path: root/cad/src/foundation/Group.py

# Copyright 2004-2009 Nanorex, Inc.  See LICENSE file for details.
"""
Group.py -- Class (or superclass) for all non-leaf nodes in the
internal model tree of Nodes.

@author: Josh
@version: $Id$
@copyright: 2004-2009 Nanorex, Inc.  See LICENSE file for details.

History:

Originally by Josh; gradually has been greatly extended by Bruce,
but the basic structure of Nodes and Groups has not been changed.

Bruce 071110 split Group.py out of Utility.py. (And may soon
split out Node and/or LeafNode as well.)

Bruce 080305 changed superclass from Node to NodeWithAtomContents.
"""

from utilities import debug_flags

from utilities.debug import print_compact_stack, print_compact_traceback
from utilities.debug_prefs import debug_pref_History_print_every_selected_object

from utilities.icon_utilities import imagename_to_pixmap

from utilities.Log import redmsg, quote_html

import foundation.env as env

from foundation.state_constants import S_CHILDREN, S_DATA

from foundation.NodeWithAtomContents import NodeWithAtomContents

from commands.GroupProperties.GroupProp import GroupProp

# ==

_superclass = NodeWithAtomContents #bruce 080305 revised this

class Group(NodeWithAtomContents):
    """
    A kind of Node which groups other nodes (its .members,
    informally called its "kids") in the model tree, for drawing,
    and for selection.

    Its members can be various other kinds of Groups (subtrees of nodes)
    or non-Group Nodes (e.g. Jigs, Chunks).

    Group is used as both a concrete and abstract class.
    (I.e. it's instantiated directly, but also has subclasses.)
    """

    # default values of per-subclass constants

    featurename = "" # (redundant with Node)
        # It's intentional that we don't provide this for Group itself, so a
        # selected Group in the MT doesn't bother you by offering wiki help on
        # Group. Maybe we'll leave it off of Chunk as well... but maybe a
        # better system would be to let user turn it off for specific classes
        # they're familiar with, or to relegate it to a help submenu rather
        # than MT context menu, or in some other way make it less visible...
        # [bruce 051201]

    autodelete_when_empty = False # subclasses whose instances want most
        # current commands to delete them whenever they become empty should
        # define this to be True. (Individual instances could also override it
        # if desired.) The current command's keep_empty_group method
        # will then get to decide, assuming that command doesn't override its
        # autodelete_empty_groups method. [bruce 080305]
        # See also temporarily_prevent_autodelete_when_empty, below.

    _mmp_group_classifications = () # should be extended in some subclasses...
        # This should be a tuple of classifications that appear in
        # files_mmp._GROUP_CLASSIFICATIONS, most general first.
        # There is no need for more than one element except to support
        # old code reading new mmp files.
        # [bruce 080115]

    # instance variable default values and/or undoable state declarations
    # (note that copyable_attrs also declares undoable state, for Nodes)

    _s_attr_members = S_CHILDREN # this declares group.members for Undo
        # note: group.members are informally called its "kids",
        # but need not be identical to the output of group.MT_kids(),
        # which gives the list of nodes to show as its children in 
        # the Model Tree.

    temporarily_prevent_autodelete_when_empty = False
        # For explanation, see comments in default implem of
        # Command.autodelete_empty_groups method.
        # [bruce 080326, part of fixing logic bug 2705]

    _s_attr_temporarily_prevent_autodelete_when_empty = S_DATA

    # ==

    def __init__(self, name, assy, dad, members = (), editCommand = None): 
            ###@@@ review inconsistent arg order
        self.members = [] # must come before _superclass.__init__
        self.__cmfuncs = [] 
            # __cmfuncs lists funcs to call right after the next time
            # self.members is changed
        _superclass.__init__(self, assy, name, dad)
        self.open = True
        for ob in members:
            self.addchild(ob)

        #@Note: subclasses use this argument in self.edit() [review: still true?]
        # REVIEW: is defining this in the superclass Group,
        # which no longer uses it, still justified? [bruce 080801 question]
        self.editCommand = editCommand

        return

    def _um_initargs(self): #bruce 051013 [in class Group]
        
        """
        [Overrides Node._um_initargs; see its docstring.]
        """
        # [note: as of 060209 this is probably well-defined and correct (for
        #  most subclasses), but not presently used]
        return (self.name, self.assy), {} 
            # note reversed arg order from Node version
            # dad and members (like most inter-object links) are 
            # best handled separately

    def _undo_update(self): # in class Group [bruce 060306]
        self.changed_members() 
            # This is part of the fix for bug 1617; fixing it will also
            # require separate changes in MMKit by Mark. Review: is this safe
            # to do in arbitrary order vs. other Undo-related updates, or do
            # we need to only do it at the end, and/or in some order when
            # several Groups changed?? I don't know, so for now I'll wait and
            # see if we notice bugs from doing it in arbitrary order.
            # [bruce 060306]
        _superclass._undo_update(self)
        return

    def is_group(self):
        """
        [overrides Node method; see its docstring]
        """
        return True

    _extra_classifications = ()
    
    def set_extra_classifications( self, extra_classifications): #bruce 080115
        self._extra_classifications = list(extra_classifications)

    open_specified_by_mmp_file = False
    
    def readmmp_info_opengroup_setitem( self, key, val, interp ): 
        """
        This is called when reading an mmp file, for each "info opengroup"
        record which occurs right after this node's "group" record is read and
        no other node (or "group" record) has been read.
        
        Key is a list of words, val a string; the entire record format
        is presently [050421] "info opengroup <key> = <val>".
        Interp is an object to help us translate references in <val>
        into other objects read from the same mmp file or referred to by it.
        See the calls of this method from files_mmp for the doc of interp 
        methods.
        
        If key is recognized, set the attribute or property it refers to to
        val; otherwise do nothing (or for subclasses of Group which handle
        certain keys specially, call the same method in the superclass for
        other keys).
        
