydrogels](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Melbourne)
* [optical control of tCas9 using CRY2 and CIBN to transcriptional activator VP64 and the catalytic domain of tCas9](http://2016.igem.org/Team:NEU-China/Description)
* [degradation of 3-phenoxybenzoate (3-PBA)](http://2016.igem.org/Team:NAU-CHINA/Description)
* [microRNA detection using cas9 or something?](http://2016.igem.org/Team:NUDT_CHINA/Description)
* [hepatitis C biosensor using paper-based synthetic gene networks](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Shenzhen_SFLS)
* [directed evolution to improve sound sensing CHO cells](http://2016.igem.org/Team:SUSTech_Shenzhen/Description)
* [cystic fibrosis treatments using cas9, via inhalation into lungs, using cholera](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Tel-Hai/Design)
* [photothermal ablation of tumors using gold nanorods](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Tongji_Shanghai/Description)
* [software for data storage in DNA](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UESTC-software/Description)
* [genetic oscillators and quorum sensing autoinducrs, using fluorescence and gene circuits that switch out the currently active circuits based on optical input](http://2016.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China)
* [production of tanshinone to fight cardiovascular disease](http://2016.igem.org/Team:CIEI-BJ/Description#description)
* [degradation of uric acid to urea using urate oxidase, allantoinase, and allantoicase](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Gifu)
* [bacterial production of cinnamaldehyde and phenylpyruvic acid to repel nematodes](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Hong_Kong_UCCKE)
* [RNA inducible boolean-like output switches for better control over gene expression](http://2016.igem.org/Team:IIT-Madras)
* [miRNA sensor of alzheimers disease, reporting by fluorescence](http://2016.igem.org/Team:JNFLS_China/Proof)
* [ecoli surface capture of norovirus from human gut intestinal tract, and expulsion fro the human body](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Kyoto/Description)
* [ecoli surface display of alcohol oxidase to produce an electronic signal to determine blood alcohol content levels](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Mingdao)
* [urine glucose sensor (again)](http://2016.igem.org/Team:NCKU_Tainan)
* [secretion of exosomes with surface display of iRGD to target tumor cells](http://2016.igem.org/Team:NJU-China/Project_Design#Targeting_Module)
* [protein polymer biomaterial for the capture of uranyl ions, also interaction with biotinylated magnetic beads](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Peking)
* [freeze-dried yeast powder as a biosensor for glucose and epinephrine](http://2016.igem.org/Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai/Yeast_biosensor_as_freeze-dried_powders)
* [cationic antimicrobial peptides (cAMPs) to increase the shelf life of milk](http://2016.igem.org/Team:SVCE_CHENNAI/Overview)
* [hydrogen production in green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii switched on and off by blue-light induced microRNA](http://2016.igem.org/Team:SZU-China)
* [even more PETase stuff](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Tianjin)
* [suvCas9 system (cas9, sgRNA, and a mRNA recognition system) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to monitor for mutations in genomic sequence](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua/Experiments)
* [DNA vaccine backbone stuff](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UI-Indonesia/Description)
* [ecoli production of hypotaurine](http://2016.igem.org/Team:BIOSINT_Mexico)
* [endolysins (instead of antimicrobial peptides) to perform cell wall lysis of the pathogenic Acinetobacter baumannii](http://2016.igem.org/Team:TecCEM)
* [V. fischeri bioluminescence lux genes, for a bioluminescent reading lamp](http://2016.igem.org/Team:ColegioFDR_Peru)
* [degradation of lignin, using lignin proxidase, as a bleaching method for the paper industry](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Saint_Rose_School_B)
* [an attempt at silk production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and also a DIY centrifuge](http://2016.igem.org/Team:USP_UNIFESP-Brazil)
* [biofilm sensor and anti-infection wound patch](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Guanajuato_Mx/Project)
* [bioremediation of estrogen](http://2016.igem.org/Team:TEC_GenetiX_CCM/Description)
* [Cas9 to detect a long non-coding RNA as a sensor for prostate cancer detection](http://2016.igem.org/Team:TEC-Costa_Rica/Project/System)
* [genome sequencing of a bacteria resistant to mercury from the Amazon forest](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UFAM-UEA_Brazil)
* [Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Chromobacterium violaceum, for recovering metals from the electronics waste ("e-waste")](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Tec-Monterrey/Description)
* [DNA clamps to reduce genetic interference from nearby active genes](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Alverno_CA)
* [cas9 to deactivate the ArcAB-TolC efflux pump system in bacteria, disabling antibiotic resistance](http://2016.igem.org/Team:CAPS_Kansas)
* [microfluidics + livestreamed microorganism battles from a microscope slide](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Concordia)
* [fluorimeter, optical density sensor, DNA concentration meter, incubator, refrigerated centrifuge, yeast dryer](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Denver_Biolabs/Description) and [oxytocin sensor and production of a more stable form of oxytocin](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Denver_Biolabs/Description)
* [tardigrade proteins for bacterial resistance to desiccation](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Genspace)
* [protein degradation tags and protease, especially to fine-tune biosensors](http://2016.igem.org/Team:LambertGA/Design)
* [DARPins expressed on Lactobacillus brevis cell surface to bind and target tumors in the gastrointestinal cancer, and then using quorum sensing to trigger production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a T cell activating cytokine](http://2016.igem.org/Team:McMasterU)
* [recombinases as a form of genetic memory](http://2016.igem.org/Team:MIT/Experiments/Recombinases), [estrogen sensor, progesterone sensor, and receptors using synthetic promoters to detect endometriosis](http://2016.igem.org/Team:MIT/Experiments/Promoters)
* [keratin degradation and kertinase stuff (again)](http://2016.igem.org/Team:OLS_Canmore)
* [photoacoustic imaging in the gut using ecoli expression of the bacterial pigment violacein and near-infrared fluorescent proteins iRFP670 and iRFP713](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Rice/Wet_Lab)
* [genetic engineering of biomaterials for high-altitude weather balloons and space exploration](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Stanford-Brown)
* [harvesting the cellular penetration capabilities of toxin B from the Clostridium difficile bacteria (TcdB), which is capable of entering epithelial cells, for the delivery of cas9](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Tufts)
* [in vivo production of fatty acid methyl esters in cyanobacteria utilizing the insect methyltransferase, DmJHAMT](http://2016.igem.org/Team:ULV-LC-CV)
* [pathway to convert perchlorate into oxygen gas](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UrbanTundra_Edmonton/Overview)
* [containment system based on a modified leucyl tRNA synthetase enzyme, using a modified leucine amino acid](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Virginia)
* [modulation of translation of different genetic circuits, using ribosome binding sites, promoters, etc.](http://2016.igem.org/Team:William_and_Mary/Descriptiona)
* [cell-cell communication, characterization of a variety of different quorum sensing systems based on  N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs)](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Arizona_State)
* [using cas9 as a strong transcription regulator using catalytically-inactive dCas9-VPR complex](http://2016.igem.org/Team:BostonU/Design)
* [ethanol bioremediation in runoff waste water](http://2016.igem.org/Team:CCA_SanDiego)
* [ecoli production of 13 different bacteriocins to target common and historically significant mastitis-causing pathogens, to treat bovine mastitis](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Cornell_NY/defaulthome)
* [taxol production for anti-cancer reasons](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Duke)
* [production of mambalgin, production of lethal toxin-neutralizing factor LNTF-10 and LNTF-15, serum derivatives o Didelphis virginiana (North American opossum)](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Georgia_State/Description)
* [investigation of pathogens in EMS vehicles using DNA sequencing](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge)
