Return-Path: Received: from smtp1.linuxfoundation.org (smtp1.linux-foundation.org [172.17.192.35]) by mail.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4B397AAC for ; Wed, 24 Jun 2015 03:49:59 +0000 (UTC) X-Greylist: whitelisted by SQLgrey-1.7.6 Received: from mail-wi0-f178.google.com (mail-wi0-f178.google.com [209.85.212.178]) by smtp1.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 33C8D143 for ; Wed, 24 Jun 2015 03:49:53 +0000 (UTC) Received: by wiga1 with SMTP id a1so123333191wig.0 for ; Tue, 23 Jun 2015 20:49:51 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20120113; h=mime-version:in-reply-to:references:date:message-id:subject:from:to :cc:content-type; bh=n5KNyrAk+CVvohPiE8Be+m98BNuO7TAvvjSKkn0+tBs=; b=VIFxjkkIeTZdWwGMRW6xKBq+KB+WJBDDfFXHcpIBWTvnyfK0ldiHx/UVYRf6ncCi1A g6LbEezk+mDC9qw1C6A/IYawlG1UgbPDbj1rOALldynpY/Foj6XkYeafTq8aHEnWyj8i KcqfyYYa+6a4Xq/0TnJzcOJr4sVyVVoq/yK06bY+87/ya1rjFV9gYcKDDNII8B2h8jCA s8Ov7OYOBdwA4+USzegVvssBML+iEjfv/ROmdiO2iXh7maSVO7oW+wCNdXNeE7+dSxmv PppD/ri1mSIn6lzQ/kyQTKYwfsAWuuFHWQDF7//jwLK/0HfjUSyfMp6/pRbuTZ4gAlwe gBbw== MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Received: by 10.180.101.138 with SMTP id fg10mr751330wib.46.1435117791594; Tue, 23 Jun 2015 20:49:51 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.28.176.2 with HTTP; Tue, 23 Jun 2015 20:49:51 -0700 (PDT) In-Reply-To: <558A1E8E.30306@novauri.com> References: <558A0B4A.7090205@riseup.net> <558A1E8E.30306@novauri.com> Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2015 20:49:51 -0700 Message-ID: From: Jeff Garzik To: William Madden Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=f46d0444e9a52dce3405193b662e X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.7 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIM_SIGNED, DKIM_VALID,DKIM_VALID_AU,FREEMAIL_FROM,FREEMAIL_REPLY,HTML_MESSAGE, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW autolearn=no version=3.3.1 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.3.1 (2010-03-16) on smtp1.linux-foundation.org Cc: bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org Subject: Re: [bitcoin-dev] Draft BIP : fixed-schedule block size increase X-BeenThere: bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.12 Precedence: list List-Id: Bitcoin Development Discussion List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2015 03:49:59 -0000 --f46d0444e9a52dce3405193b662e Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Miners can collude today to lower the block size limit. In fact, this largely happens already out of laziness - miners often follow the "soft" default limit set by Bitcoin Core, to the point where you can chart when miners upgrade to new software: http://hashingit.com/analysis/39-the-myth-of-the-megabyte-bitcoin-block On Tue, Jun 23, 2015 at 8:05 PM, William Madden wrote: > Here are refutations of the approach in BIP-100 here: > http://gtf.org/garzik/bitcoin/BIP100-blocksizechangeproposal.pdf > > To recap BIP-100: > > 1) Hard form to remove static 1MB block size limit > 2) Add new floating block size limit set to 1MB > 3) Historical 32MB message limit remains > 4) Hard form on testnet 9/1/2015 > 5) Hard form on main 1/11/2016 > 6) 1MB limit changed via one-way lock in upgrade with a 12,000 block > threshold by 90% of blocks > 7) Limit increase or decrease may not exceed 2x in any one step > 8) Miners vote by encoding 'BV'+BlockSizeRequestValue into coinbase > scriptSig, e.g. "/BV8000000/" to vote for 8M. > 9) Votes are evaluated by dropping bottom 20% and top 20%, and then the > most common floor (minimum) is chosen. > > 8MB limits doubling just under every 2 years makes a static value grow > in a predictable manner. > > BIP-100 makes a static value grow (or more importantly potentially > shrink) in an unpredictable manner based on voting mechanics that are > untested in this capacity in the bitcoin network. Introducing a highly > variable and untested dynamic into an already complex system is > unnecessarily risky. > > For example, the largely arbitrary voting rules listed in 9 above can be > gamed. If I control pools or have affiliates involved in pools that > mine slightly more than 20% of blocks, I could wait until block sizes > are 10MB, and then suddenly vote "/BV5000000/" for 20% of blocks and > "/BV5000001/" for the remaining 10%. If others don't consistently vote > for the same "/BV#/" value, vote too consistently and have their value > thrown out as the top 20%, I could win the resize to half capacity > "/BV5000001/" because it was the lowest repeated value not in the bottom > 20%. > > I could use this to force an exodus to my sidechain/alt coin, or to > choke out the bitcoin network. A first improvement would be to