        (An unrecognized key, even if longer than any recognized key, is not
        an error. Someday it would be ok to warn about an mmp file containing
        unrecognized info records or keys, but not too verbosely (at most once
        per file per type of info).)
        """
        #bruce 050421, to read group open state from mmp file
        if key == ['open']:
            # val should be "True" or "False" (unrecognized vals are ignored)
            if val == 'True':
                self.open = True
                self.open_specified_by_mmp_file = True 
                    # so code to close the clipboard won't override it
            elif val == 'False':
                self.open = False
                self.open_specified_by_mmp_file = True
            elif debug_flags.atom_debug:
                print "atom_debug: maybe not an error: \"info opengroup open\" " \
                      "ignoring unrecognized val %r" % (val,)
        else:
            if debug_flags.atom_debug:
                print "atom_debug: fyi: info opengroup (in %r) with " \
                      "unrecognized key %r (not an error)" % (self, key,)
        return

    def drag_move_ok(self):
        return True # same as for Node

    def drag_copy_ok(self):
        return True 
            # for my testing... REVIEW: maybe make it False for Alpha though 050201

    def MT_DND_can_drop_inside(self): #bruce 080317
        """
        Are ModelTree Drag and Drop operations permitted to drop nodes
        inside self?

        [overrides Node method; overridden again in some subclasses]
        """
        return True # for most Groups

    def is_selection_group_container(self): #bruce 050131 for Alpha
        """
        Whether this group causes each of its direct members to be treated
        as a "selection group" (see another docstring for what that means,
        but note that it can be true of leaf nodes too, in spite of the name).
        [Intended to be overridden only by the Clipboard.]
        """
        return False # for most groups

    def haspicked(self): # bruce 050126
        """
        Whether node's subtree has any picked members.
        [See comments in Node.haspicked docstring.]
        """
        if self.picked:
            return True
        for m in self.members:
            if m.haspicked():
                return True
        return False

    def changed_members(self): #bruce 050121 new feature, now needed by BuildAtoms
        """
        Whenever something changes self.members in any way (insert, delete,
        reorder), it MUST call this method to inform us (but only *after* it
        makes the change); we'll inform other interested parties, if any.
        
        (To tell us you're an interested party, use
        call_after_next_changed_members.)
        
        Notes: This need not be called after changes in membership *within*
        our members, only after direct changes to our members list. Our
        members list is public, but whether it's incrementally changed (the
        same mutable list object) or replaced is not defined (and for whatever
        wants to change it, either one is acceptable). It is deprecated for
        anything other than a Group (or subclass) method to directly change
        self.members, but if it does, calling this immediately afterwards is
        required. [As of 050121 I don't know for sure if all code yet follows
        this rule, but I think it does. ##k]
        """
        self.invalidate_atom_content() #bruce 080306
        if self.part:
            self.part.changed() # does assy.changed too
        elif self.assy:
            # [bruce 050429 comment: I'm suspicious this is needed or good if
            # we have no part (re bug 413), but it's too dangerous to change
            # it just before a release, so bug 413 needs a different fix (and
            # anyway this is not the only source of assy.changed() from
            # opening a file -- at least chunk.setDisplayStyle also does it).
            # For Undo we might let .changed() propogate only into direct
            # parents, and then those assy.changed() would not happen and bug
            # 413 might be fixable differently.]
            self.assy.changed()
            # note: it is ok for something in part.changed() or assy.changed() 
            # to modify self.__cmfuncs
        cm = self.__cmfuncs
        if cm:
            self.__cmfuncs = [] # must do this first in case func appends to it
            for func in cm:
                try:
                    func(self)
                        # pass self, in case it's different from the object
                        # they subscribed to (due to kluge_change_class)
                except:
                    msg = "error in some cmfunc, ignored by %r" % self
                    print_compact_traceback( msg + ": ")
        return

    def _ac_recompute_atom_content(self): #bruce 080306
        """
        Recompute and return (but do not record) our atom content,
        optimizing this if it's exactly known on any node-subtrees.

        [Overrides superclass method. Subclasses whose kids are not exactly
         self.members must override or extend this further.]
        """
        atom_content = 0
        for member in self.members:
            atom_content |= (member._f_updated_atom_content())
        return atom_content

    def call_after_next_changed_members(self, func, only_if_new = False):
        """
        Call func once, right after the next time anything changes
        self.members. At that time, pass it one argument, self; ignore its
        retval; print error message (in debug version only) if it has
        exceptions.
        
        If our members are taken over by another Group instance (see
        kluge_change_class), then it, not us, will call func and be the
        argument passed to func.
        
        Typically, func should be an "invalidation function", recording the
        need to update something; when that update later occurs, it uses
        self.members and again supplies a func to this method. (If every call
        of func did an update and gave us a new func to record, this might be
        inefficient when self.members is changed many times in a row;
        nevertheless this is explicitly permitted, which means that we
        explicitly permit func, when called from our code, to itself call this
        method, supplying either the same func or a new one.)
        """
        # note: this method is no longer used as of 080821, but it can remain,
        # since it's still correct and potentially useful. [bruce 080821]
        if only_if_new and (func in self.__cmfuncs):
            return
        self.__cmfuncs.append( func) # might occur during use of same func!


    # methods before this are by bruce 050108 and should be 
    # reviewed when my rewrite is done ###@@@

    def get_topmost_subnodes_of_class(self, clas): #bruce 080115, revised 080807
        """
        Return a list of the topmost (direct or indirect)
        children of self (Nodes or Groups), but never self itself,
        which are instances of the given class (or of a subclass).
        
        That is, scanning depth-first into self's child nodes,
        for each child we include in our return value, we won't
        include any of its children.

        @param clas: a class.

        @note: to avoid import cycles, it's often desirable to
               specify the class as an attribute of a convenient
               Assembly object (e.g. xxx.assy.DnaSegment)
               rather than as a global value that needs to be imported
               (e.g. DnaSegment, after "from xxx import DnaSegment").

        @see: same-named method on class Part.
        """
        #NOTE: this method is duplicated in class Part (see Part.py) 
        #-- Ninad 2008-08-06 [bruce 090121 comment: TODO/FIX/REVIEW that]
        res = []
        for child in self.members:
            if isinstance( child, clas):
                res.append(child)
            elif child.is_group():
                res.extend( child.get_topmost_subnodes_of_class( clas) )
        return res

