[p2p-research] Fwd: [Commoning] just a word on "property"

Tue Jan 4 07:15:31 CET 2011

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Michel Bauwens <michelsub2004 at gmail.com>
Date: Tue, Jan 4, 2011 at 1:15 PM
Subject: Re: [Commoning] just a word on "property"
To: Stefan Meretz <stefan at meretz.de>
Cc: commoning at lists.wissensallmende.de

This is what the p2p foundation has collated on peer property so far,with
links to material by Stefan and Martin:

http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty

*Own Nothing, Have Everything*

- original Napster slogan

*"Peer production, peer governance, peer property"*,

Excerpt of Article by Michel Bauwens - link :
http://www.re-public.gr/en/?p=87

 Contents [hide]

   - 1 Introduction<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty#Introduction>
   - 2 Typology <http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty#Typology>
   - 3 Introductory
Articles<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty#Introductory_Articles>
   - 4 Key Resources<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty#Key_Resources>
      - 4.1 Key Books<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty#Key_Books>
   - 5 Short Citations<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty#Short_Citations>
   - 6 Long Citations<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty#Long_Citations>

 [edit<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty?title=Category:Peerproperty&action=edit&section=1>
] Introduction

*"Peer to peer social processes are bottom-up processes whereby agents in a
distributed network can freely engage in common pursuits, without external
coercion. It is important to realize that distributed systems differ from
decentralized systems, essentially because in the latter, the hubs are
obligatory, while in the former, they are the result of voluntary choices.
Distributed networks do have constraints, internal coercion, that are the
conditions for the group to operate, and they may be embedded in the
technical infrastructure, the social norms, or legal rules.*

*P2P social processes more precisely engender:*

*1) Peer Production <http://p2pfoundation.net/Peer_Production>: wherever a
group of peers decided to engage in the production of a common
resource* [1]<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproduction>

*2) Peer Governance <http://p2pfoundation.net/Peer_Governance>: the means
they choose to govern themselves while they engage in such pursuit*
[2]<http://p2p.foundation.net/Category:Peergovernance>]

*3) Peer Property <http://p2pfoundation.net/Peer_Property>: the
institutional and legal framework they choose to guard against the private
appropriation of this common work; this usually takes the form of
non-exclusionary forms of universal common property"*

See also: Common <http://p2pfoundation.net/Common> ;
Commons<http://p2pfoundation.net/Commons> ;
Commons - Typology <http://p2pfoundation.net/Commons_-_Typology>

 [edit<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty?title=Category:Peerproperty&action=edit&section=2>
] Typology

*= a clear distinction is to be made between resources owned in common
(common property) and resources for which no property rights have been
defined (open access).*

G.G. Stevenson compares these three forms in terms of group limitation and
extraction limitation. [3]<http://www.boell.org/downloads/Lerch_Tragedy.pdf>

3 Property Institutions:

*Open Access Property <http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Access_Property>*:

- Limited: members only, unlimited extraction - Unlimited: open to anyone,
unlimited extraction

Common Property <http://p2pfoundation.net/Common_Property>: members only,
extraction limited by rules

Private Property: one, extraction limited by individual decision

   - Stefan Meretz has produced, with his daughter, a very useful and clear
   taxonomy of common goods, according to five criteria. Pauline Schwarze and
   Franco Iacomella provided translation support, from the original German to
   English.

Graphic at
http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/wp-content/uploads/taxonomy-of-goods.png

   - See the graphic from Wolfgang Hoechsele: Choosing the Right Form of
   Common Property‎<http://p2pfoundation.net/Choosing_the_Right_Form_of_Common_Property>

[edit<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty?title=Category:Peerproperty&action=edit&section=3>
] Introductory Articles

   - Introduction to Private and Common
Property<http://p2pfoundation.net/Common_Property>:
   Achim Lerch, The Tragedy of the Tragedy of the
Commons<http://p2pfoundation.net/Tragedy_of_the_Tragedy_of_the_Commons>.
   [4] <http://www.boell.org/downloads/Lerch_Tragedy.pdf>
   - Martin Pedersen: 1) Property as a Social
Relation‎<http://p2pfoundation.net/Property_as_a_Social_Relation> ;
   Free Software as
Property<http://p2pfoundation.net/Free_Software_as_Property>

See also:

   1. Kevin Kelly: In a dematerialized economy, sharing is better than
   owning<http://p2pfoundation.net/In_a_dematerialized_economy,_sharing_is_better_than_owning>
   2. Dmytri Kleiner: The Modular Company, Open Capital, Venture
Communism<http://p2pfoundation.net/Modular_Company,_Open_Capital,_Venture_Communism>:
   How are they related
   3. The three modalities of Production
Sharing<http://p2pfoundation.net/Production_Sharing>,
   i.e. working together for a common pool, without individual exchange or
   barter: 1) Labor Quota System‎<http://p2pfoundation.net/Labor_Quota_System>;
   2) Fair-Share Labor
System‎<http://p2pfoundation.net/Fair-Share_Labor_System>;
   3) Anti-Quota Labor
System‎<http://p2pfoundation.net/Anti-Quota_Labor_System>
   4. Marjorie Kelly: Not Just For
Profit<http://www.strategy-business.com/press/article/09105?gko=106fd-1876-27599815>:
   Emerging alternatives to the shareholder-centric model could help companies
   avoid ethical mishaps and contribute more to the world at large. Explores
   three new-style corporate designs: 1. stakeholder-owned companies; 2.
   mission-controlled companies; and 3. public-private hybrids.
   5. It is very important to distinguish the four different degrees of
   freedom<http://nuvatsia.terevaden.net/podpress_trac/web/345/0/four-stages-of-freedom.pdf>],
   culminating in Triple-Free
Software<http://p2pfoundation.net/Triple-Free_Software>and peer
production. An insight from Tere Vaden.
   6. The Property Taskforce
<http://p2pfoundation.net/Property_Taskforce>is a good resource to
learn about
   Property <http://p2pfoundation.net/Property> regimes

*Special topic: Commons-oriented Software Licenses*

   1. Richard Stallman argues
forcefully<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.html?>,
   that we should not use the muddled concept of IP, and explains Why
   Software Should Not Have
Owners<http://p2pfoundation.net/Why_Software_Should_Not_Have_Owners>.