* [aptapaper: aptamer-based proximity-dependent ligation (NASBA) and in vitro transcription and translation to produce enzymatic reporter protein providing a colorimetric output, to signal the presence of a protein biomarker](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Michigan) "will provide a lower cost alternative to western blotting and ELISA"
* [increase cold resistance, freezing resistance and cold adaptation to cyanobacteria using lipid desaturase protein (desA) able to increase cold-growth tolerance, and Arabidopsis thaliana SFR2 protein to remodel the membrane lipid bilayer by increasing the hydrophilic domain of galactolipid](http://2016.igem.org/Team:MSU-Michigan/Design)
* [paper-based synthetic gene network to detect the presence of a metal, either lead or thallium](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Pittsburgh)
* [detecting GPC1 through an identified binding partner Cripto-1 (CR-1), a membrane anchored protein co-receptor implicated in tumor cell, using exosomal GPC1](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Stony_Brook/Description)
* [yeast KaiABC oscillation and circadian rhythm system and control of gene expression](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UChicago/Description)
* [color pigmentation using GAF domain of cyanobacteriochrome (CBCR) proteins as an alternative to artificial food dyes](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UC_Davis)
* [methane sequestration, and DIY -80 C freezer design](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UMaryland/projects), see [freezer construction plans](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UMaryland/Hardware#construction)
* [conotoxin sensor and response for bacteria in the respiratory system](http://2016.igem.org/Team:USNA-Annapolis/Project)
* [yeast culture control system based on color signals (violacein pathway) that cause computer system to release other chemicals into culture](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Washington)
* [bacteriophage therapy to detect and kill Serratia marcescens, a coral reef pathogen, particularly looking for pathogens of the ToIC protein](http://2016.igem.org/Team:WLC-Milwaukee) "the goal being to isolate bacteriophages without having to use any pathogenic bacteria in the lab."
* [kombucha characterization and "designer kombucha"](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Austin_UTexas/Description)
* [continuous flow microfluidics design tool](http://2016.igem.org/Team:BostonU_HW)
* [quorum sensing and autoinducers to control cyanobacteria production in bioreactors](http://2016.igem.org/Team:CSU_Fort_Collins)
* [Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 and shuttle vectors during log phase for simple biobricks usage, "We will show that A. baylyi can be transformed with recombinant DNA simply by adding ligation reactions to mid-log cultures."](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Emory/Description)
* [plastic sensing feedback device, to give indications as to where plastic exists in the ocean, including PETase to degrade the plastic](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Harvard_BioDesign)
* [ecoli production of blood clotting factors from Cerastes cerastes snake venom](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge_HS)
* [ecoli phosphorus remediation from water](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Purdue)
* [self-assembling protein cages capable of cleavage by thrombin proteases at blood clot sites, pre-loaded with anticoagulant drugs](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UCLA/Protein_Cages)
* [contact-dependent inhibition (CDI) systems as an alternative to antibiotics, explored through Lambda--red recombineering](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UCLA/Super_Soldier_Bacteria)
* [characterization of impact on protein expression by RNA sequences with known secondary structures](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UMass-Dartmouth/Description)
* [ecoli production of aromatic aldehydes from toxic precursors using TOL pathway](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UT-Knoxville)
* [overexpression/overproduction of ATP](http://2016.igem.org/Team:WashU_StLouis)
* [plant biomass degradation, such as from large amounts of lignocellulose, using surface display of cellulases on Caulobacter crescentus](http://2016.igem.org/Team:British_Columbia)
* [ecoli production of ethanolamine utilization compartment (EUT), a simple bacterial microcompartment, which requires minimal genes and can assemble and disassemble by the introducing a non-natural amino acid into the outer shell protein](http://2016.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder) using azo-phenylalanine (similar to azobenzene)
* [a tool to convert images of colonies into sound](http://2016.igem.org/Team:EMW_Street_Bio)
* [synthetic collagen scaffold infused with platelet drived growth factor (PDGF) and aprotinin to induce healing of chronic wounds](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Lubbock_TTU/Description)
* [Cas9 gene drive and recovery drive induced using tetracycline](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Minnesota)
* [ecoli surface display of a copper binding protein, for copper remediation](http://2016.igem.org/Team:NorthernBC/Description)
* [investigation of indigoidine tagging of nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) and investigation of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS)](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Queens_Canada)
* [cyanobacterial production of tetrapyrrolic dye molecules such as heme, chlorophyll, and phycocyanobilin (PCB), and also BODIPY, a dipyrrin-containing derivative](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Ryerson_Toronto/Description)
* [gold sensor, and deep learning to find novel genes for gold biomineralization](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Toronto)
* [thallium bioremediation using an uptake system based on overexpression of the endogenous Trk protein complex (trkA, trkE, trkG and trkH)](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UConn)
* [ribosomal binding site library](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UGA-Georgia/Description)
* [software to replace metabolically-risky/mutationally-risky amino acid sequences with alternatives](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Vanderbilt/Software/Algorithm) (such as to prevent a culture over time optimizing by removing synthetic gene networks)
* [using cas9 to overexpress and knock-down prion protein expression, to better investigate prions](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Waterloo)
* [reversible gene editing system using Cas9 to target RNA and avoiding homology-directed repair, using APOBEC1 and ADAR1/2 to enable CRISPR-targeted C-to-U and A-to-I edits to RNA](http://2016.igem.org/Team:WPI_Worcester)
* [yet another PETase project](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Baltimore_BioCrew)
* [production of di-rhamnolipids (naturally produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosas) as a mosquito repellent](http://2016.igem.org/Team:ColumbiaU_NYC/About)
* [mining porcupine feces for turpentine-degrading bacteria](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Dalhousie_Halifax_NS)
* [kill switch based on TetR repressor and colicin](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Gaston_Day)
* [ecoli nitrogenous waste degradation using an ammonia oxidation pathway for waste water treatment and remediation](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Kingsborough_NY)
* [bacteria to fight Pseudogymnoascus destructans, a fungal pathogen of bats, using ocimene, a volatile organic compound, and leupeptin, a protease inhibitor](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Missouri_Rolla)
* [outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) for the delivery of Cas9-complex for gene editing and delivery](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Northwestern)
* [regulation of aerobic respiration in yeast by controlling the expression of mRPS12](http://2016.igem.org/Team:RHIT)
* [tuberculosis sensor using 1-mehtylnapthalene (1-MN) from lung breath output and indigo dye](http://2016.igem.org/Team:SCSU-New_Haven)
* [ecoli secretion of chitinase (a chitinase specific to Fusarium oxysporum, a major pathogenic fungi)](http://2016.igem.org/Team:TP_CC_SanDiego/Description)
* [ecoli production of erythritol, a food sweetener](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UCSC/Extraction)
* [characterization of various new promoters](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UIUC_Illinois/Description)
* [radiation resistance for space exploration through a biotherapeutic transdermal patch to produce and deliver radioprotective peptide mBBI](http://2016.igem.org/Team:UofC_Calgary/Design)
* [MAGE and directed evolution of rhizobacterium for space exploration and legume agriculture on Mars](http://2016.igem.org/Team:Yale/Description)