    def kluge_change_class(self, subclass):
        #bruce 050109 ###@@@ temporary [until files_mmp & assy make this kind
        # of assy.root, shelf, tree on their own]
        """
        Return a new Group with this one's members but of the specified subclass
        (and otherwise just like this Group, which must be in class Group itself,
        not a subclass). This won't be needed once class Assembly is fixed to make
        the proper subclasses directly.
        """
        assert self.__class__ is Group
        if self._encoded_classifications():
            # bug (or mmp format error), but an assertion might not be fully
            # safe [bruce 080115]
            msg = "Bug: self has _encoded_classifications %r (discarded) " \
                "in kluge_change_class to %r: %r" % \
                (self._encoded_classifications(), subclass.__name__, self)
            print msg
            env.history.message( redmsg(quote_html(msg)) )
            pass # but continue anyway
        new = subclass(self.name, self.assy, self.dad) # no members yet
        assert isinstance(new, Group) 
            # (but usually it's also some subclass of Group, unlike self)
        if self.dad:
            # don't use addmember, it tells the assy it changed
            # (and doesn't add new in right place either) --
            # just directly patch dad's members list to replace self with new
            ind = self.dad.members.index(self)
            self.dad.members[ind] = new
                # don't tell dad its members changed, until new is finished (below)
            self.dad = None # still available in new.dad if we need it
        new.members = self.members # let new steal our members directly
        new.__cmfuncs = self.__cmfuncs 
            # and take responsibility for our members changing...
        self.__cmfuncs = []
        # self should no longer be used; enforce this
        self.members = 333 # not a sequence
        self.temporarily_prevent_autodelete_when_empty = False 
            #bruce 080326 precaution, probably not needed
        self.node_icon = "<bug if this is called>" 
            # REVIEW: setting self.node_icon here causes a pylint error
            # message on a different line, "def node_icon". I don't know why,
            # and I think pylint is wrong (or if not, wrong to not refer to
            # this line). However, this line is definitely questionable and
            # confusing -- should clean up. [bruce 090121 comment]
        for mem in new.members:
            mem.dad = new
            # bruce 050205 design discussion: 
            # should we now call mem.changed_dad()? 
            #
            # * reasons yes: new's new class might differ in rules for
            # selgroup or space (e.g. be the top of a selgroup) and change_dad
            # might be noticing and responding to that change, so this might
            # turn out to be required if something has cached that info in mem
            # already.
            #
            # * reasons no: ... some vague uneasiness. Oh, it might falsely
            # tell assy it changed, but I think our caller handles that. 
            #
            # So yes wins, unless bugs show up!
            # BUT: don't do this until we're all done (so new is entirely valid).
            ## mem.changed_dad()
        for attr in ['open', 'hidden', 'picked']:
            # not name, assy, dad (done in init or above),
            # selgroup, space (done in changed_dad)
            try:
                val = getattr(self, attr)
            except AttributeError:
                pass # .open will go away soon;
                # others are probably always defined but I'm not sure
                # (and should not care here, as long as I get them all)
            else:
                setattr(new, attr, val)
        for mem in new.members:
            mem.changed_dad() # reason is explained above [bruce 050205]
        new.dad.changed_members() 
            # since new class is different from self.class, this might be
            # needed ###@@@ is it ok?
        return new

    #bruce 050113 deprecated addmember and confined it to Node; see its 
    # docstring.
    #bruce 071110 split def addmember between Node and Group,
    # so Node needn't import Group now that they're in different modules.
    def addmember(self, node, before_or_top = False):
        """
        [Deprecated public method]
        [overrides Node implem; different behavior;
         see Node implem docstring for documentation of both implems]
        """
        if not self.MT_DND_can_drop_inside():
            #bruce 080317 -- we should revise all addmember calls that this
            #turns up to test what they care about and call addchild or
            #addsibling explicitly
            msg = "WARNING: addmember on class of %r has not been reviewed" \
                  " for correctness"
            print_compact_stack( msg + ": " % self) ###

        self.addchild( node, top = before_or_top)
        return

    def addchild(self, 
                 newchild, 
                 _guard_ = 050201, 
                 top = False, 
                 after = None, 
                 before = None ):
        """
        Add the given node, newchild, to the end (aka. bottom) of this Group's
        members list, or to the specified place (top aka. beginning, or after
        some child or index, or before some child or index) if one of the
        named arguments is given.
        
        Ok even if newchild is already a member of self, in same or different
        location than requested (it will be moved), or a member of some other
        Group (it will be removed). (Behavior with more than one named
        argument is undefined.)
        
        Note: the existence of this method (as an attribute) might be used as
        a check for whether a Node can be treated like a Group [as of 050201].

        Special case: legal and no effect if newchild is None or 0 (or
        anything false); this turns out to be needed by
        assy.copy_sel/Group.copy or Jig.copy! [050131 comment]

        [Warning (from when this was called addmember): semantics (place of
        insertion, and optional arg name/meaning) are not consistent with
        Node.addmember; see my comments in its docstring. -- bruce 050110]
        
        [note, 050315: during low-level node-tree methods like addchild and
        delmember, and also during pick and unpick methods, there is no
        guarantee that the Part structure of our assy's node tree is correct,
        so checkparts should not be called, and assy.part should not be asked
        for; in general, these methods might need to know that each node has a
        part (perhaps None), but they should treat the mapping from nodes to
        parts as completely arbitrary, except for calling inherit_part to help
        maintain it.]
        """
        #bruce 050113 renamed from addmember
        #bruce 050110/050206 updated docstring based on current code
        # Note: Lots of changes implemented at home 050201-050202 but 
        # not committed until 050206 (after Alpha out); most dates
        # 050201-050202 below are date of change at home.
        #bruce 050201 added _guard_, after, before
        assert _guard_ == 050201
        if newchild is None:
            #bruce 050201 comment: sometimes newchild was the number 0,
            # since Group.copy returned that as a failure code!!!
            # Or it can be None (Jig.copy, or Group.copy after I revised it).
            return

        # check self and newchild are ok and in same assy [bruce 080218]
        # Note: we can't assert not self.killed() or not newchild.killed(),
        # since new nodes look killed due to .dad being None (a defect in
        # current implem of killed? or a misnaming of it, if it really means
        # "in the model"?). If we try, we fail while making any new Group
        # with a members list, including assy.root. Should revise Node.killed
        # to not be true for new nodes, only for killed but not revived ones.
        ## assert not self.killed(), "self must not be killed in %r.addchild(%r)" % \
        ##        (self, newchild)
        # But this should fail for really-killed self or newchild, as long as
        # we keep setting their assy to None -- but the 2nd one is temporarily
        # just a debug print, since it fails in InsertDna_EditCommand.py when
        # used with dna updater (need to fix that soon):
        assert self.assy is not None, "%r has no .assy in addchild" % self
        ## assert self.assy is newchild.assy, \
        if not (self.assy is newchild.assy):
            print "\nBUG***: " \
                  "%r.addchild(%r) assy mismatch: %r is not %r" % \
                  (self, newchild, self.assy, newchild.assy)

