Ex utero monkey embryogenesis from blastocyst to early organogenesis (2023)

Uterine transplant optimization from a preclinical donor model with controlled cardiocirculatory arrest (2024)

An ex vivo uterine system captures implantation, embryogenesis, and trophoblast invasion via maternal-embryonic signaling (2025)

Extracorporeal placental support in a sheep's gravid uterus (2025)

biobag 2017: An extra-uterine system to physiologically support the extreme premature lamb

Towards a bioengineered uterus: bioactive sheep uterus scaffolds are effectively recellularized by enzymatic preconditioning (2021)

Biomaterializing the advances in uterine tissue engineering (2022)

Uterus transplantation: from research, through human trials and into the future (2023)

(proposal) Towards an artificial ovary: Grafting preantral follicles on decellularized human ovarian tissue from Pors lab

So far the human uterus is the best vehicle for gestation. Therefore, an ex vivo human uterus would make the most sense as an artificial womb.

  • ex vivo human uterus for long-term gestation, except we do not have any human organs that survive for more than about a week on perfusion...
  • pig surrogacy via humanized pig uterus or pig blastocyst complementation of human cells that generate a human uterus inside of the new pig
  • artificial womb via placenta cauterization and transfer into an incubator
  • whole embryo culture techniques
  • The weird thing the logs about how to convert a human egg into an egg that survives outside of the human body. Hatched humans? human yolk? Oviparous human eggs (~5-6kg football-sized with 2.5kg yolk, porous CaCO3 shell for O2 diffusion).
  • The market for artificial wombs is somewhat small due to the existence of human surrogacy as a commercial service.
  • Much of the interest in artificial wombs has actually been towards better neonatal incubators. This is different from an artificial uterus.
  • Ex vivo perfusion of any human organ let alone a human uterus has not exceeded 30 days so far.....
  • placenta on a chip studies?
  • forearm ovarian grafts for easier ultrasound-guided aspiration

Placenta challenges: Bleedy capillary bed; cauterize/cannulate umbilical but poor capillary perfusion. Prefer natural placenta over synthetic. ... placenta is a giant bleeding mess ... cannulate the umbilical cord but i'm not sure you will get the right perfusion.

uterine transposition live birth has been achieved in human.