from <http://igem.org/Team_Wikis?year=2016>

<div id="igem-2017" />
## 2017

<https://twitter.com/kanzure/status/1008398459156811777>

<http://2017.igem.org/Giant_Jamboree/Program/Abstracts>

<http://igem.org/Team_Wikis?year=2017>

* [up-regulation of vacuoles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improved vacuolar ion accumulation (water remediation)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Aachen)
* [CRISPR/cas9 knock-in technique to modulate circRNA and gene expression](http://2017.igem.org/Team:AFCM-Egypt)
* [KILLXYL: phage-like particles to kill plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa, quenching of bacterial quorum sensing using 2-cis-decenoic acid, enzymatic hydrolysis of exo-polysaccharides and biofilms in the xylem vesicles](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Aix-Marseille/Project)
* [metabolic pathways for the synthesis of fumarate from carbon dioxide, fumarate biosensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Amsterdam)
* [expanding the quorum sensing toolbox using homoserine lactones for send and receive (LasR, TraR, RpaR) and a GFP reporter system](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Arizona%20State)
* [colorectal cancer screening kit based on Wnt pathway and beta-catenin](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ASIJ_TOKYO)
* [high production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by a neural probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) to treat patients with anxiety and bowel disorders, via overexpression of glutamate decarboxylase (L-glutamate -> GABA)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Austin%20UTexas)
* [plastic bioremediation: microorganisms for the degradation of microparticles of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), using genes from Ideonella sakaiensis, PETase and MHET](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Baltimore%20Bio-Crew)
* [dCasentry: sgRNA + dCas9 + split T7 RNA polymerase to detect lung cancer in blood samples](http://2017.igem.org/Team:BGIC-Union)
* [volatile organic compound biosensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Bilkent-UNAMBG) (and [again](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Chalmers-Gothenburg)?)
* [MonKeYeast: yeast surface display system also displaying microtubules and flagellar filaments on the yeast cell surface, using the agglutinin system, enlarging the loading capacity by an order of magnitude; substitution of the D3 domain of the FliC protein.](http://2017.igem.org/Team:BNU-Chinahttp://2017.igem.org/Team:BNU-China)
* [optogenetic control of SUP-12 RNA recognition motif for the control of splicing of the unc-60 gene, controlling cell differentiation into muscle](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Bordeaux/Description)
* [various microfluidic chip designs for synthetic biology projects](http://2017.igem.org/Team:BostonU%20HW)
* [bacterial metabolism of nitrogen oxide using cytochrome c nitrite reductase (NrfA), which reduces nitrite to ammonia, and the Nap periplasmic nitrate reductase to convert nitrate to nitrite](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Bristol)
* [CRISPR/Cas9-based directed evolution bacteria strain for accelerated bacterial selection and evolution](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Bulgaria)
* [ecoli to convert human waste excrement to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), a bioplastic; using genes from Ralstonia eutropha and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, for Mars colonization and remediation](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Calgary)
* [expression of human thyroid stimulating hormone antagonist (TSHantag) protein in the tobacco Nicotiana benthamiana to treat Graves disease](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Cardiff%20Wales)
* [saliva testing kit for dental caries](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CCU%20Taiwan)
* [yeast degradation of human food waste using ecoli glutamate snthase (gltB) and trehalose synthesis related genes (ScTPS1, SpTPS1), and also yeast survival in high salnity](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CIEI-China)
* [osmolarity biosensor for oil pipelines](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CMUQ)
* [yeast peroxisomes for the creation of cellular compartmentalization using organelles, relocation of the nootkatone and violacein pathway into peroxisomes](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Cologne-Duesseldorf)
* [redox biosensor using a redox-sensitive fluorescent protein reporter to couple an optogenetic transcriptional circuit to an external optics system, and optimization of oxidative stress by controlling redox-sensitive transcriptional responses with greater precision through an external LED for aquaponics ("oxyponics")](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Cornell)
* [aflatoxin biosensor and degradation of aflatoxin in human intestine](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CSMU%20NCHU%20Taiwan)
* [light-activated open/close switch for bacterial microcompartments and protein microcompartments](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CU-Boulder)
* [ethanol production metabolic pathway using pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Dartmouth)
* [overexpression of bacteriocins for gut microbiome control](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Delaware)
* [griffithsin, antibodies and lectins for pathogen detection and screening](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Duke)
* [forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to improve the absorption spectrum of photosynthetic bacteria](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ECUST)
* [toolkit of site-specific recombinases including a gene randomizer, logic gates, and a pulse generator and an open-source microfluidic device, including synthetic logic gates](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh%20UG/Description)
* [aptasense: aptamers + toehold-switches for detecting viral RNA in patients, using lacZ for signal generation based on Pardee et al system](http://2017.igem.org/Team:EPFL)
* [ecoli that populates tumors, tumor biomarker (lactate) sensor + release of intracellular accumulation of the cytotoxin azurin and MRI contrast agent bacterioferritin; azurin release controlled by ultrasound activation](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ETH%20Zurich)
* [bacterial pili protein (hair-like structures found on cell surface mannose molecules) + fused metal binding proteins to bind to heavy metal ions, for water remediation contaminated by heavy metals](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Exeter)
* [artemisinin biosensor, developed using a machine learning + experimentation approach](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Florida%20Atlantic)
* [gating the expression of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy for T cell receptors to only the tumor microenvironments, to prevent graft-versus-host disease](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Freiburg)
* [improvement of bacteria alcohol resistance using GlmY and GlmZ](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Gaston%20Day%20School)
* [hiochi biosensor, and lactic acid mediated communication system](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Gifu)
* [modular RNAi-based logic circuits, and selective adhesion in ecoli](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Greece)
* [programmable CRISPR-based bacteriophage detection system](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Groningen)
* [gallium-loaded siderophores as an antibiotic resistance-resistant therapy](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Hamburg)
* [nickel biosensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:HBUT-China)
* [nitrite degradation using fusion protein to reduce nitrite to nitrogen and oxygen](http://2017.igem.org/Team:HFLS%20H2Z%20Hangzhou)
* [three-dimensional DNA nanocube as a H3N2 influenza detection device](http://2017.igem.org/Team:HK%20SKHLPSS)
* [in vivo DNA nanostructures as mRNA sensors](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Hong%20Kong%20HKU)
* [uric acid biosensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Hong%20Kong%20UCCKE)
* [lanthanide ion biosensor using a membrane pore, and rare-earth element remediation](http://2017.igem.org/Team:HUST-China)
* [production of indigoidine from ammonia (poduced from hydrolysis of urine) for smell reduction in public toilets](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ICT-Mumbai)
* [salicylate biosensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:IISER-Mohali-INDIA)
* [logic gates based on transcriptional regulation, goal is square wave generator](http://2017.igem.org/Team:IIT%20Delhi)
* [quorum sensing in a microbial consortium to fight against cholera disease](http://2017.igem.org/Team:INSA-UPS%20France)
* [biofilm-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation (microplastics)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ITB%20Indonesia)
* [chlorophenol degradation plasmid using DmPr, nd monooxygenase and dioxygenase and a toxin-antitoxin system for self-regulation of ecoli in absence of pollutants](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Jilin%20China)
* [iron sensor using saliva samples](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Judd%20UK)
* [dCas13a: deactivated-nucleating mRNA-search protein, fusion protein with GFP (dCas13a-GFP)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Kent)
* [L-theanine biosensor for assessing theanine content of green tea quality](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Kobe)
* [Lactobacillus plantarum L67 yogurt starter probiotic as a stool sensor for DIY toilet analysis of stool samples](http://2017.igem.org/Team:KUAS%20Korea)
* [tsPurple chromoprotein expression and degradation via ClpXP](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Lambert%20GA)
* [next vivo: an ex vivo transcription and translation system, collection of related plasmids, all parts ready from a single-step elution](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge)
* [overexpression of chaperones (GroEL, GroES, DnaK and Trigger Factor) which hinder the aggregation of aggregation prone peptides (such as amyloid beta and tau); amyloid beta fused with fluorescent protein eGFP and mNeonGreen; anti-alzheimers](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Linkoping%20Sweden)
* [tripartite split-GFP biosensor for detection of microplastics (using heterologously expressed hER-alpha)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Lund)
* [Phosphostore: phosphate remediation](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Manchester)
* [a bacterial vector that expresses acyl-homoserine lactone C12, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa signalling molecule known to induce cancer cell apoptosis through a Bcl-2 independent pathway; plus quorum sensing to mitigate risk of bacterial infection during treatment](http://2017.igem.org/Team:McMaster%20II)
* [temperature-dependent repressor TlpA36 as a temperature-controlled kill-switch for containment of pathogenic bacteria](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Michigan)
* [glucose active transporters on the membrane of ecoli, to enable high-efficiency glucose uptake faster than human intestinal cells, as a probiotic; also, a suicide circuit ensuring probiotic bacteria don't absorb all dietary sugars](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Mingdao)
* [redesign of natural periplasmic binding proteins for the detection of new ligands, particularly for the creation of synthetic signal transduction systems in bacteria and plants, plant biosensors, soil pollutant detection](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Missouri%20Rolla)
* [Yarrowia lipolytica for the protection of phytases (from Citrobacter braakii) from thermal degradation during livestock feed manufacturing](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Moscow%20RF)
* [Cas13a + microfluidic device for rapid detection of bacteria and pathogens](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Munich)
* [aniline biodegradation, based on searching for crucial genes in Acinetobacter sp. strian YAA](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Nanjing%20NFLS)