        #bruce 050205: adding several safety checks (and related new feature
        #of auto-delmember) for help with MT DND; they're a good idea anyway.
        #See also today's changes to changed_dad().
        if newchild.dad and not (newchild in newchild.dad.members):
            # This is really a bug or a very deprecated behavior, but we
            # tolerate it for now.
            # Details: some node-creating methods like molecule.copy and/or
            # Group.copy have the unpleasant habit of setting dad in the newly
            # made node without telling the dad! This almost certainly means
            # the other dad-related aspects of the node are wrong... probably
            # best to just pretend those methods never did that. Soon after
            # Alpha we should fix them all and then make this a detected error
            # and no longer tolerate it.
            if debug_flags.atom_debug:
                msg = "atom_debug: addchild setting newchild.dad to None " \
                      "since newchild not in dad's members: %s, %s" % \
                      (self, newchild)
                print_compact_stack(msg)
            newchild.dad = None
        if newchild.is_ascendant(self):
            #bruce 050205 adding this for safety (should prevent DND-move
            #cycles as a last resort, tho might lose moved nodes) (this msg
            #covers newchild is self too, since that's a length-1 cycle)
            print "\nBUG: addchild refusing to form a cycle, " \
                  "doing nothing; this indicates a bug in the caller:", \
                  self, newchild
            return
        if newchild.dad:
            # first cleanly remove newchild from its prior home. (Callers not
            # liking this can set newchild.dad = None before calling us. But
            # doing so (or not liking this) is deprecated.)
            if newchild.dad is self:
                # this might be wanted (as a way of moving a node within
                # self.members) (and a caller might request it by accident
                # when moving a node from a general position, so we want to
                # cooperate), but the general-case code won't work if the
                # before or after options were used, whether as nodes (if the
                # node used as a marker is newchild itself) or as indices
                # (since removal of newchild will change indices of subsequent
                # nodes). So instead, if those options were used, we fix them
                # to work.                
                if type(before) is type(1):
                        # indices will change, use real nodes instead (ok even
                        # if real node is 'newchild'! we detect that below)
                    before = self.members[before]
                if type(after) is type(1):
                    after = self.members[after]
                if before is newchild or after is newchild:
                    # this is a noop, and it's basically a valid request, so
                    # just do it now (i.e. return immediately); note that
                    # general-case code would fail since these
                    # desired-position-markers would be gone once we remove
                    # newchild from self.members.
                    return
                # otherwise (after our fixes above) the general-case code
                # should be ok. Fall thru to removing newchild from prior home
                # (in this case, self), before re-adding it in a new place.
                
            # remove newchild from its prior home (which may or may not be
            # self):
            newchild.dad.delmember(newchild, unpick = False)
            
                # this sets newchild.dad to None, but doesn't mess with its
                # .part, .assy, etc
                
                #bruce 080502 bugfix (of undo/redo losing selectedness of PAM
                # DNA chunks when this is called by dna updater to put them in
                # possibly different groups): passing unpick = False
                
        # Only now will we actually insert newchild into self.
        # [end of this part of bruce 050205 changes]

        ## self.assy.changed() # now done by changed_members below
            # (todo: and what about informing the model tree, if it's
            # displaying us? probably we need some subscription-to-changes or
            # modtime system...) [review: obs cmt? that's probably fixed by now]
        if top:
            self.members.insert(0, newchild) # Insert newchild at the very top
        elif after is not None: # 0 has different meaning than None!
            if type(after) is not type(0):
                after = self.members.index(after) 
                    # raises ValueError if not found, that's fine
            if after == -1:
                self.members += [newchild]
                    # Add newchild to the bottom (.insert at -1+1 doesn't do
                    # what we want for this case)
            else:
                self.members.insert(after+1, newchild) 
                    # Insert newchild after the given position 
                    # (check: does this work for negative indices?)
        elif before is not None:
            if type(before) is not type(0):
                before = self.members.index(before) 
                    # raises ValueError if not found, that's fine
            self.members.insert(before, newchild) 
                # Insert newchild before the given position 
                # (check: does this work for negative indices?)
        else:
            self.members.append(newchild) 
                # Add newchild to the bottom, i.e. end (default case)
        newchild.dad = self
        newchild.changed_dad() 
            # note: this picks newchild if newchild.dad is picked, and
            # sometimes calls inherit_part
        newchild.dad.changed_members()
            # must be done *after* they change and *after* changed_dad has
            # made them acceptable for new dad
        
        # Note: if we moved newchild from one place to another in self,
        # changed_members is called twice, once after deletion and once after
        # re-insertion. That's probably ok, but I should #doc this in the
        # related subscriber funcs so callers are aware of it. [bruce 050205]
        return

    def delmember(self, obj, unpick = True):
        if obj.dad is not self: 
            # bruce 050205 new feature -- check for this (but do nothing about
            # it)
            if debug_flags.atom_debug:
                msg = "atom_debug: fyi: delmember finds obj.dad is not self"
                print_compact_stack( msg + ": ") #k does this ever happen?
        if unpick: 
            #bruce 080502 new feature: let this unpick be optional (before
            #now, it was always done)
            obj.unpick() 
                #bruce 041029 fix bug 145 [but callers should not depend on
                #this happening! see below]
                
            #k [bruce 050202 comment, added 050205]: review this unpick again
            #sometime, esp re DND drag_move (it might be more relevant for
            #addchild than for here; more likely it should be made not needed
            #by callers)
            
            # [bruce 050203 review: this unpick is still needed, to keep
            # killed obj out of selmols, unless we revise things enough to let
            # us invalidate selmols here, or the like; and [050206] we should,
            # since this side effect is sometimes bad (though I forget which
            # recent case of it bugged me a lot).]
            
        ## self.assy.changed() # now done by changed_members below
        try:
            self.members.remove(obj)
        except:
            # relying on this being permitted is deprecated [bruce 050121]
            if debug_flags.atom_debug:
                msg = "atom_debug: fyi: delmember finds obj not in members list"
                print_compact_stack( msg + ": ") #k does this ever happen?
            return
        obj.dad = None # bruce 050205 new feature
        if not self.members:
            # part of fix for logic bug 2705 [bruce 080326]
            if self.temporarily_prevent_autodelete_when_empty:
                del self.temporarily_prevent_autodelete_when_empty
                    # restore class-default state (must be False)
            pass
        self.changed_members() # must be done *after* they change
        return

    def steal_members(self): #bruce 050526
        """
        Remove all of this group's members (like delmember would do) and
        return them as a list. Assume self doesn't yet have a dad and no
        members are picked.