only let > BIP-100 raise the cap and not lower it, but if I can think of a > vulnerability off the top of my head, there will be others on the other > side of the equation that have not been thought of. Why bother > introducing a rube goldberg machine like voting when a simple 8mb cap > with predictable growth gets the job done, potentially permanently? > > > On 6/23/2015 9:43 PM, odinn wrote: > > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- > > Hash: SHA1 > > > > 1) Hard fork not (necessarily) needed > > 2) See Garzik's BIP 100, better (this is not meant to say "superior to > > your stuff," but rather simply to say, "Better you should work with > > Garzik to implement BIP-100, that would be good") > > 3) See points 1 and 2 above > > 4) If still reading... changes should be (as you seem to have been > > trying to lean towards)... lean towards gradual change; hence, changes > > that would flow from this BIP would be better off oriented in a > > process that dies not require the "way you have done it." > > > > You did address that, to be fair - in your TODO, this link: > > http://gavinandresen.ninja/time-to-roll-out-bigger-blocks > > > > contained the following link: > > > > http://gavinandresen.ninja/bigger-blocks-another-way > > > > However, in reading that, I didn't see any meaningful statements that > > would refute the approach in Garzik's BIP-100. > > > > Maybe a better way to say this is, > > > > Work with Jeff Garzik (which I am sure you are already having such > > discussions in private) as well as the list discussions, > > Move forward on BIP-100 with Garzik and other developers (not such a > > bad plan really) and don't get caught up in XT. (If you feel you can > > develop XT further, that is your thing but it would perhaps make you > > lose focus, work together with other developers.) > > > > Relax into the process. Things will be ok. > > > > Respectfully, > > > > - -O > > > > On 06/22/2015 11:18 AM, Gavin Andresen wrote: > >> I promised to write a BIP after I'd implemented > >> increase-the-maximum-block-size code, so here it is. It also lives > >> at: > >> https://github.com/gavinandresen/bips/blob/blocksize/bip-8MB.mediawiki > >> > >> I don't expect any proposal to please everybody; there are > >> unavoidable tradeoffs to increasing the maximum block size. I > >> prioritize implementation simplicity -- it is hard to write > >> consensus-critical code, so simpler is better. > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> BIP: ?? Title: Increase Maximum Block Size Author: Gavin Andresen > >> > Status: > >> Draft Type: Standards Track Created: 2015-06-22 > >> > >> ==Abstract== > >> > >> This BIP proposes replacing the fixed one megabyte maximum block > >> size with a maximum size that grows over time at a predictable > >> rate. > >> > >> ==Motivation== > >> > >> Transaction volume on the Bitcoin network has been growing, and > >> will soon reach the one-megabyte-every-ten-minutes limit imposed by > >> the one megabyte maximum block size. Increasing the maximum size > >> reduces the impact of that limit on Bitcoin adoption and growth. > >> > >> ==Specification== > >> > >> After deployment on the network (see the Deployment section for > >> details), the maximum allowed size of a block on the main network > >> shall be calculated based on the timestamp in the block header. > >> > >> The maximum size shall be 8,000,000 bytes at a timestamp of > >> 2016-01-11 00:00:00 UTC (timestamp 1452470400), and shall double > >> every 63,072,000 seconds (two years, ignoring leap years), until > >> 2036-01-06 00:00:00 UTC (timestamp 2083190400). The maximum size of > >> blocks in between doublings will increase linearly based on the > >> block's timestamp. The maximum size of blocks after 2036-01-06 > >> 00:00:00 UTC shall be 8,192,000,000 bytes. > >> > >> Expressed in pseudo-code, using integer math: > >> > >> function max_block_size(block_timestamp): > >> > >> time_start = 1452470400 time_double = 60*60*24*365*2 size_start = > >> 8000000 if block_timestamp >= time_start+time_double*10 return > >> size_start * 2^10 > >> > >> // Piecewise-linear-between-doublings growth: time_delta = > >> block_timestamp - t_start doublings = time_delta / time_double > >> remainder = time_delta % time_double interpolate = (size_start * > >> 2^doublings * remainder) / time_double max_size = size_start * > >> 2^doublings + interpolate > >> > >> return max_size > >> > >> ==Deployment== > >> > >> Deployment shall be controlled by hash-power supermajority vote > >> (similar to the technique used in BIP34), but the earliest possible > >> activation time is 2016-01-11 00:00:00 UTC. > >> > >> Activation is achieved when 750 of 1,000 consecutive blocks in the > >> best chain have a version number with bits 3 and 14 set (0x20000004 > >> in hex). The activation time will be the timestamp of the 750'th > >> block plus a two week (1,209,600 second) grace period to give any > >> remaining miners or services time to upgrade to support larger > >> blocks. If a supermajority is achieved more than two weeks before > >> 2016-01-11 00:00:00 UTC, the activation time will be 2016-01-11 > >> 00:00:00 UTC. > >> > >> Block version numbers are used only for activation; once activation > >> is achieved, the maximum block size shall be as described in the > >> specification section, regardless of the version number of the > >> block. > >> > >> > >> ==Rationale== > >> > >> The initial size of 8,000,000 bytes was chosen after testing the > >> current reference implementation code with larger block sizes and > >> receiving feedback from miners stuck behind bandwidth-constrained > >> networks (in particular, Chinese miners behind the Great Firewall > >> of China). > >> > >> The doubling interval was chosen based on long-term growth trends > >> for CPU power, storage, and Internet bandwidth. The 20-year limit > >> was chosen because exponential growth cannot continue forever. > >> > >> Calculations are based on timestamps and not blockchain height > >> because a timestamp is part of every block's header. This allows > >> implementations to know a block's maximum size after they have > >> downloaded it's header, but before downloading any transactions. > >> > >> The deployment plan is taken from Jeff Garzik's proposed BIP100 > >> block size increase, and is designed to give miners, merchants, > >> and full-node-running-end-users sufficient time to upgrade to > >> software that supports bigger blocks. A 75% supermajority was > >> chosen so that one large mining pool does not have effective veto > >> power over a blocksize increase. The version number scheme is > >> designed to be compatible with Pieter's Wuille's proposed "Version > >> bits" BIP. > >> > >> TODO: summarize objections/arguments from > >> http://gavinandresen.ninja/time-to-roll-out-bigger-blocks. > >> > >> TODO: describe other proposals and their advantages/disadvantages > >> over this proposal. > >> > >> > >> ==Compatibility== > >> > >> This is a hard-forking change to the Bitcoin protocol; anybody > >> running code that fully validates blocks must upgrade before the > >> activation time or they will risk rejecting a chain containing > >> larger-than-one-megabyte blocks. > >> > >> Simplified Payment Verification software is not affected, unless > >> it makes assumptions about the maximum depth of a transaction's > >> merkle branch based on the minimum size of a transaction and the > >> maximum block size. > >> > >> ==Implementation== > >> > >> https://github.com/gavinandresen/bitcoinxt/tree/blocksize_fork > >> > >> > >> > >> _______________________________________________ bitcoin-dev mailing > >> list bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org > >> https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev > >> > > > > - -- > > http://abis.io ~ > > "a protocol concept to enable decentralization > > and expansion of a giving economy, and a new social good" > > https://keybase.io/odinn > > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- > > Version: GnuPG v1 > > > > iQEcBAEBAgAGBQJVigtJAAoJEGxwq/inSG8CqZwIAIG3ZQzekfccPxBOMqtim175 > > Crov6hrO9FaIzbLljECpUi60RKuDM/fs09ZJsKKIaJPkB5dlJjs4huc206veAIO+ > > K2h3DmAcA6W/Thk0C2cV3ewv+OiELDOhpeoddBBLPadAfaBGr4l9ltqWLdBtMCmw > > OtmiWstEuXTao9ApgoFOmybdmCjbfrfhejOOHs/pMiSn5xVE60RK4x2HFTFsHfAN > > fZAeLCuwuN2qWMrVrr+cbpCXjEuE1xZG3WEj7ppYoGR+AgF/Y5/U1j7S4PVpk85s > > CgMkpcWvLnBMmSCrllnRZy1Gfrwk36Pg0rXD/l/NNd0/KTpmPSvkX/bCyzFwbzo= > > =ft62 > > -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- > > _______________________________________________ > > bitcoin-dev mailing list > > bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org > > https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev > > > _______________________________________________ > bitcoin-dev mailing list > bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org > https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev > --f46d0444e9a52dce3405193b662e Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Miners can collude today to lower the block size limit.
In fact, this largely happens already out of laziness - mi= ners often follow the "soft" default limit set by Bitcoin Core, t= o the point where you can chart when miners upgrade to new software:=C2=A0<= a href=3D"http://hashingit.com/analysis/39-the-myth-of-the-megabyte-bitcoin= -block">http://hashingit.com/analysis/39-the-myth-of-the-megabyte-bitcoin-b= lock