* [yeast bioreactor for the production of anti-fungal peptides](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NAU-CHINA)
* [nitrate sensor using PyeaR promoter and GFP, plus four enzymes to transform nitrate into glutamine](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NCKU%20Tainan)
* [sewage grease microbial community to metabolize fatty acids, using serine-mediated attraction and leucine-mediated repellent of bacteria, serine, leucine, actyl-CoA synthetase, etc.](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NEFU%20China)
* [biosensors review](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Newcastle)
* [exosome-packaged siRNA for targeted apoptosis of white fat tissue to fight obesity](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NJU-China)
* [cell-free manufacturing based on freeze dried protein expression reaction pellets, initially targeting production of anti-microbial peptides](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NortheasternU-Boston)
* [production of acrylic acid from glycerol using a mutant Ceas2 enzyme](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NPU-China)
* [Phage Age: a platform for rapid evolution of bacteriophages for novel pathogens](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NTNU%20Trondheim)
* [hexavalent chromium bioremediation using chromate reductase, and using a property of C. reinhardtii to upregulate sulfate channels when starved of sulfur](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NU%20Kazakhstan)
* [kill switch review](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NUS%20Singapore)
* [increasing oil accumulation in microalgae by using ecoli to starve algae of nitrogen, and selection of microalgae by pigmentation as an indication of photosynthesis efficiency](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NYMU-Taipei)
* [conversion of methanol to methane in fake alcoholic beverages](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NYU%20Shanghai)
* [cell-free diagnostic kit for Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) using TetR repressor system and a protein-based outer membrane veiscle (OMV) diagnostic using SpyTag/SpyCatcher system for localization to the outer membrane and split-protease-based protein circuit to amplify the signal](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Oxford)
* [bacterial dosimeters that immediately respond to high ionizing radiation levels by measuring DNA mutation rate based on color change and lemon fragrance](http://2017.igem.org/Team:PASantiago%20Chile)
* [recombinase circuit for stable editing of DNA to implement sequential logic and memory modules in cells (genetic sequential logic circuits)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Peking)
* [enabling fish to detect heavy metal contamination such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel, copper and zinc](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Peshawar)
* [metabolic pathway scaffolding using dCas9 fusion proteins to localize reactions on a DNA scaffold, using aptamers for protein capture and dCas9 specific binding proteins; production of membraneless organelles induced by specific variable domains of Ddx4 (metabolic channeling)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Potsdam)
* [engineering the human lung microbiome to degrade inhaled carcinogens](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Purdue)
* [oil spill bioremediation using bacillus subtilis to produce surfactin, a biosurfactant that can emulsify hydrophobic organic compounds; enhancement of surfactin production and export using overexpression of sfp, the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl-transferase, and YerP, a surfactin efflux pump; lmrA, a multidrug resistance transporter from Lactococcus lactis, is mutated and tested for higher surfactin specificity](http://2017.igem.org/Team:RDFZ-China)
* [vitamin b9 and vitamin b12 binding riboswitches and mRNA-regulated GFP expression as a sensor of vitamin nutrition during human pregnancy](http://2017.igem.org/Team:RHIT)
* [Starmerella bombicola yeast production of sphorolipids, a biosurfactant, using selective modification of yeast MFE2 gene](http://2017.igem.org/Team:RPI%20Troy%20NY)
* [urate metabolic pathway in the probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 and applied it in the gut to reduce the urate concentration in the blood indirectly; built a dialysis-like device combined with modified bacteria to utilize the urate directly in the blood](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SCU-WestChina)
* [industrial fermentation process improvement using a 'robust strain' that can tolerate open non-sterile culturing conditions using formamide and phosphite pathways, and CRISPR-Cas9 system to make the host attain phage resistance ability](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SCUT-FSE-CHINA)
* [gene therapy for non-small cell lung cancer to deactivate programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) T-cell effector immune escape, by CRISPR-Cas9 inhibition of the expression of PD-L1](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SDU%20CHINA)
* [characterization of frost resistance genes by introducing them into Arabidopsis thaliana and ecoli](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SECA%20NZ)
* [cell culturing device to test different antibiotics on a patient's bacterial infection](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Sheffield)
* [gut inflammation sensor using ecoli that turn colors even in anaerobic environments](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SHSBNU%20China)
* [positive feedback sensor using LuxR/LuxI quorum sensing system, and various modeling of such](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SiCAU-China)
* [biobricks search engine](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SJTU-Software)
* [optogenetic gene expression system for degrading pesticide residues in contaminated soil, efficiently overexpress heterogenous hydrolases that are able to degrade chemical pesticides organophosphorus and parathion-methyl residues in soil](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SSTi-SZGD)
* [PROlung: a mucus degrading lung probiotic, using mucus degrading enzymes and osmotic pressure (thickened mucus) sensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Stockholm)
* [hair clog degradation using ecoli in pipes and drainage systems](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Stuttgart)
* [studying neo-behaviorism in a skinner box using c. elegans with two channelrhodopsins in the olfactory receptor neuron pair to provide worms with preference and aversion to specific wavelengths, and to reinforce their addictive or abstemious attitude to alochol](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SUSTech%20Shenzhen)
* [open-source human insulin proinsulin production system and an open-source single-chain insulin, Winsulin](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Sydney%20Australia)
* [software biobricks recommendation engine based on interaction data](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SYSU-Software)
* [concrete healing system using gerA gene biosensor, healing induced by liquid L-alanine, using microcapsules mixed into concrete that break when concrete breaks, to form calcium carbonate sediment](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SZU-China)
* [nanoparticle bioremediation by capturing citrate-capped nanoparticles with the membrane protein proteorhodopsin and also trap nanoparticles using ecoli biofilms produced by overexpression of regulators OmpR234 and CsgD](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TAS%20Taipei)
* [enzymatic inhibition of the virulence factors of Erwinia amylovora (fire blight) using N-Acyl homoserine lactonase, Cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, and arresting flagellar rotation using glycosyltransferase](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Tec-Chihuahua)
* [inducible expression and display of target antigens on the membrane of hematopoetic stem cells, transfection of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC-7) with a plasmid to show apoptosis in immature B cell model (WEHI-231); anti-allergies and fight autoimmune disease using immune central tolerance](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TECHNION-ISRAEL)
* [wine fermented with designer yeast to secrete toxins to kill Brettanomyces yeast (a major cause of wine spoilage); also, enhancing the antioxidant content of wine by increasing reservatrol; lowering glycemic index of wine by using miraculin](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Tel-Hai)
* [in vivo imaging of gut bacteria using targeted infrared fluorescence, such as EHEC 0157:H7 and Bifidobacterium longum](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TJU%20China)
* [gluten anti-inflammation by introduction of a probiotic with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to decompose gluten](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TNCR%20Korea)
* [pest control by changing sexual orientation of pests using the UAS/Gal4 system](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Tongji%20China)
* [CRISPR-Cas9 to target human extrachromosomal DNA as an anti-cancer treatment](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TP-CC%20San%20Diego)
* [peptidosomes to generate encapsulated bacteria, and functionalization of bacterial containers by incorporation of proteins into these peptide shells](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TU%20Dresden)
* [CRISPR-Cas13a removal of antibiotic resistance genes in agricultural pathogens](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TUDelft)
* [G. xylinus production of bacterial cellulose](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TUST%20China)
* [directed evolution of protein-protein interactions using reporters such as fluorescence and also gas vesicle formation (bacterial buoyancy)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UAlberta)
* [ammonia biosensor and using human xanthine oxidase to convert ammonia into uric acid](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UCAS)
* [Pichia pastoris yeast centromeric plasmid for chromosomal integration](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UChicago)
* [optimization of calvin cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae for improved carbon dioxide uptake](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UChile%20OpenBio-CeBiB)
* [ultraviolet (UV) radiation monitor using ecoli that change colors, using photocaged tyrosine (o-nitrobenzyl tyrosine)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UCLouvain)
* [synthetic endosymbiosis using engineered interdependency and cell-penetrating peptides](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UCopenhagen)
* [tobacco degradation of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) pollutant](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UESTC-China)
* [aptamer biosensor for aflatoxin b1 in peanuts, a mycotoxin peanut contaminant](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UGA-Georgia)
* [biosensor of 3-hydroxypropionic acid, an intermediate component in the synthesis of complex biofuels and plastics](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UIOWA)
* [characterization of superoxide dismutases as a way to degrade reactive oxygen species produced from photosystem 1](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ULaVerne%20Collab)
* [sRNA-mediated gene siliencing as a substitute for antibiotics to target an array of essential genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aeureus (MRSA), such as mecA, secA, glmM and ddl, using a dsRNA-binding cahperone Hfq to recruit RNase III to degrade dsRNA](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UNBC-Canada)
* [cow resistance to nitrate poisoning by introduction of ecoli probiotic to express nitrite reductase, to reduce methane emissions in livestock, and also the production of bromoform in cow gut by expression of bromoperoxidase enzyme](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UNebraska-Lincoln)
* [dCas9 inhibition of fluorescent event sequences as a biological authentication method for security industry](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UNOTT)
* [ecoli production of antigen-binding (Fab) fragments of antibodies under optogenetic regulation, plus computer-controled automated purification of antibodies](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UPMC%20PARIS)
