From: J. R. Molloy (jr@shasta.com)
Date: Sun Oct 10 1999 - 03:15:59 MDT
Phil Osborn wrote,
>Or, what about the fact that there are today MORE rapes of men by men
>committed inside prisons than all the rapes throughout society of women?
>The victims are usually young first offenders, mariuana users, etc. And the
>consequences are likely to be much worse, including often a death sentence
>due to AIDS. Yet I would bet that less than $1 is spent dealing with this
>attrocity for every $10,000 spent dealing with the rape of women. It only
>adds irony to injustice to note that a large number of the rapes of women is
>actually committed by the very former inmates who were themselves raped in
>prison.
Sir, you have astonished and delighted me with the cogent and incisive clear
thinking in this paragraph. Thank you for that (and sorry about gushing). I had
nearly abandoned hope that extropians might see the need for dealing with issues
of violence as they relate to gender.
Did you know, for instance, that females commit more domestic violence than do
males?
Here are some citations with accompanying narratives. I'll send along more as I
compile them.
1. John Archer and Natasha Ray, "Dating Violence in the United Kingdom: a
Preliminary Study," _Aggressive Behavior_, Vol. 15, 1989, pp. 337-43. Dating
couples (college students) report that 48% of male partners and 65% of female
partners committed at least one violent act in their current relationship (using
Conflict Tactics Scale).
2. Ileana Arias and Patti Johnson, "Evaluations of Physical Aggression Among
Intimate Dyads," _Journal of Interpersonal Violence_, Vol. 4, September 1989,
pp. 289-307. Ten percent of female college students and 15% of male students
were physically aggressive in a current relationship; 19% of female students and
18% of male students were physically aggressive in a past relationship (using
Conflict Tacktics Scale).
3. Ileana Arias, Mary Samos, and K. Daniel O'Leary, "Prevalence and Correlates
of Phyusical Aggression During Courship," _Journal of Interpersonal Violence_,
Vol.2, March 1987, pp. 82-90. Ten percent of female and 10% of male students
used severe physical aggression against current dating partner; 19% of female
and 10% of male students used severe physical aggression against current dating
partner; 19% of female and 10% of male students used severe physical aggression
against past dating partners (using Conflict Tactics Scale).
4. M. L. Bernard and J. Bernard, "Violent Intimacy: The Family as a Model for
Love Relationships," _Family Relations_, Vol. 32, 1983, pp. 283-86. Four hundred
sixty-one college students revealed that more females than males were abusive in
dating relationships (21% vs. 15%).
5. R. E. Billingham and A. R. Sack, "Courtship Violence and the Interactive
Status of the Relationship," _Journal of Adolecent Research_, Vol. 1, 1986, pp.
315-25. A survey of 526 university students revealed similar rates of violence
between men and women, but women were three times more likely (9% vs. 3%) to
have initiated violence when their parner did not.
6. Roger Bland and Helene Orn, "Family Violence and Psychiatric Disorder,"
_Canadian Journal of Psychiatry_, Vol. 31, March 1986, pp. 129-37. Random sample
of 1,200 Canadians found that 14.6% of men and 22.6% of women hit or threw
things at their spouse or partner.
7. Judy Rollins Bhannon, David A. Dosser Jr., and S. Eugene Lindley, "Using
Couple Data to Determine Domestic Violence Rates: An Attempt to Replicate
Previous Work," _Violence and Victims_, Vol. 10, 1995, pp. 133-41. Eleven
percent of wives and 7% of husbands in military couples were physically
aggressive, as reported by the wives.
8. Jamaica Bookwala, Irene H. Frieze, Christine Smith, and Katheryn Ryan,
"Predictors of Dating Violence: A Multivariate Analysis," _Violence and
Victims_, Vol. 7, 1992, pp. 297-311. Twnenty-two percent of women and 17% of men
admitted being violent while their partner was not violent, in their current
relationship.