        [Private method, for copy -- not reviewed for general use!]
        """
        res = self.members
        self.members = []
        for obj in res:
            self.temporarily_prevent_autodelete_when_empty = False 
                #bruce 080326 precaution
            if obj.dad is not self: # error, debug-reported but ignored
                if debug_flags.atom_debug:
                    msg = "atom_debug: fyi: steal_members finds obj.dad is not self"
                    print_compact_stack( msg + ": ") #k does this ever happen?
            obj.dad = None
        # assume not needed for our private purpose, though it would be
        # needed in general:
        ## self.changed_members()
        return res

    def pick(self):
        """
        select the Group -- and therefore (due to our selection invariants)
        all its members

        [extends Node.pick]
        """
        _superclass.pick(self)
            # note: important for speed to do _superclass.pick first, so
            # ob.pick() sees it's picked when its subr scans up the tree
            # [bruce 050131 comment]
        for ob in self.members:
            ob.pick()
        if debug_pref_History_print_every_selected_object():
            # bruce 050131 comment:
            # I'm very skeptical of doing this history.message
            # recursively, but I'm not changing it for Alpha
            msg = self.description_for_history()
            env.history.message( msg )
        return

    def description_for_history(self):
        """
        Return something to print in the history whenever we are selected

        [some subclasses should override this]
        """
        return "Group Name: [" + self.name +"]"

    def unpick(self):
        """
        unselect the Group -- and all its members! [see also unpick_top]

        [extends Node method]
        """
        _superclass.unpick(self)
        for ob in self.members:
            ob.unpick()

    def unpick_top(self): #bruce 050131 for Alpha: bugfix
        """
        [Group implem -- go up but don't go down]
        [extends Node method]
        """
        #redoc, and clean it all up
        _superclass.unpick(self)

    def unpick_all_members_except(self, node): #bruce 050131 for Alpha
        """
        [private method; #doc; overrides Node method]
        """
        # todo: should probably inline into unpick_all_except and split that
        # for Node/Group
        res = False
        for ob in self.members:
            res1 = ob.unpick_all_except( node)
            res = res or res1
            # note: the above is *not* equivalent (in side effects)
            # to res = res or ob.unpick_all_except( node)!
        return res

    def is_glpane_content_itself(self): #bruce 080319
        """
        For documentation, see the Node implementation of this method.

        [overrides Node method; not normally overridden on subclasses of Group]
        """
        return False

    def pick_if_all_glpane_content_is_picked(self): #bruce 080319
        """
        If not self.is_glpane_content_itself()
        (which is the case for Group and all subclasses as of 080319),
        but if some of self's content *is* "glpane content" in that sense,
        and if all such content is picked, then pick self.
        (Note that picking self picks all its contents.)

        @return: whether self contains any (or is, itself) "glpane content".

        @note: in spite of the name, if self contains *no* glpane content,
               and is not glpane content itself, this does not pick self.

        [overrides Node method; shouldn't need to be overridden on subclasses,
         since they can override is_glpane_content_itself instead]
        """
        has_glpane_content = False # modified below if glpane content is found
        any_is_unpicked = False # modified below; only covers glpane content

        for m in self.members:
            m_has_glpane_content = m.pick_if_all_glpane_content_is_picked()
            if m_has_glpane_content:
                has_glpane_content = True
                if not m.picked:
                    any_is_unpicked = True
                    # this means we won't pick self, but we must still
                    # continue, to determine has_glpane_content
                    # and to call pick_if_all_glpane_content_is_picked for its
                    # side effects within remaining members
            continue

        for m in [self]: # this form shows the similarity with the above loop
            m_has_glpane_content = m.is_glpane_content_itself()
            if m_has_glpane_content:
                has_glpane_content = True
                if not m.picked:
                    any_is_unpicked = True
            continue

        if any_is_unpicked and self.picked:
            print "\n*** BUG: %r is picked but apparently has unpicked content" % self

        if has_glpane_content and not any_is_unpicked:
            # note: we might add arguments which modify when this behavior
            # occurs, e.g., to disable it for ordinary Groups which are not
            # inside any special Groups (such as DnaGroups) for some callers;
            # if so, they may be able to skip some of the member loop as well.
            self.pick()

        return has_glpane_content

    def _f_move_nonpermitted_members( self, **opts): # in Group [bruce 080319]
        """
        [friend method for enforce_permitted_members_in_groups]

        Find all non-permitted nodes at any level inside self.
        For each such node, if it can find a home by moving higher within self,
        move it there, otherwise move it outside self, to just after self in
        self.dad (after calling self.part.ensure_toplevel_group() to make sure
         self.dad is in the same part as self). (When moving several nodes
         after self from one source, try to preserve their relative order.
         When from several sources, keep putting newly moved ones after
         earlier moved ones. This is less important than safety and efficiency.)

        If this makes self sufficiently invalid to need to be killed,
        it's up to the caller to find out (via _f_wants_to_be_killed)
        and kill self. We don't do this here in case the caller wants to
        defer it (though as of 080319, they don't).

        @return: whether we ejected any nodes.
        """
        have_unscanned_members = True
        move_after_this = self # a cursor in self.dad, to add new nodes after
        while have_unscanned_members:
            have_unscanned_members = False # might be changed below
            for m in self.members[:]:
                if not self.permit_as_member(m, **opts):
                    # eject m
                    if move_after_this is self:
                        self.part.ensure_toplevel_group() 
                            # must do this before first use of self.dad
                    self.dad.addchild(m, after = move_after_this) 
                        #k verify it removes m from old home == self
                    move_after_this = m
                    # emit a summary message
                    summary_format = \
                        "Warning: ejected [N] nonpermitted member(s) of a " \
                        "%s of class %s" % \
                        (self.short_classname(), m.short_classname())
                    env.history.deferred_summary_message( redmsg(summary_format) )
                else:
                    # keep m, but process it recursively
                    ejected_anything = m.is_group() and \
                                       m._f_move_nonpermitted_members(**opts)
                        # note: if self cares about deeper (indirect) members,
                        # it would have to pass new opts to indicate this to
                        # lower levels. so far this is not needed.
                        # note: this already added the ejected nodes (if any)
                        # into self after m!
                    if ejected_anything:
                        if m._f_wants_to_be_killed(**opts):
                            m.kill()
                            summary_format = \
                                "Warning: killed [N] invalid object(s) of class %s" % \
                                (m.short_classname(), )
                            env.history.deferred_summary_message( 
                                redmsg(summary_format) )
                        have_unscanned_members = True
                        # we might (or might not) improve the ordering of
                        # moved nodes by starting over here using 'break', but
                        # in some cases this might be much slower (quadratic
                        # time or worse), so don't do it
                continue # next m
            continue # while have_unscanned_members

        return (move_after_this is not self) # whether anything was ejected

    def permit_as_member(self, node, pre_updaters = True, **opts): # in Group
        """
        [friend method for enforce_permitted_members_in_groups and subroutines]

        Does self permit node as a direct member,
        when called from enforce_permitted_members_in_groups with
        the same options as we are passed?