* [degradation of perchlorate to oxygen on Mars and Earth by perchlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UrbanTundra%20Edmonton)
* [microelectrode array measurement of neurons with olfactory receptors (G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)), receptors added by plasmids via nucleofection](http://2017.igem.org/Team:USMA-West%20Point)
* [paratransgenesis of malarial parasites using modified mosquito gut bacteria to produce and secrete anti-Plasmodium synthetic peptides](http://2017.igem.org/Team:USP-Brazil)
* [transfer of extracellular electrons from outer membrane surface into the periplasm using MtrCAB, or using a photoelectric effect by generation of high energy electrons with CdS nanoparticles as a light harvester](http://2017.igem.org/Team:USTC)
* [degradation of toluene-based contaminants into valuable aromatic aldehydes by expression of the xyl ortho pathway from Pseudomonas putida in ecoli](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UT-Knoxville)
* [root-specific optogenetic circuit to enable control of plant flowering, and color-coded output system to report on plant information such as stress conditions](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Valencia%20UPV)
* [conversion of ammonia and nitrites into nitrogen gas by use of a denitrifying bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans using a circuit from N. europaea, using amoCAB, haoA and associated cytochrome genes to create a complete nitrogen removal system](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Virginia)
* [optogenetic control of extracellular cellulose production for 3d printing](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Warwick)
* [UV-B radiation resistance by using genes from tardigrade species Ramazzottius varieornatus, Deinococcus radiodurans, and a cyanobacteria](http://2017.igem.org/Team:WashU%20StLouis)
* [biofilm formation biosensor using AHL, a quorum-sensing molecule](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Westminster%20UK)
* [protein degradation tags associated with proteases for increased control of protein degradation lifecycles](http://2017.igem.org/Team:William%20and%20Mary)
* [carbon dioxide sequestration using self-sinking algae based on expression of a metal binding protein on its pilus to increase weight and deactivate pilus, causing algae to permanently sink to the bottom of sea](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Worldshaper-Nanjing)
* [biosensor for water-dissolved oxygen, phosphorous or nitrogen in water](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Worldshaper-XSHS)
* [using a pathogen's quorum sensing system as a biosensor, or using the cell's osmoregulatory system,  to control the expression of antimocrobial peptides (AMPs)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:XJTLU-CHINA)
* [microscopy-based analysis of co-cultures using a 'digital in-line holographic microscope'](http://2017.igem.org/Team:York)
* [optogenetic cellular self-lysis using lysozyme-encoding genes, for lysis of cells in the fermentation industry](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJUT-China)
* [expression of dermcidin (an antimicorbial peptide) to kill acne vulgaris, tied to a cellulose-binding domain to enable immobilization of the peptide on a cellulose surface, allowing the integration of dermcidin into skin care products such as hydrogel masks or exfoliation pads](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Aalto-Helsinki)
* [biobrick part for easy CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Amazonas%20Brazil)
* [human gut probiotic to express insulin and cell-penetrating peptides, based on a glucose sensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:AQA%20Unesp)
* [gold biosensor based on ecoli expression of a gold binding protein (golB) and fluorescence](http://2017.igem.org/Team:AshesiGhana)
* [ecoli surface expression of an afinity tag and peptide for B cell capture](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ASTWS-China)
* [gut bacteria production of levadopa](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Austin%20UTexas%20LASA)
* [RNA toehold switches for tapeworm detection](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Berlin%20diagnostX)
* [expanding the genetic code: ribosomal incorporation of multiple non-canonical amino acids into peptides](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Bielefeld-CeBiTec)
* [fluorescence-based aptamer biosensor using a chain reaction to trigger fluorescence](http://2017.igem.org/Team:BIT)
* [probiotic productoin of y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:BNDS%20China)
* [directed in vivo evolution via reverse transcription similar to the retrotransposon lifecycle: gene's mRNA is reverse transcribed in an error prone way and reintegrated into the genome at the respective locus replacing the original gene](http://2017.igem.org/Team:BOKU-Vienna)
* [recombinase-based logic using RNA toehold switches, triggering recombinase expression in a cell-free transcription-translation system](http://2017.igem.org/Team:BostonU)
* [synthesis of amino acids from nitrogen in ecoli and gut bacteria](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Botchan%20Lab%20Tokyo)
* [remediation of soil infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens to remove a virulence region of the tumor inducing plasmid, using conjugation to move through a propulation of Agrobacterium](http://2017.igem.org/Team:British%20Columbia)
* [paper-based sasay for arsenic contamination using a negative transcriptional repressor to regulate the expression of Gfp](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Cadets2Vets)
* [expression of Omp pores in ecoli to increase susceptibility to antibiotics](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CAPS%20Kansas)
* [degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CCA%20San%20Diego)
* [yeast digestion of ink (deinking) on paper fibers](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CGU%20Taiwan)
* [synthesis of citronellol, a mosquito repellant](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CIEI-BJ)
* [toehold switch sensors of mRNA levels](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CLSB-UK)
* [keratin digestion by incorporating keratinases kerA and kerBPN into ecoli](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ColegioFDR%20Peru)
* [ecoli intracellular parasites to release short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) as a cancer therapeutic](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ColumbiaNYC)
* [regulatory T cells modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting inflammatory cells associated with rheumatoid arthritis](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CPU%20CHINA)
* [limonene production](http://2017.igem.org/Team:CSU%20Fort%20Collins)
* [ecoli screened for ability to metabolize and grow on lignocellulose](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Dalhousie)
* [overexpression of Top-4 metal binder protein and human metallotheonin 3 by synthetic promoter design, immobilization of bacteria on beads with membrane-bound expression of metal binding proteins](http://2017.igem.org/Team:DEIAGRA)
* [fluoride sensor using mRNA riboswitch to regulate downstream gene expression](http://2017.igem.org/Team:East%20Chapel%20Hill)
* [CRISPR-Cas9 system to resensitize bacteria to antibiotics using a two-phage system](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh%20OG)
* [phosphate remediation using polyphosphate kinase and exopolyphosphatase expression](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Emory)
* [RNA strand displacement to block faulty mRNA and release corrected RNA for proper protein synthesis of the huntingtin (HTT) gene in huntington's disease](http://2017.igem.org/Team:EpiphanyNYC)
* [screening epimerases for the conversion of fructose into psicose](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Evry%20Paris-Saclay)
* [plant root remediation of metallic soils using a metal binding peptide](http://2017.igem.org/Team:FAFU-CHINA)
* [ecoli elastic artificial muscle using azo dyes, connected via biotin based catcher-tag systems on to pili](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Franconia)
* [gut bacteria probiotic for the degradation of gliadin and sequestering zonulin (a hormone responsible for inflammation) as a celiac disease treatment](http://2017.igem.org/Team:FSU)
* [recombinase-based memory device](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Fudan%20China)
* [endotoxin sensor as an alternative to limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) instead of horseshoe crabs](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Georgia%20State)
* [food poisoning detection by using a campylobacter jejuni sensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Glasgow)
* [cholera detection kit](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Grenoble-Alpes)
* [mosquito insecticide expression of Cry4Ba and Mtx1](http://2017.igem.org/Team:GZHS-United)
* [biofilm curli fiber production](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Harvard)
* [phage-assisted continuous evolution + machine learning](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Heidelberg)
* [phosphate, phytic acids and phytases - increase enzyme stability against heat and extreme pH by circularizing enzyme using self-assembling peptides (SAPs)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:HokkaidoU%20Japan)
* [time-based recombinase-based deletion of genetically modified DNA, for containment](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Hong%20Kong%20HKUST)
* [influenza subtyping using riboswitch (toehold switch)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Hong%20Kong-CUHK)
* [cell cycle control using a genetic circuit of light-controlled CRISPR system targeted at OriC to block initiation of chromosome replication in ecoli cells](http://2017.igem.org/Team:HZAU-China)
* [enhancement of gas vesicles using charge-based flocculation, biotin-streptavidin interaction, and SpyCatcher-SpyTag heterodimerization; development of flotation assays](http://2017.igem.org/Team:IISc-Bangalore)
* [tuberculosis diagnostics](http://2017.igem.org/Team:IISER-Pune-India)
* [anti-freeze proteins to prevent ice crystal growth on grape vines, and light-reflecting compounds to limit evapotranspiration](http://2017.igem.org/Team:IONIS-PARIS)
* [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bioremediation using ecoli and genes from Dehalococcoides mccartyi](http://2017.igem.org/Team:iTesla-SoundBio)
* [colon cancer treatment using probiotic Nissle 1917 as a gene delivery carrier for invasin, Hyl proteins, TAT proteins (to induce apoptosis)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:JNFLS)
* [IL12 production to regulate Th1/Th2 cell balance for hay fever](http://2017.igem.org/Team:KAIT%20JAPAN)
* [killswitch system using MazF, an mRNA-targeting endonuclease, based on pDawn system which activates transcription in the presence of blue light](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Kingsborough%20NY)
* [modification of human embryonic kidney cells with genes encoding ion channels, measurement of kidney cell state using electrode arrays](http://2017.igem.org/Team:KU%20Leuven)
* [nematode gene knockdown using RNAi to kill nematode pests](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Kyoto)
* [RNAi to control weeds and pests](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Lanzhou)
* [ecoli production of black, cyan, magenta and yellow pigments](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge%20HS)
* [yeast thermal actuator and temperature-sensitive killswitches, calcium channels](http://2017.igem.org/Team:LUBBOCK%20TTU)
* [ecoli production of hydrogenase for photosynthesis](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Macquarie%20Australia)
* [ecoli expression of the MtrCAB operon from Shewanella oneidensis, for production of membrane-bound cytochromes known to generate bacterial nanowires; direct electron transfer over nanowires; and glucose oxidase for affinity to gold with addition of thiol fusion tags; increase surface area for affinity, etc.](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ManhattanCol%20Bronx)
