It seems likely that brain uploading will occur via in situ sequencing methods like fisseq combined with expansion microscopy. Also axonal tracing via lineage tracing techniques or other connectome data extraction. If we need even greater detail recovered from human brain, then possibly DNA nanoscopy could be used.

DNA ticker tape memory devices and intracellular protein ticker tape memory devices are also of high relevance to the question of brain uploading.

See fisseq for information about brain uploading.

See human brain reverse engineering for some other ideas.

Automated scalable segmentation of neurons from multispectral images

Probabilistic fluorescence-based synapse detection

Stochastic single-molecule dynamics of synaptic membrane protein domains

Quantifying mesoscale neuroanatomy using X-ray microtomography

The demise of the synapse as the locus of memory: A looming paradigm shift?


Connectome-seq: high-throughput mapping of neuronal connectivity at single-synapse resolution via barcode sequencing as described on the mapseq page.

Combinatorial protein barcodes enable self-correcting neuron tracing with nanoscale molecular context and E11-prism


Brain uploading companies

https://eon.systems/ is focusing on human brain emulation. Nectome is focused on human brain preservation in cryonics. E11 Bio is focused on synaptic barcoding and connectome DNA sequencing. There was also the startup venture (Brain Backups) doing microCT (high-resolution x-ray computed tomography) of gold aptamer conjugates for targeting synapses or receptors and then doing regular imaging.


Brain imaging

Deep brain fluorescence imaging with minimally invasive ultra-thin optical fibers

Automated scalable segmentation of neurons from multispectral images

Probabilistic fluorescence-based synapse detection

Quantifying mesoscale neuroanatomy using X-ray microtomography

Morphological error detection in 3d segmentations

Opto-magnetic imaging of neural network activity in brain slices at high resolution using color centers in diamond

A deep structured learning approach towards automating connectome reconstruction from 3d electron micrographs

Comparative prospects of imaging methods for whole-brain mammalian connectomics

Predicting functional neuroanatomical maps from fusing brain networks with genetic information (2016)

Super-resolution imaging of synaptic and extra-synaptic pools of AMPA receptors with different-sized fluorescent probes and https://x.com/biorxiv_neursci/status/813942699879497729

Multiplexed confocal and super-resolution fluorescence imaging of cytoskeletal and neuronal synapse proteins and https://x.com/eboyden3/status/836175796117065728

Rapid whole brain imaging of neural activities in freely behaving larval zebrafish (2017)

Whole-brain serial-section electron microscopy in larval zebrafish (2017)

A complete electron microscopy volume of the brain of adult drosophila melanogaster (2017)

Oblique light-sheet tomography: fast and high resolution volumetric imaging of mouse brains (2017)

In vivo magnetic recording of neuronal activity (2017)

Scalable volumetric imaging for ultrahigh-speed brain mapping at synaptic resolution (2017)

Deep image reconstruction from human brain activity (2017)

Cortical column and whole brain imaging of neural circuits with molecular contrast and nanoscale resolution (2018)

Freeze-frame imaging of synaptic activity using SynTagMA

Population imaging of neural activity in awake behaving mice in multiple brain regions and https://x.com/eboyden3/status/1121778597205827584

A petascale automated imaging pipeline for mapping neuronal circuits with high-throughput transmission electron microscopy

Enabling FIB-SEM systems for large volume connectomics and cell biology

Automatic whole cell organelle segmentation in volumetric electron microscopy

Automatic and accurate reconstruction of long-range axonal projections of single-neuron in mouse brain

Synaptic labeling with engineered proteins (e.g. GRASP, mGRASP, SynTagMA, SynaptoTag): Highlight synaptic contacts between defined populations.

Connectome-seq: high-throughput mapping of neuronal connectivity at single-synapse resolution via barcode sequencing

Combinatorial protein barcodes enable self-correcting neuron tracing with nanoscale molecular context and E11-prism

russell hanson has a technique for gold nanoparticle aptamer conjugates for microCT x-ray imaging of the distribution of neurotransmitter receptors throughout human brain matter as a non-destructive imaging technique.

See also brain uploading.

See also brain imaging.