9. Merlin B. Brinkerhoff and Eugene Lupri, "Interspousal Violence," _Canadian
Journal of Sociology_, Vol. 13, 1988, pp. 407-34. A random sample of 562 couples
in Calgary, Alberta, revealed severe violence rates of 10.7% wife-to-husband,
and 4.8% husband-to-wife. Overall violence rates were 13.2% wife-to-husband and
10.3% husband-to-wife.
10. Lisa Brush, "Violent Acts and Injurious Outcomes in Married Couples:
Methodological Issues in the "_National Survey of Families and Household,"
Gender and Society_, Vol. 4, March 1990, pp. 56-67. A feminist found both sexes
agree that 2.8% of women were victims of men; 3.8% of men were victims of women.
The survey contained over 13,000 respondents.
11. Judith Brutz and Bron B. Ingoldsby, "Conflict Resolution in Quaker
Families," _Journal of Marriage and the Family_, Vol. 46, 1984, pp. 21-26.
Quaker females acknowledged inflicting severe violence three times as frequently
as Quaker males did (2.5% vs. 0.8%).
12. P. J. Burke, Jan E. Stets, and Maureen A. Prog-Good, "Gender Identity,
Self-Esteem, and Physical and Sexual abuse in Dating Relationships," _Social
Psychology Quarterly_, Vol. 51, 1988, pp. 272-85. A sample of 505 college
students reported that in a one-year period, 14% of the men and 18% of the women
inflicted physical abuse on their partners, while 10% of the men and 14% of the
women received physical abuse from their partners.
13. Michelle Carrado, Malcolm George, Elizabeth Loxam, L. Jones, and Dale
Templar, "Aggression in British heterosexual Relationships: A Descriptive
Analysis," _Aggressive Behavior_, Vol. 22, 1996, pp. 401-15. Eleven percent of
men and 5% of women were victimized in their current relationships. A
representative sample of 1,978 men and women in Great Britain was surveyed.
14. Michele Cascardi, Jenifer Langinrichen, and Dina Vivian, "Marital
Aggression: Impact, Injury and Heath Correlates for Husbands and Wives,"
_Archives of Internal Medicine_, Vol. 152, June 1992, pp. 1178-84. According to
the _wives_, 33% of husbands and 36% of wives were severely aggressive toward
their spouse.
15. Marie B. Caulfield and David S. Riggs, "The Assessment of Dating Aggression:
Empirical Evaluation of the Conflict Tactics Scale," _Jouranl of Interpersonal
Violence_, Vol. 7, December 1992, pp. 549-58. In a sample of 667 college
students, more women than men beat up their partner (2.3% vs. 1.9%), threw
something at their partner (14.6% vs. 6.9%) and kicked, bit, or hit their
partner with a fist (13.0% vs. 3.1%).
16. James E. Deal and Karen Smith Wampler, "Dating Violence: the Primacy of
Previous Experience," _Journal of Social and Personal Relationships_, Vol. 3,
1986, pp 457-71. Of 410 students at two southern universities, 6% of females and
4% of males were aggressors; 15% of males and 5% of females were victims in a
current or most recent relationship.
17. Alfred DeMaris, "The Efficacy of a Spouse Abuse Model in Accounting for
Courtship Violence," _Journal of Family Issues_, Vol. 8, September 1987, pp
291-305. Of 484 students from four southeastern universities, 31.1% of females
and 23.5% of males inflicted violence on their partneres in the previous year
(using the Conflict Tactics Scale).
18. Diane R. Foolingstad, Shannon Wright, Shirley Lloyd, and Jeri A. Sebastian,
"Sex Differences in Motivations and Effects in Dating Violence," _Family
Relations_, Vol. 40, 1991, pp. 51-57. In a sample of 495 college students, 20%
of females and 12% of males admitted using physical force in a relationship.
19. June Henton, Rodney Cate, James Koval, Sally Lloyd, and Scott Christopher,
"Romance and Violence in Dating Relationships," _Journal of Family Issues_, Vol.
4, September 1983, pp. 467-82. Female high school students were more likely than
male students to be the sole abuser of the other sex (5.7% vs. 1.4%). Sample
size: 644.
----------------------------
Grok it and rocket,
--J. R.
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