* [fluorgenic DNAzyme for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens by a DNAzyme cleaving a fluorophore-RNA-quencher motif at the RNA site, generating fluorescence](http://2017.igem.org/Team:McMasterU)
* [software: protocol crowd-rating website](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Michigan%20Software)
* [mussel toxin production (FitD toxin) for zebra mussel management in lakes](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Minnesota)
* [control of exon inclusion/exclusion by programmable splicing using dCas13a and Ms2, allowing synthetic genes to dynamically change functionality, and therapeutic potential for diseases that arise from aberrant splicing](http://2017.igem.org/Team:MIT)
* [electrical sensor of water contaminants using Mtr electron transport chain pathway from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1](http://2017.igem.org/Team:MSU-Michigan)
* [yeast + nutrition for fermented foods](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Nagahama)
* [ecoli gas sensor using fluorescence](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Nanjing-China)
* [fluorescent bacteria in a petri dish to control the motion and operation of a robot (information processing by pH shift)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NAWI%20Graz)
* [peptide prediction system](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NCTU%20Formosa)
* [odor sensory system using olfaction and CRISPR-Cas9](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NEU-China)
* [mRNA-cleaing DNAzymes and mRNA-binding peptides for targeted down-regulation of oncogenes and induce cancer cell apoptosis](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NIPER-Guwahati)
* [cellulose production to clog flowing water, rhamnolipid to emulsify oil and washing oil out of water](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NKU%20China)
* [delivery of Cas9 to antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria through submicron bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as an antibiotic resensitization therapeutic](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Northwestern)
* [water pollutant degradation stuff](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NTHU%20Taiwan)
* [dCas9 DNA-targeting enhancement mutations, and HDR repair improvement](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NTU%20SINGAPORE)
* [miRNA inhibitors from a library of chemically synthetic oligo DNA fragments](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NUDT%20CHINA)
* [alkane biosensor using GntR and fluorescence](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NWU-CHINA)
* [device for detecting Shiga toxin-producing ecoli (STEC) using cell wall lysis and STEC-specific gene sequence amplification using loop-mediated isothermal amplification](http://2017.igem.org/Team:NYU%20Abu%20Dhabi)
* [conversion of cellobiose and xylose from waste algae into ethanol with resveratrol, using ecoli + yeast co-culture](http://2017.igem.org/Team:OUC-China)
* [expansion of optogenetic tools using photosensory transmembrane proteins and photoswitchable protein caging, and synthetic RNA organelles to manipulate enzymatic activity](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Paris%20Bettencourt)
* [degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into pyruvate](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Pasteur%20Paris)
* [open-source microplate reader](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Penn)
* [Dronpa-CheY fusion protein for optical precise control of ecoli movement with different wavelengths of light, using chemotactic machinery for chemotaxis](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Pittsburgh)
* [Drosophila melanogaster gut engineering by delivery of ecoli](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Princeton)
* [bacterial biofilms for arctic bioremediation, CsgA, to bind ice and degrade hydrocarbons, AFP8 fused to CsgA for ice binding](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Queens%20Canada)
* [fighting food pathogens by using latarcins (antimicrobial peptides found in spider venom) such as Latarcin-2a(M-Zodatoxin), a 26 amino acid, highly cationic peptide that lyses microbes via a discrete, membrane-specific carpet mechanism](http://2017.igem.org/Team:REC-CHENNAI)
* [bioremediation of chromium(VI) contaminated wastewater using chromate reductase enzyme (chrR6) and Shewanella oneidensis](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Rice)
* [ryhtmic production of melatonin in ecoli](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SCU%20China)
* [SRRz lysis gene and B-galactosidase gene for heavy metal ion sensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SCUT-China%20A)
* [synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (bear bile active ingredient) using immobilized enzymes (7α-HSDH, 7β-HSDH, GDH, and LDH) on cellulose](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SDSZ-China)
* [bacterial solar battery using Geobacter sulfurreducens to consume stored cellulose, electrons are transferred by nanowires to an anode resulting in an electrical current](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SDU-Denmark)
* [multi-layer quorum sensing module](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Shanghaitech)
* [melanoma targeting using Cas9](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Shenzhen%20SFLS)
* [tardigrade protective protein xenotransplantation into ecoli](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SIAT-SCIE)
* [chromoproteins for diagnostic assay results display](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SJTU-BioX-Shanghai)
* [ecoli production of chitin to degrade insect exoskeleton shells, and a sucrose-induced enzyme release system which utilizes the insect's honeydew secretion](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SMS%20Shenzhen)
* [repairable bacterial building materials for Mars colonies, using self-healing materials embedded with Bacillus subtilis](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Stanford-Brown)
* [hybrid bacteriocins (Lacticin ZA and Aureocin A53 (or Epidermicin NI01)) by connecting them with three gylcine residues, for anti-MSRA and antibiotic resistance](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Stony%20Brook)
* [aldehyde dehydrogenase (ADLH2) to break down malondialdehyde (waste cooking oil)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SUIS%20Alpha%20Shanghai)
* [convert the translational regulatory property of riboswitches into transcriptional regulation](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SVCE%20CHENNAI)
* [mesenchymal stem cells for wound treatment using Pluronic F-127](http://2017.igem.org/Team:SYSU-CHINA)
* [methane biosensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Szeged%20SA%20RMG)
* [yeast production of ethylene from sucrose](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Tartu%20TUIT)
* [bacterial monitoring of temperature and environmental conditions on freight packages by chromoprotein expression of recorded data](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TCFSH%20Taiwan)
* [siRNA for disease fighting](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TecCEM)
* [synthesis of polyhdroxyalkanoates (PHA) (bioplastic) produced by bacterial fermentation, using carbon sources in residues from the tequila production process](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TecMonterrey%20GDA)
* [yeast mate switching (MATa)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Tianjin)
* [quorum sensing for gram-positive bacteria, not using N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TMMU-China)
* [ecoli + human cell co-culturing system](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TokyoTech)
* [LaclLOV, a light-regulated transcriptional modulator and cl (viral repressor) - spatiotemporal control of CRISPR using blue light](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Toronto)
* [aflatoxin biosensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua)
* [wound infection sensor based on detecting bacterial proteases using fluorophores linked to chitosan oligomers by sequence-specific peptide linkers within a hydrogel matrix](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TU%20Darmstadt)
* [extracellular gel using protein-protein interactions inspired by the formation of membraneless organelles by multivalent interactions](http://2017.igem.org/Team:TU-Eindhoven)
* [resistance-specific antibiotics using aminocoumarins](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen)
* [bioremediation of calcium oxalate scale (beerstone) from the inside of beer brewing vats](http://2017.igem.org/Team:U%20of%20Guelph)
* [xenobiotics co-culture system for bioproduction using tagatose which prevents contamination](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UC%20San%20Diego)
* [methanol in alcohol biosensor, and sensor of antibiotic residues in milk](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UCC%20Ireland)
* [marine toxin sensor using an aptazyme, such as for saxitoxin sensor](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UChile%20Biotec)
* [optical control of cellular mechanisms for bioluminescence in response to day/night cycle, and to direct bacteria to form 3d biodegradable plastic structures](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UCL)
* [upregulation of algal lipid porudction for biofuel in Nannochloropsis oceanica](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UConn)
* [acetaminophen and human B12 vitamin production in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UCSC)
* [production of tryptophol, an antiboitic against amphibian-targeting chytridiomycosis](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UFlorida)
* [biolaser, a laser with a biological gain medium](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UiOslo%20Norway)
* [low-cost gibson assembly reaction](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UIUC%20Illinois)
* [banana anti-fungicide](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UMaryland)
* [degradation of trichloroethylene using methane monooxygenase for the EPA-designated CTS Superfund site in Asheville, NC](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UNC-Asheville)
* [fluorescent ecoli hooked up to a sound generation system for music production](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UNIFI)
* [genetic NOR gate controlled by inducible production of gRNA-complexed dCas9](http://2017.igem.org/Team:uOttawa)
* [crocin production](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Uppsala)
* [detection of enterotoxigenic ecoli (cause of traveler's diarrhea), and secretion of a cellulose matrix to contain it](http://2017.igem.org/Team:US%20AFRL%20CarrollHS)
* [biofilm long-range communication using ion channels; sodium responsive transcriptional regulator NhaR and ion channels](http://2017.igem.org/Team:USNA%20Annapolis)
* [synthesis of an artificial squalene cyclase, and measurement of alternative amino acids](http://2017.igem.org/Team:UST%20Beijing)
* [DNA detection of pathogens and diseases using dCas9 and Cpf1 fused to membrane proteins and exposed to the extracellular medium](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Utrecht)
* [control of copy number variation, enabling alteration of copy number variation](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Vilnius-Lithuania)
* [blood antigen detection assay using bacterial system](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Wageningen%20UR)
* [yeast culture for real-time diagnostics and metabolite measurement, with pigment feedback](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Washington)
* [yeast production of proteins with prion-like aggregative behavior](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Waterloo)
* [biodegradation of halogenated phenol in wastewater](http://2017.igem.org/Team:WHU-China)
* [ecoli bacteriophage tail component fused to horseradish peroxidase enzyme for rapid detection of ecoli in contaminated water](http://2017.igem.org/Team:WLC-Milwaukee)
* [mir-21 biomarker for colorectal cancer](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Worldshaper-Wuhan)
* [bioremediation of lead contamination in water](http://2017.igem.org/Team:WPI%20Worcester)
* [water contaminant detection on a chip](http://2017.igem.org/Team:XMU-China)
* [fungi chasis (Trichoderma)](http://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China)