        @rtype: boolean

        [overridden in some subclasses]
        """
        return True

    def _f_wants_to_be_killed(self, pre_updaters = True, **opts): # in Group
        """
        [friend method for enforce_permitted_members_in_groups and subroutines]

        Does self want to be killed due to members that got ejected
        by _f_move_nonpermitted_members (or due to completely invalid structure
        from before then, and no value in keeping self even temporarily)?

        @rtype: boolean

        [overridden in some subclasses]
        """
        return False

    # ==
    
    def permit_addnode_inside(self): #bruce 080626 added this to Group API
        """
        Can UI operations wanting to add new nodes to some convenient place
        decide to add them inside this Group?

        [should be overridden in some Group subclasses which look like leaf nodes
         to the user when seen in the model tree]
        """
        return True # for most Groups
    
    # ==

    def inherit_part(self, part): # Group method; bruce 050308
        """
        Self (a Group) is inheriting part from its dad.
        Set this part in self and all partless kids
        (assuming those are all at the top of the nodetree under self).
        [extends Node method]
        """
        _superclass.inherit_part(self, part)
        for m in self.members:
            if m.part is None:
                m.inherit_part(part)
        return

    def all_content_is_hidden(self): # Ninad 080129; revised by Bruce 080205
        """
        [overrides Node.all_content_is_hidden]
        Return True if *all* members of this group are hidden. Otherwise
        return False.
        @see: dna_model.DnaGroup.node_icon() for an example use.
        """
        for memberNode in self.members:
            if not memberNode.all_content_is_hidden():
                return False
        return True

    def hide(self):
        for ob in self.members:
            ob.hide()

    def unhide(self):
        for ob in self.members:
            ob.unhide()

    def apply2all(self, fn):
        """
        Apply fn to self and (as overridden here in Group) all its members.
        It's safe for fn to modify self.members list (since we scan a copy),
        but if members of not-yet-scanned nodes are modified, that will affect
        what nodes are reached by our scan, since each nodes' members list is
        copied only when we reach it. For example, if fn moves a node to a later
        subtree, then the same apply2all scan will reach the same node again
        in its new position.
        [overrides Node implem]
        """
        fn(self)
        for ob in self.members[:]:
            ob.apply2all(fn)

    def apply_to_groups(self, fn):
        """
        Like apply2all, but only applies fn to all Group nodes (at or under self).

        @note: this *does* apply fn to leaf-like Groups such as DnaStrand,
               and to any groups inside them (even though they are not
               user-visible in the model tree).
        
        [overrides Node implem]
        """
        fn(self)
        for ob in self.members[:]:
            ob.apply_to_groups(fn)

    def apply2picked(self, fn):
        """
        Apply fn to the topmost picked nodes under (or equal to) self. That
        is, scan the tree of self and its members (to all levels including
        leaf nodes), applying fn to all picked nodes seen, but not scanning
        into the members of picked nodes. Thus, for any node, fn is never
        applied to both that node and any of its ancestors. For effect of fn
        modifying a members list, see comments in apply2all docstring. [An
        example of (i hope) a safe way of modifying it, as of 050121, is in
        Group.ungroup.]
        
        [overrides Node implem]
        """
        if self.picked:
            fn(self)
        else:
            for ob in self.members[:]:
                ob.apply2picked(fn)

    def hindmost(self): ###@@@ should rename
        """
        [docstring is meant for both Node and Group methods taken together:]
        
        Thinking of nodes as subtrees of the model tree, return the smallest
        subtree of self which contains all picked nodes in this subtree, or None
        if there are no picked nodes in this subtree. Note that the result does
        not depend on the order of traversal of the members of a Group.
        """
        if self.picked:
            return self
        node = None
        for x in self.members:
            h = x.hindmost()
            if node and h:
                return self
            node = node or h
        return node

    def permits_ungrouping(self):
        """
        Should the user interface permit users to dissolve this Group
        using self.ungroup?
        [Some subclasses should override this.]
        """
        return True # yes, for normal groups.

    def ungroup(self):
        """
        If this Node is a Group, dissolve it, letting its members
        join its dad, if this is possible and if it's permitted as a
        user-requested operation. [bruce 050121 thinks this should be
        split into whether this is permitted, and doing it whether or
        not it's permitted; the present method is really a UI operation
        rather than a structural primitive.]
        [overrides Node.ungroup]
        """
        #bruce 050121 revised: use permits_ungrouping;
        # add kids in place of self within dad (rather than at end)
        if self.dad and self.permits_ungrouping():
            ## if self.name == self.assy.name: return
            ## (that's now covered by permits_ungrouping)
            for x in self.members[:]:
                ## x.moveto(self.dad) 
                ##     # todo: should probably put them before self in there
                self.delmember(x)
                self.addsibling(x, before = True)
                    # put them before self, to preserve order [bruce 050126]
            self.kill()

    # == Group copy methods [revised/added by bruce 050524-050526]

    def will_copy_if_selected(self, sel, realCopy):
        # wware 060329 added realCopy arg
        if realCopy:
            # [bruce 060329 comment on wware code:]
            # This recursion is just to print warnings. It's safe for now,
            # since this function is apparently not itself called recursively
            # while copying Group members, but that might change, and if it
            # does this will also need to change. It also appears to be
            # incorrect, at least in some cases, e.g. a Measure Distance jig
            # in a Group gets copied even if only one atom does (in spite of
            # having printed this message), though the produced object gives a
            # traceback when displayed. And the easiest fix for that might be
            # for copying to do a recursive call of this, which is exactly
            # what would make this method's own recursion unneeded and unsafe
            # (it would become exponential in number of nested Groups, in
            # runtime and number of redundant warnings).
            for x in self.members:
                x.will_copy_if_selected(sel, True)
        return True

    def copy_full_in_mapping(self, mapping): # Group method
        """
        #doc; overrides Node method
        """
        # todo: merge with copy_with_provided_copied_partial_contents 
        # (similar but not identical code and comments)
        
