From: Doug Skrecky (oberon@vcn.bc.ca)
Date: Fri Aug 13 1999 - 06:31:01 MDT
Authors
Santangelo A. Peracchi M. Conte D. Fraquelli M. Porrini M.
Institution
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Milan, Italy.
Nutr:lab@imiucca.csi.unimi.it
Title
Physical state of meal
affects gastric emptying, cholecystokinin release and satiety.
Source
British Journal of Nutrition. 80(6):521-7, 1998 Dec.
Abstract
To verify the influence of food consistency on satiety mechanisms we
evaluated the effects of the same meal in solid-liquid (SM)
and homogenized (HM) form on satiety sensation, gastric emptying rate and
plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentration. Eight healthy men, aged 21-28
(mean 24.5) years were given two meals (cooked vegetables
250 g, cheese 35 g, croutons 50 g and olive oil 25 g, total energy 2573 kJ,
with water 300 ml) differing only in physical
state: SM and HM. The subjects consumed the
meals in randomized order on non-consecutive days. The
sensations of fullness, satiety and desire to eat were evaluated by means of
a questionnaire, gastric emptying was assessed by ultrasonographic
measurement of antral area, and plasma CCK concentration was measured by
radioimmunoassay. The vegetable-rich meal was significantly
more satiating (P < 0.05) when in the HM form than when eaten in a SM
state. Furthermore, the overall gastric emptying time was
significantly slowed (255 (SEM 11) min after HM v. 214 (SEM 12) min after SM;
P < 0.05) and CCK peak occurred later (94 (SEM 12) min after HM v. 62 (SEM
11) min after SM; NS) when the food was consumed in the HM form.
Independently of the type of meal, antral area was
significantly related to fullness sensations (r2 0.46, P = 0.004). These
results demonstrate that meal consistency is an important
physical food characteristic which influences both gastric
emptying rate and satiety sensation. Moreover, the relationship observed
between antral area and fullness sensation confirms that antral distension
plays a part in the regulation of eating behaviour.
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