dunno:

* <http://2017.igem.org/Team:BIT-China>
* <http://2017.igem.org/Team:Fudan>
* [ecoli culture system to simulate ecosystem biological warfare between engineered species](http://2017.igem.org/Team:Tsinghua-A)
* <http://2017.igem.org/Team:AHUT%20China>
* [snake venom assay?](http://2017.igem.org/Team:DTU-Denmark)

<div id="igem-2018" />
## 2018

<http://2018.igem.org/Giant_Jamboree/Program/Abstracts>

<http://igem.org/Team_Wikis?year=2018>

* [melatonin biosensor using human melatonin receptor](http://2018.igem.org/Team:Aachen)
* [circularization of opposum lethal toxin neutralizing factor (LTNF) anti-venom protein by post-translational modification by adding cysteine amino acids to both ends of the polypeptide chain](http://2018.igem.org/Team:ACIBADEM%20ISTANBUL)
* [ecoli expression of carbonic anhydrase and mutational study](http://2018.igem.org/Team:AHUT%20China)


## not linked to a year

I don't know where these were listed from:

* spider silk gfp fusion protein ("arachnicoli")
* conversion of lactose into ethanol (Pavia 2009)
* Using an AHL sensor (molecule secreted by biofilm microorganisms) and GFP reporter to detect biofilm formation in catheters (Imperial College London 2007)
* Efficient pathway for the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll
* biological breathalyzer
* melamine sensor
* production of monoterpenes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast by constructing biosynthetic pathways

<div id="popular" />
# Somewhat popularly well known projects

* Salmonella typhimurium spider silk protein secretion
* production of insulin
* production of human growth hormone
* clotting factors to treat haemophilia
* biofuel stuff
* blue rose (Florigene, Suntory)
* plant (crop) tolerance to herbicides like glufosinate and glyphosate
* plant (crop) tolerance or resistance to ringspot virus
* plant (crop) production of bt toxin (an insecticide)
* cassava with lower cyanogen glucosides and enhanced with protein and other nutrients
* golden rice (to help fix Vitamin A deficiency)
* vitamin-enriched variant of South African white corn
* Camelina sativa oils
* green fluorescent protein (GFP) modification of mice
* ATryn, an anticoagulant that reduces blood clotting during surgery
* * "On 6 February 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first human biological drug produced from such an animal, a goat. The drug, ATryn, is an anticoagulant which reduces the probability of blood clots during surgery or childbirth. It is extracted from the goat's milk."
* enviropig, a pig engineered to digest plant phosphorous
* dairy cows to produce human breast milk (China, Argentina)
* allergy-free dairy cow milk (New Zealand)
* pig production of omega-3 fatty acids based on a roundworm gene
* growth hormone for fish, see AquaBounty
* malaria-resistant mosquitoes
* GloFish (fluorescent zebra fish)
* plant/crop with a gene from the winter flounder
* Flavr Savr tomato, longer shelf life
* ice-minus strain of P. syringae to protect crops from frost
* virus-resistant tobacco in China (1992)
* bromoxynil (a herbicide) resistant tobacco
* insect resistant cotton (MON1445)
* insect resistant maize (MON810)
* herbicide tolerant soybean
* miraculin (taste-modifying protein) in transgenic lettuce
* mammalian expression of an infrared fluorescent protein
* novel color vision in mice via transgenic expression of a photopigment protein
* enlarged forebrains in mice via transgenic overexpression of beta-catenin
* fluorescent sensors of cell membrane potential
* MagA protein as a method of producing magnetic nanoparticles
* recombinant monoclonal antibodies
* crazy antibody stains
* DNA vaccines

<div id="processed-food" />
# in processed food production

* alpha-amylase from bacteria, which converts starch to simple sugars
* chymosin from bacteria or fungi, which clots milk protein for cheese making
* pectinesterase from fungi, which improves fruit juice clarity

<div id="crops" /><div id="agriculture" />
# crop stuff

Here is a better list: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_crops#Examples_of_genetically_modified_crops>

# just rna and dna

* aptamers, for specifically binding to target molecules

<div id="dna-synthesis" />
# DNA synthesis

One of the largest bottlenecks is DNA synthesis. Achieving $1/genome or lower costs of DNA synthesis would allow for many more projects. It seems unlikely that $1/genome or lower can be achieved with phosphoramidite synthesis.

Here are some related projects:

* [oligonucleotide synthesis using Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) as an alternative to phosphoramidite-based DNA synthesis](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Cooper_Union/TdT_project)
* [DNA synthesis: characterization of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase as an alternative oligonucleotide synthesis method](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Rutgers)
* [enzymatic DNA synthesis mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/enzymaticsynthesis)

<div id="dna-synthesis-concepts" />
## concepts

Some of these were originally from [this email](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/enzymaticsynthesis/34_BjNj6wsQ).