        #bruce 050526, revised 080314, 081212
        # Note: the subclasses of Group include
        # DnaGroup, DnaStrand and DnaSegment (which are effectively new kinds
        # of model objects), and PartGroup and ClipboardShelfGroup (which
        # are needed in special places/roles in the MT to give them special
        # behavior). The special-MT-place subclasses probably need to be copied
        # as ordinary Groups, whereas the Dna-related classes need to be
        # copied as instances of the same subclass. To support this distinction
        # (new feature and likely bugfix), I'll introduce a method to return
        # the class to use for making copies. 
        # [bruce 080314, comment revised 080331]
        class_for_copies = self._class_for_copies(mapping)
        new = class_for_copies(self.name, mapping.assy, None)
        ## probably not needed:
        ## self._copy_editCommand_to_copy_of_self_if_desirable(new)
        self.copy_copyable_attrs_to(new)
            # redundantly copies .name; also copies .open.
            # (This might be wrong for some Group subclasses! 
            #  Not an issue for now, but someday it might be better to use 
            #  attrlist from target, or intersection of their attrlists...)
        mapping.record_copy(self, new) # asserts it was not already copied
        for mem in self.members:
            memcopy = mem.copy_full_in_mapping(mapping) 
                # can be None, if mem refused to be copied
            if memcopy is not None:
                new.addchild(memcopy)
        return new

    def _class_for_copies(self, mapping): #bruce 080314
        """
        [private; overridden in PartGroup and ClipboardShelfGroup]

        Return the subclass of Group which should be used for making copies of self.
        """
        # default implem, for subclasses meant for new model objects
        return self.__class__

    def copy_with_provided_copied_partial_contents( self, name, assy, dad, members):
        """
        Imitate Group(name, assy, dad, members) but using the correct class
        for copying self. (Arg signature is like that of Group.__init__
        except that all args are required.)

        @param dad: None, or a node we should make our new parent node.

        @note: in current calls, members will be a partial copy of self.members,
               possibly modified with wrapping groups, merged or dissolved 
               internal groups, partialness of copy at any level, etc.

        @note: assy might not be self.assy, but will be the assy of all passed
               members and dad.
        """
        #bruce 080414
        # todo: merge with copy_full_in_mapping 
        # (similar but not identical code and comments)
        
        mapping = "KLUGE: we know all implems of _class_for_copies ignore this argument"
            # this KLUGE needs cleanup after the release
        class_for_copies = self._class_for_copies(mapping)
        new = class_for_copies(name, assy, dad, members)
        ## probably not needed:
        ## self._copy_editCommand_to_copy_of_self_if_desirable(new)
        self.copy_copyable_attrs_to(new)
            # redundantly copies .name [messing up the one we just passed];
            # also copies .open.
            # (This might be wrong for some Group subclasses! 
            #  Not an issue for now, but someday it might be better to use 
            #  attrlist from target, or intersection of their attrlists...)
        new.name = name # fix what copy_copyable_attrs_to might have messed up
        return new

    # ==

    def kill(self): # in class Group
        """
        [extends Node method]
        """
        #bruce 050214: called Node.kill instead of inlining it; enhanced
        # Node.kill; and fixed bug 381 by killing all members first.
        self._f_prekill() 
            # note: this has to be done before killing the members,
            # even though _superclass.kill might do it too [bruce 060327]
        for m in self.members[:]:
            m.kill()
        _superclass.kill(self)

    def _f_set_will_kill(self, val): #bruce 060327 in Group
        """
        [private helper method for _f_prekill; see its docstring for details;
        subclasses with owned objects should extend this]
        [extends Node method]
        """
        _superclass._f_set_will_kill( self, val)
        for m in self.members:
            m._f_set_will_kill( val)
        return

    def reset_subtree_part_assy(self): #bruce 051227
        """
        [extends Node method]
        """
        for m in self.members[:]:
            m.reset_subtree_part_assy()
        _superclass.reset_subtree_part_assy(self)
        return

    def is_ascendant(self, node):
        """
        [overrides Node.is_ascendant, which is a very special case of the same
        semantics]
        
        Returns True iff self is an ascendant of node,
        i.e. if the subtree of nodes headed by self contains node.
        (node must be a Node or None (for None we return False);
         thus it's legal to call this for node being any node's dad.)
        """
            #e rename nodetree_contains? is_ancestor? (tho true of self too)
            #e or just contains? (no, not obvious arg is a node)
        while node is not None:
            if node is self:
                return True
            node = node.dad
        return False

    def nodespicked(self):
        """
        Return the number of nodes currently selected in this subtree.
        [extends Node.nodespicked()]

        Warning (about current implementation [050113]): scans the entire
        tree... calling this on every node in the tree might be slow (every
        node scanned as many times as it is deep in the tree).
        """
        npick = _superclass.nodespicked(self)
            # bruce 050126 bugfix: was 0 (as if this was called leavespicked)
        for ob in self.members:
            npick += ob.nodespicked()
        return npick

    def node_icon(self, display_prefs):
        open = display_prefs.get('open', False)
        if open:
            return imagename_to_pixmap("modeltree/group-expanded.png")
        else:
            return imagename_to_pixmap("modeltree/group-collapsed.png")

    def MT_kids(self, display_prefs = {}): 
        #bruce 050109; 080108 renamed from kids to MT_kids, revised semantics
        """
        [Overrides Node.MT_kids(); is overridden in some subclasses]

        Return the ordered list of our kids which should be displayed in a
        model tree widget which is using (for this node itself) the given
        display prefs.

        (These might include the boolean pref 'open', default False, telling us
         whether the tree widget plans to show our kids or not. But there is
         no need to check for that, since the caller will only actually show
         our MT_kids if self is openable and open. Note that some
         implementations of self.openable() might check whether MT_kids
         returns any kids or not, so ideally it should be fast.)

        (Don't include inter-kid gaps for drag & drop explicitly as kids;
         see another method for that. ###nim)

        Subclasses can override this; this version is valid for any Group
        whose .members don't need filtering or updating or augmenting (like
        PartGroup does as of 050109).

