[p2p-research] Fwd: Incan P2P Empire

Sat Jan 3 17:51:39 CET 2009

fascinating ...

confirms the interpretation in this fascinating book, that the Inca's were
not 'civilized'

see
http://www.amazon.com/Beyond-Civilization-Streams-Achievements-Differences/dp/059520550X

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Dante-Gabryell Monson <dante.monson at gmail.com>
Date: Sat, Jan 3, 2009 at 11:39 PM
Subject: Re: Incan P2P Empire
To: Michel Bauwens <michelsub2004 at gmail.com>

Forwarded conversation
Subject: [p2p money game: 162] Fwd: Incan P2P Empire
------------------------

From: *S H* <seh999 at gmail.com>
Date: Sat, Jan 3, 2009 at 12:01 AM
To: p2p-money-game at googlegroups.com

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: S H <seh999 at gmail.com>
Date: Fri, Jan 2, 2009 at 5:59 PM
Subject: Incan P2P Empire
To: marc fawzi <marc.fawzi at gmail.com>
Cc: sean.kuty at evariware.com

according to sean, who studied the Incan (south america) empire in school,
their government, military, etc.. was designed according to, what he
recognized as, p2p/decentralized principles.  so here's some relevant points
i found in wikipedia while looking for evidence:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_Empire

> The Inca Empire was a federalist system<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation>which consisted of a central government with the Inca at its head and four
> provinces: Chinchay Suyu <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinchay_Suyu>(NW), Anti
> Suyu <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti_Suyu> (NE), Kunti Suyu<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunti_Suyu>(SW), and Qulla
> Suyu <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qulla_Suyu> (SE). The four corners of
> these provinces met at the center, Cusco. Each province had a governor who
> oversaw local officials, who in turn supervised agriculturally-productive
> river valleys, cities and mines. There were separate chains of command for
> both the military and religious institutions, which created a system of
> partial checks and balances on power[*citation needed<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed>
> *]. The local officials were responsible for settling disputes and keeping
> track of each family's contribution to the mita<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mita_%28Inca%29>(mandatory public service).
>

 Pachacuti sent spies to regions he wanted in his empire; they brought
> reports on the political organization, military might and wealth. He would
> then send messages to the leaders of these lands extolling the benefits of
> joining his empire, offering them presents of luxury goods such as high
> quality textiles, and promising that they would be materially richer as
> subject rulers of the Inca. Most accepted the rule of the Inca as a *fait
> accompli<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_phrases_used_by_English_speakers#D_.E2.80.93_H>
> * and acquiesced peacefully. The ruler's children would then be brought to
> Cuzco to be taught about Inca administration systems, then return to rule
> their native lands. This allowed the Inca to indoctrinate the former ruler's
> children into the Inca nobility, and, with luck, marry their daughters into
> families at various corners of the empire.
>

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca

> The term 'ayllu' refers to a grouping of indigenous people of South America
> and has been translated as clan.[4]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca#cite_note-3>The term represents a group based on assumed blood-ties which operates as an
> economic and social unit. The Inca Empire was essentially a number of Andean
> ayllus controlled by a few Inca ayllus. As an economic unit the ayllu
> represented collective ownership of the land as well as other resources such
> as llama herds and water sources. The success and cohesiveness of the Andean
> ayllus was largely due to communal agriculture. Ayllus could regularly split
> apart due to economic hardships, ignoring blood ties, or come together with
> other ayllus with whom they did not share genealogy for the purposes
> necessary co-operation such as in irrigation or defence. Despite regular
> conquering or grouping of ayllus the individual ayllu would remain intact
> even after a break up of the group or empire to which it had belonged. This
> was largely due to their economic self-sufficiency. However conquering
> ayllus like the Inca, by building the collective state, gained economic and
> political power and developed into the ruling class, but in doing so lost
> that self-sufficiency. This meant that the failure or defeat of the
> collective state meant the demise of the ruling class. The Inca ayllus were
> based in Cuzco, the empire's capital, which was divided into Hanan-Cuzco
> (upper Cuzco) and Hurin-Cuzco (lower Cuzco). This separation, common with
> Andean ayllus is known as dual divisions. The two halves of the ayllu would
> from separate customs and rites and would form separate units in the army
> but would remain on good terms with each other socially, taking part in
> feasts and mock battles. Dual division was mostly religious and symbolic but
> had little economic relevance.[5]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca#cite_note-4>
>
> When a ruler died, their chosen successor would receive all their political
> power <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_power> and rights, while the
> ruler's other male descendants received all the monetary treasures. This
> process was called split inheritance<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_inheritance>
> .
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_society#Economy

> According to Ferreira and Chamot "The social system of the Incas had an
> ancient Andean origin based on the ayllu, an extended family group with a
> common ancestor. The economic system was also based on ancient social
> structures and can be explained through several principles, namely
> reciprocity, redistribution, and vertical control." These authors also add:
> "Redistribution , a practice employed by the state, ensured that all
> agricultural goods not exchanged by reciprocity were to be distributed in
> the different areas of the empire in the case of bad crops."[2]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_society#cite_note-1>In essence, the government of the Inca functioned as a safe guard against
> mass starvation.
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_religion#Religious_Expansion

> Religious traditions in the Andes tended to vary among different ayllus.
> While the Inca generally allowed or even incorporated local deities and
> heroes of the ayllus they conquered, they did bring their gods to those
> peoples by incorporating them in law such as required sacrifice. The Inca
> attempted to combine their deities with conquered ones in ways that raised
> the status of their ones.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_army

> The Incas were very well organized in battle. In contrast to the Aztecs,
> who waged war mainly to take prisoners of war to execute in religious
> ceremonies and took tribute rather than land from the defeated people, the
> Incas' goals of war were to kill enemy soldiers and directly conquer enemy
> lands, putting them under the rule of the Sapa Inca<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapa_Inca>,
> who was the highest head of the army. The Incas were also very well
> organized in military logistics <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistics>,
> using magazines owned by the state to supply mass contingents with food, and
> also white tents in camp, organized in symmetric patterns that impressed the
> Europeans, who had neither this control nor order in their armies.

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quipus

> Most of the information on the quipus are numbers in a decimal system..
> Some of the knots, as well as other features such as color, are thought to
> represent non-numeric information, which has not been deciphered. It is
> generally thought that, during the development of the system, there was no
> attempt to represent phonetic sounds as most writing systems do. There is
> currently a theory put forward by Gary Urton<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Urton>that the Khipus represented a binary system capable of recording
> phonological <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology> or logographic<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logogram>data.
>

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----------
From: *marc fawzi* <marc.fawzi at gmail.com>
Date: Sat, Jan 3, 2009 at 12:48 AM
To: S H <seh999 at gmail.com>
Cc: sean.kuty at evariware.com, p2p-money-game <p2p-money-game at googlegroups.com
>

It's funny because Incan invented the world's first m-logically value
currency ... (see: affinity matrix)

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