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#!/usr/bin/python
## stl2gcode generates gcode from stereolithographic triangles. This
## gcode can be fed to CNC fab machines to create physical 3D models.
## stl2gcode also generates intermediate file formats (i.e. pov and
## png files).
## Copyright (C) 2008 James Vasile <james@hackervisions.org>. This is
## free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
## terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
## Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or any later
## version.
## This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
## or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
## License for more details. You should have received a copy of the
## GNU General Public License along with the work; if not, write to
## the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, 5th Floor,
## Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
##
## See http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/slicingstl
## See http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?12,9756,page=1
##
## Not tested on Windows or Mac boxes.
##
## Needs PIL, the Python Imaging Library (aptitude install
## python-imaging)
##
## stl2gcode includes and derives from code originating in
## image-to-gcode.py. That code is Copyright (C) 2005 Chris Radek
## (chris@timeguy.com)
## TODO: adjust the scale so that the png represents 1 step per bit in the bitmap
## TODO: decide whether this is a module or a class
import os
import sys
import Image
import gcode
import povray
from miscellaneous import *
VERSION=0.1
def povray_include (base_fname, inside_vector):
'Convert an stl file into a POVRAY include object'
## TODO: use the -e distance option for stl2pov
## NOTE: The -s (smooth) option causes the min/max values to be calculated
## incorrectly (off by 1) sometimes causing blank png images
stdout_handle = os.popen("stl2pov -s " + base_fname + '.stl', "r")
inc = stdout_handle.read()
vec_string = 'inside_vector <%f, %f, %f>' % (
inside_vector[0],inside_vector[1],inside_vector[2])
## write out include file with inside vector added
out = open(base_fname+'.inc', 'w')
out.write(inc.rpartition('} //')[0] + vec_string + "\n}\n")
out.close
return povray.object(inc);
def make_pov(fname, include, step_x, step_y, step_z):
'Write a povray file that displays our included object'
min_x = include.min_x()
max_x = include.max_x()
min_y = include.min_y()
max_y = include.max_y()
min_z = include.min_z()
max_z = include.max_z()
camera = '''camera {
orthographic
up y*%f
right x*%f
location <%f, %f, %f>
look_at <%f, %f, %f>
}''' % ((max_z-min_z),
(max_x-min_x),
(max_x + min_x) / 2, max_y+1, (max_z + min_z) / 2,
(max_x + min_x) / 2, min_y-1, (max_z + min_z) / 2)
pov = '''// Generated by stl2gcode. Edits might get clobbered.
#include "%s"
background {color rgb 1 }
%s
intersection {
object { %s }
box { <%f, %f, %f>, <%f, %f, %f>
translate y * frame_number * %f }
}''' % (fname+'.inc', camera,
include.name(),
min_x, min_y, min_z,
max_x, min_y + step_y , max_z,
step_y)
out = open(fname+'.pov', 'w')
out.write(pov)
out.close
def make_png(fname, frames, povray_object, step_x, step_z):
'''Takes a pov file and generates png files that are slices of that pov scene
TODO: lower png color depth'''
## scale png so that 1 pixel is one step
width = int((povray_object.max_x() - povray_object.min_x()) / step_x)
height = int((povray_object.max_z() - povray_object.min_z()) / step_z)
cmd = 'povray +FN5 +Q0 +D0 +W%d +H%d +KFF%d %s.pov' % ( width, height,
frames, fname)
stdout_handle = os.popen(cmd, 'r')
povray_output = stdout_handle.read()
def image_to_gcode(in_file, step_x, step_y, depth, x, y, out_file):
'''Take a bitmapped image and generate gcode for cutting that image out.
x and y are offsets for the initial x and y position
step is the minimum distance you can move in the x or y directions.
Note that what image_to_gcode calls the y axis is really our z axis.
TODO: figure out how to use color depth?
TODO: output gcode that works on a reprap'''
im = Image.open(in_file)
size = im.size
im = im.convert("L") #grayscale
w, h = im.size
g = gcode.gcode(safetyheight=0.02)
out = open(out_file, 'w')
out.write(g.begin() + g.continuous() + g.safety() + g.rapid(0,0))
for j in range(h-1,-1,-1):
if j%2==1:
for i in range(w):
d = float(im.getpixel((i, h-j-1)) / 255.0) * depth - depth
out.write(g.cut(x, y, d, feed=12))
x += step_x
x -= step_x
else:
for i in range(w-1,-1,-1):
d = float(im.getpixel((i, h-j-1)) / 255.0) * depth - depth
out.write(g.cut(x, y, d, feed=12))
x -= step_x
x += step_x
y -= step_z
out.write(g.cut(y=y))
out.write(g.end())
out.close
def png_to_gcode(fname, num_files, step_x, step_y, depth):
'Given a range of png files, convert each to gcode'
for i in range(1, num_files+1):
image_to_gcode('%s%02d.png' % (fname, i), step_x, step_y,
depth, 0, 0, '%s%02d.gcode' % (fname, i))
class stl2gcode:
step_x = step_y = step_z = 0.1
depth = 0.008
x, y = 0, 0
#tolerance = 0.000000001
inside_vector = [-0.5, 0.68, 0.5] # TODO: calculate this
target = 'gcode' # target format should be one of inc, pov, png, gcode
filename=''
base_fname=''
def __init__(self, params):
for p in params: exec('self.' + p + ' = params[p]')
def convert(self):
'The main sub-- it converts stl to inc/pov to png to gcode'
self.base_fname, dot, extension = self.filename.rpartition('.');
## Generate inc file from stl
if extension != 'stl':
povray_inc = povray.object(self.base_fname + '.inc') # pull object from file
else:
povray_inc = povray_include(self.base_fname, self.inside_vector)
if self.target == 'inc': return povray_inc
## Generate pov file from stl
if extension in (['stl', 'inc']):
make_pov(self.base_fname, povray_inc, self.step_x, self.step_y, self.step_z)
if self.target == 'pov': return
layers = int((povray_inc.max_y() - povray_inc.min_y()) / self.step_y)
## Generate png files from pov and inc
if extension in (['stl', 'inc', 'pov']):
make_png(self.base_fname, layers, povray_inc, self.step_x, self.step_z)
if self.target == 'png': return
## Generate gcode files from png
if extension in (['stl', 'inc', 'pov', 'png']):
png_to_gcode(self.base_fname, layers, self.step_x, self.step_z, self.depth)
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