* electronic control of polymerase
* nucleotide gun made out of a nanotube pointed at the finger domain of some DNA polymerase
* single-polymerase water droplet & add in a single dNTP at a time
* physical display of dNTP as template for current base addition (i.e., on a stick) (not a protein template)
* a protein that can undergo conformational changes that polymerase thinks represents the template strand
* pull/push a template through DNA polymerase to control which dNTP it should be selecting for
* protein-template DNA polymerase, where the polymerase itself has a giant protein that enzymatically encodes dNTP information (protein template, like in CCA-adding enzymes)
* mechanical pressure on polymerase
* some magical ultrasound method
* replacing parts of traditional phosphoramidite synthesis with enzymes until the entire process is enzymatic
* [using multiple telomerase enzymes](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/enzymaticsynthesis/6GZT8zFNOfo) that you wash away after each step
* [light-dependent RNA tolermase](http://sphere.chronosempire.org.uk/~HEx/tmp/prop.pdf) also see [this thread](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/enzymaticsynthesis/6GZT8zFNOfo)
* [a proposal for template-independent polymerases](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/enzymaticsynthesis/LAg2CUQAC4M)
* [enzymatic-mediated stepwise protein synthesis without DNA and without RNA](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/enzymaticsynthesis/3YEEv0OULo0/zJZPETWDbMIJ)
* focus on [tRNA synthetases](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase) as a method of enzymatic control over protein synthesis, then work backwards to DNA synthesis eventually
* antibody-based selection mechanism?

<div id="progress" />
# Things that should be done

* copying metabolic pathways from one species into a different species
* genome synthesis of organisms/species that you don't physically have

<div id="proteins" />
# Proteins

Here are some interesting proteins worth making in the event that you are able to make large proteins.

green fluorescent protein (GFP). These are especially useful for testing whether or not synthesis worked. Also, other [biological pigments](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Biological_pigments).

[chromoproteins](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromoprotein), like hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes and flavoproteins.

blood clotting factor for hemophiliacs (see "Molecular approaches for improved clotting factors for hemophilia")

[Enzymatic conversion of blood types, removal of blood type antigens](http://2014.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen)

[Various photoreceptors](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_protein), including [ultraviolet photoreceptors](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UVR8).

gelatin

Whatever protein makes magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria (maybe MamK).

MagA - for producing magnetic nanoparticles

[type three secretion system](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_three_secretion_system) is an "injectisome". "Structures similar to Type3SS injectisomes have been proposed to rivet gram negative bacterial outer and inner membranes to help release outer membrane vesicles targeted to deliver bacterial secretions to eukaryotic host or other target cells in vivo."

[kinesin](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesin) is a motor protein that drags cargo along microfilaments.

[titin](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titin) is a molecular spring used in human muscle, 3-4 nm in diameter and 1 micron long. See [here](http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Titin_Structure_%26_Function).

[hemoglobin](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin), for oxygen transport.

"DAF-2 is an insulin receptor protein in worms and it has a similar function in humans. Worms without these proteins live twice as long as worms that have them." Maybe something that blocks DAF-2 receptors.

ATP synthase: a molecular rotor that synthesizes ATP. See video [1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XI8m6o0gXDY).

antibodies (maybe) (they have some other structure not including amino acids)

Akt1 - smooth muscle hypertrophy?

[Various proteopathies may be fixable with protein synthesis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteopathy#List_of_proteopathies)

[apoptosome](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosome) - has an interesting shape

[ferritin](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferritin) - stores and releases iron

[transferrin](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferrin) - iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron in biological fluids

phytosystems and chlorophyll - light-reactive

rhodopsin

chromophores

antifreeze proteins

enzymes/proteins useful for natural competence

enzymes needed for induced pluripotency in stem cells

luciferase

biotin

insect pheromones

channelrhodopsin - "Among the microbial opsins which can be used to investigate the function of neural systems are the channelrhodopsins (ChR2, ChR1, VChR1, and SFOs) to excite neurons. For silencing, halorhodopsin (NpHR),[23] enhanced halorhodopsins (eNpHR2.0 and eNpHR3.0),[24] archaerhodopsin (Arch), Leptosphaeria maculans fungal opsins (Mac), and enhanced bacteriorhodopsin (eBR) have been employed to inhibit neurons (see Figure 2), including in freely-moving mammals.[25]" see <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optogenetics>

functionalized bioplastics (like with gfp?)

various [heat shock proteins](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_shock_protein)

[allophycocyanin](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allophycocyanin) - "Allophycocyanin (APC) is an intensely bright phycobiliprotein isolated from red algae that exhibits far-red fluorescence with high quantum yields. It is excited by laser lines at 594 and 633 nm, with an absorbance maximum at 650 nm and a fluorescence emission peak at 660 nm."

[dye decolorizers](http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=2GVK)

[stomata-closing proteins in plants](http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=3M71)

## theoretical proteins that would be nice to have

DNA capture compartment -- a giant organelle-like structure that absorbs and stores arbitrary dna it finds from the environment. Ideally, it would give some visual indication once it has absorbed at least one DNA molecule. Also, an RNA equivalent would be useful. It would be particularly useful if this sort of enzyme could be used prior to cleaning up ancient fossils (in case there really is DNA left around).

molecular lego with proteins based on binding affinity between lock and key domains, synthesize distinct proteins that lock together to form larger shapes and structures at the molecular level (molecular nanotechnology)

connectome sequencing (for brain scanning, brain uploading, synapse-level neuroanatomy, etc.)

<div id="igem-project-ideas" />
# Future iGEM project ideas

After reading all iGEM projects, here are some ideas for interesting future iGEM projects to pursue.

* Surface display techniques: by introducing better and more varied surface display techniques, it becomes easier to do directed evolution and selection projects to optimize enzyme activity. Methods can be developed to focus on cleaving surface linkers, reversible surface linking, flagellar display (on the flagella itself), aptamer display and antibody display on surfaces, etc.

* Directed evolution techniques focusing on secretion, surface display, exosomes, bacterial microcompartments, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), etc.

* TdT (terminal deoxyterminal transferase): Various enhancements to de novo DNA synthesis could be had by further investigation into TdT and other weird polymerases See <http://2014.igem.org/Team:Cooper_Union/TdT_project> and <http://2015.igem.org/Team:Cooper_Union/DeNovoSynthesis> for more details. In particular, there might be interesting directions to engineer mutant TdT enzymes, chimeric TdT enzymes, characterization of TdT activity, etc.

* polymerases: In general, de novo DNA synthesis from polymerases would be highly useful in synthetic biology. "Weird properties" in polymerases, such as azobenzene amino acids to control polymerase, could be further explored.

* Fusion proteins based on cas9 and recombinases for further genome editing techniques

* Better than Gibson assembly? Characterization of homologous recombination pathways in ecoli and other bacteria. Optimization of homologous recombination from single pot many short 100mers. See <https://groups.google.com/d/msg/enzymaticsynthesis/uyZqtJO24RE/lApLb4JmCAAJ> for related ideas.

* Genome sequencing of Rana sylvaticus (a frog): what are the antifreeze proteins and adaptations? Can these be used in other organisms?

* Control and variation of morphological shape of microorganisms

* embed DNA polymerase (or other DNA synthesizing molecules) in cell membranes such that DNA gets released immediately, do selection on length of produced DNA from these cells

* DNA barcoding --- such as for lineage tracing, connectome sequencing, etc. Could probably get interesting results with recombinases and Cas9.

* cryotoxin-resistant cells for various cryopreservation reagents (use directed selection techniques)

* Human circadian rhythm sensor -- use dyes and pigments to report on human circadian clock status from urine samples or other samples

* Directed evolution co-selection cultures -- use multiple bacteria to participate in selection by signalling and attacking underperforming cells in nearby media

* More DNA assembly techniques: we can make 100mers but how do we make entire genomes from small fragments?

* Simple demonstration of optogenetic stimulation to store information in a cell, and recombinases to load/read information from genetic memory to cause an optical response (probably coloration, dyes, etc). Could use signalling molecules to trigger the storage of information over time. DNA barcoding and DNA import through a pore could also be used to refer to specific regions of memory to elicit specific pre-programmed responses.

* Simplified continuous directed evolution techniques (mRNA display is somewhat annoying at the bench)

* magnetosome protein purification technique + cell-free freeze-dried protein transcription system and synthetic gene networks on paper -- could make for an interesting way to do protein production entirely without cells. Yields might still favor cell culture, though.

* protein lego bricks -- binding by DNA addresses or other high affinity ligand specific techniques, for a stable toolbox of known protein structures and shapes and building up larger structures from small parts.