   2. Patrick Anderson explains the difference (and deep similarity) between
   Ownership of Software vs. Ownership of
Goods<http://p2pfoundation.net/Ownership_of_Software_vs._Ownership_of_Goods>,
   and says open property models could be extended once we accept that the user
   (and not the worker) is the owner of the physical means of production. See
   also his proposal for User
Ownership<http://p2pfoundation.net/User_Ownership>
   3. Karl Fogel explains how the General Public
License<http://p2pfoundation.net/General_Public_License>uses
   Copyright <http://p2pfoundation.net/Copyright> to obtain the opposite
   effect of guaranteeing sharing: Stallman's
Jiujitsu<http://p2pfoundation.net/Stallman%27s_Jiujitsu>
   4. *The Libre Labyrinth <http://www.greglondon.com/libre/index.htm>.
   Navigating the Maze of Free and NonFree Licenses*. By Greg London, 2008:
   *describes an objective way to understand how various FLOS licenses work,
   and how different FLOS licenses compare to one another*
   5. A Comparative Ethical Assessment of Free Software Licensing
Schemes<http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/%7Esdexter/copyleft_ethics.html>.
   By S.Chopra and S. Dexter: how to choose between Free
Software<http://p2pfoundation.net/Free_Software>,
   Open Source Software <http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Source_Software>, or
   proprietary software, from an ethical point of view
   6. Copyleft and the Theory of
Property<http://p2pfoundation.net/Copyleft_and_the_Theory_of_Property>.
   Mikhaïl Xifaras (French)

*Special topic: property and conflict in free culture communities:*

   1. Play Struggle <http://p2pfoundation.net/Play_Struggle>, excerpts of
   the book Hacking Capitalism
<http://p2pfoundation.net/Hacking_Capitalism>by Johan Soderbergh.
   2. Klang, Mathias, "Avatar <http://p2pfoundation.net/Avatar>: From Deity
   to Corporate Property - A Philosophical *Inquiry into Digital Property in
   Online Games*
   3. Contrasting Proprietary and Free/Open Source Game
Development<http://www.osbr.ca/ojs/index.php/osbr/article/view/736/702>,
   Alessandro Rossi & Marco Zamarian
   4. Moore, Christopher. 2005. "Commonising The
Enclosure<http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/archive/00004332/01/V3N2-4-Moore.pdf>:
   Online Games And Reforming Intellectual Property Regimes." Australian
   Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society 3(2): examine the potential for
   computer game studies to contribute to an understanding of an alternative
   intellectual property regime known as the commons
   5. Who Owns the Mods <http://p2pfoundation.net/Who_Owns_the_Mods>? by
   Yong Ming Kow and Bonnie Nardi. First Monday, Volume 15, Number 5 - 3 May
   2010 [5]<http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2971/2529>

 [edit<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty?title=Category:Peerproperty&action=edit&section=4>
] Key Resources
[edit<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty?title=Category:Peerproperty&action=edit&section=5>
] Key Books

   - Code <http://p2pfoundation.net/Code>. Collaborative Ownership and the
   Digital Commons: Rishab Aiyer Ghosh (Ed). MIT Press, 2005.

** PhD thesis - "Property, Commoning and the Politics of Free
Software". J. Martin
Pedersen <http://p2pfoundation.net/Martin_Pedersen>. Thesis submitted
January 2010, Department of Philosophy, Lancaster University. Examined by
Massimo De Angelis.*: The thesis is a philosophical and political inquiry
into the material nature of immateriality and was published as the first of
a two volume Special Issue of The
Commoner<http://www.commoner.org.uk/?p=107>and also presented on
http://commoning.wordpress.com
[edit<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty?title=Category:Peerproperty&action=edit&section=6>
] Short Citations

*1.*

*The difference between open access and defined property rights (private or
common property), by contrast, is the difference between an unregulated and
a regulated condition. The difference is fundamental.*

- Achim Lerch [6] <http://www.boell.org/downloads/Lerch_Tragedy.pdf>

*2.*

*For Stevenson, a “private property, common property, open access
trichotomy” ultimately exists. He compares these three forms in terms of
group limitation and extraction limitation. Characteristic of the common
property form is that both the group and the extent of resource use are
limited by the individual members.*

- [7] <http://www.boell.org/downloads/Lerch_Tragedy.pdf>

Source: STEVENSON, G.G: Common Property
Economics<http://p2pfoundation.net/Common_Property_Economics>.
A General Theory and Land Use Applications. Cambridge. Cambridge University
Press.1991, p.58

 [edit<http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Peerproperty?title=Category:Peerproperty&action=edit&section=7>
] Long Citations

Alan Rosenblith:

"Imagine a world where property is owned because it is being well stewarded
rather than ownership being a priori to stewardship. Much of the worst
behavior we see in the economy would be impossible, because the second any
firm stopped stewarding their properties for the benefit of the larger
community, they would no longer own their properties (intellectual or
otherwise). In this world ownership is derived from good stewardship, rather
than the other way around." (
http://alanrosenblith.blogspot.com/2010/09/21st-century-property-rights.html)

-- 
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