        @see: self.openable()
        @see: Node_api.MT_kids docstring, which is more definitive than this one
        @see: Group.MT_kids
        """
        # [Note that it ought to be ok for subclasses to have a set of MT_kids
        #  which is not related to their .members, provided callers (tree
        #  widgets) never assume node.dad corresponds to the parent relation in
        #  their own tree of display items. I don't know how well the existing
        #  caller (modelTree.py) follows this so far. -- bruce 050113.
        #  Update, bruce 080306 -- maybe as of a change today, it does -- 
        #  we'll see.]
        
        return self.members #bruce 081217 removed list() wrapper

    def openable(self):
        """
        whether tree widgets should permit the user to open/close
        their view of this node, and show children when it's open

        [overrides Node method]
        """
        # if we decide this depends on the tree widget or on something about
        # it, we'll have to pass in some args... don't do that unless/until we
        # need to.
        return True
    
    def edit(self):
        """
        [this is overridden in some subclasses of Group]
        @see: DnaGroup.edit() for an example (overrides this method)
        """
        cntl = GroupProp(self) # Normal group prop
        cntl.exec_()
        self.assy.mt.mt_update()

    def getProps(self): # probably by Ninad
        """
        Get specific properties of this Group (if it is editable).
        Overridden in subclasses.
        Default implementation returns an empty tuple.
        @see: DnaSegment.getProps() for an example.
        """
        return ()

    def setProps(self, props): # probably by Ninad
        """
        Set certain properties (set vals for some attrs of this group).
        Overridden in subclasses.
        Default implementation does nothing.
        @see: self.getProps()
        @see: DnaSegment.setProps() for an example.
        """
        return

    def dumptree(self, depth = 0): # just for debugging
        print depth * "...", self.name
        for x in self.members:
            if x.dad is not self:
                print "bad thread:", x, self, x.dad
            x.dumptree(depth + 1)
        return

    def draw(self, glpane, dispdef): #bruce 050615, 071026 revised this
        if self.hidden:
            #k does this ever happen? This state might only be stored 
            # on the kids... [bruce 050615 question]
            return
##        self._draw_begin(glpane, dispdef)
        try:
            for ob in self.members: ## [:]:
                ob.draw(glpane, dispdef) #see also self.draw_after_highlighting
            # Check: Do they actually use dispdef? I know some of them 
            # sometimes circumvent it (i.e. look directly at outermost one).
            # Todo: I might like to get them to honor it, and generalize
            # dispdef into "drawing preferences". Or it might be easier for
            # drawing prefs to be separately pushed and popped in the glpane
            # itself... we have to worry about things which are drawn before
            # or after main drawing loop -- they might need to figure out
            # their dispdef (and coords) specially, or store them during first
            # pass (like renderpass.py egcode does when it stores modelview
            # matrix for transparent objects). [bruce 050615 comments]
        except:
            msg = "exception in drawing some Group member; skipping to end"
            print_compact_traceback(msg + ": ")
##        self._draw_end(glpane, dispdef)
        return

    def draw_after_highlighting(self, glpane, dispdef, pickCheckOnly = False):
        """
        Things to draw after highlighting. See superclass method for more info.
        @see: self.draw()
        @see: Node.draw_after_highlighting() which this overrides
        """
        anythingDrawn = False

        if not self.hidden:
            for member in self.members:
                anythingDrawn_by_member = member.draw_after_highlighting(
                    glpane,
                    dispdef,
                    pickCheckOnly = pickCheckOnly )
                if anythingDrawn_by_member:
                    anythingDrawn = True

        return anythingDrawn


##    def _draw_begin(self, glpane, dispdef): #bruce 050615
##        """
##        Subclasses can override this to change how their child nodes are drawn.
##        """
##        pass
##
##    def _draw_end(self, glpane, dispdef): #bruce 050615
##        """
##        Subclasses which override _draw_begin should also override _draw_end to
##        undo whatever changes were made by _draw_begin (preferably by popping
##        stacks, rather than by doing inverse transformations, which only work
##        if nothing was messed up by child nodes or exceptions from them, and
##        which might be subject to numerical errors).
##        """
##        pass

    def getstatistics(self, stats):
        """
        add group to part stats
        """
        stats.ngroups += 1
        for ob in self.members:
            ob.getstatistics(stats)

    def writemmp(self, mapping): #bruce 080115 use classifications
        encoded_classifications = self._encoded_classifications()
        mapping.write( "group (%s)%s\n" % (
            mapping.encode_name( self.name),
            encoded_classifications and
            (" " + encoded_classifications) or ""
        ))

        # someday: we might optimize by skipping info opengroup open if it has
        # the default value, but it's hard to find out what that is reliably
        # for the various special cases. It's not yet known if it will be
        # meaningful for all subclasses, so we write it for all of them for
        # now. [bruce 080115 comment, revised 080331]
        mapping.write("info opengroup open = %s\n" % 
                      (self.open and "True" or "False"))
            # All "info opengroup" records should be written before we write
            # any of our members. If Group subclasses override this method
            # (and don't call it), they'll need to behave similarly.

        self.writemmp_other_info_opengroup(mapping) #bruce 080507 refactoring

        # [bruce 050422: this is where we'd write out "jigs moved forward" if 
        #  they should come at start of this group...]
        for xx in mapping.pop_forwarded_nodes_after_opengroup(self):
            mapping.write_forwarded_node_for_real(xx)
        for x in self.members:
            x.writemmp(mapping)
            # [bruce 050422: ... and this is where we'd write them, to put them
            #  after some member leaf or group.]
            for xx in mapping.pop_forwarded_nodes_after_child(x):
                mapping.write_forwarded_node_for_real(xx)
        mapping.write("egroup (" + mapping.encode_name(self.name) + ")\n")

    def _encoded_classifications(self): #bruce 080115
        """
        [should not need to be overridden; instead,
         subclasses should assign a more specific value of
         _mmp_group_classifications]
        """
        assert type(self._mmp_group_classifications) == type(())
            # especially, not a string
        classifications = list( self._mmp_group_classifications)
        if self._extra_classifications:
            classifications.extend( self._extra_classifications)
        return " ".join(classifications)

    def writemmp_other_info_opengroup(self, mapping): #bruce 080507 refactoring
        """
        [subclasses which want to write more kinds of "info opengroup" records
         should override this to do so.]
        """
        del mapping
        return

    def writepov(self, f, dispdef):
        if self.hidden:
            return
        for x in self.members:
            x.writepov(f, dispdef)

    def writemdl(self, alist, f, dispdef):
        if self.hidden:
            return
        for x in self.members:
            x.writemdl(alist, f, dispdef)

    def __str__(self):
        # (review: is this ever user-visible, e.g. in history messages?)
        return "<group " + self.name +">"

    def move(self, offset): # in Group [bruce 070501 added this to Node API]
        """
        [overrides Node.move]
        """
        for m in self.members:
            m.move(offset)
        return

    def pickatoms(self): # in Group [bruce 070501 added this to Node API]
        """
        [overrides Node method]
        """
        npicked = 0
        for m in self.members:
            npicked += m.pickatoms()
        return npicked

    pass # end of class Group

# end