On Tue, Jun 23, 2015 at 8:05 PM, William M= adden <will.madden@novauri.com> wrote:
Here are refutations of the approach in BIP-100 here: http://gtf.org/garzik/bitcoin/BIP100= -blocksizechangeproposal.pdf

To recap BIP-100:

1) Hard form to remove static 1MB block size limit
2) Add new floating block size limit set to 1MB
3) Historical 32MB message limit remains
4) Hard form on testnet 9/1/2015
5) Hard form on main 1/11/2016
6) 1MB limit changed via one-way lock in upgrade with a 12,000 block
threshold by 90% of blocks
7) Limit increase or decrease may not exceed 2x in any one step
8) Miners vote by encoding 'BV'+BlockSizeRequestValue into coinbase=
scriptSig, e.g. "/BV8000000/" to vote for 8M.
9) Votes are evaluated by dropping bottom 20% and top 20%, and then the
most common floor (minimum) is chosen.

8MB limits doubling just under every 2 years makes a static value grow
in a predictable manner.

BIP-100 makes a static value grow (or more importantly potentially
shrink) in an unpredictable manner based on voting mechanics that are
untested in this capacity in the bitcoin network.=C2=A0 Introducing a highl= y
variable and untested dynamic into an already complex system is
unnecessarily risky.

For example, the largely arbitrary voting rules listed in 9 above can be gamed.=C2=A0 If I control pools or have affiliates involved in pools that mine slightly more than 20% of blocks, I could wait until block sizes
are 10MB, and then suddenly vote "/BV5000000/" for 20% of blocks = and
"/BV5000001/" for the remaining 10%.=C2=A0 If others don't co= nsistently vote
for the same "/BV#/" value, vote too consistently and have their = value
thrown out as the top 20%, I could win the resize to half capacity
"/BV5000001/" because it was the lowest repeated value not in the= bottom
20%.

I could use this to force an exodus to my sidechain/alt coin, or to
choke out the bitcoin network.=C2=A0 A first improvement would be to only l= et
BIP-100 raise the cap and not lower it, but if I can think of a
vulnerability off the top of my head, there will be others on the other
side of the equation that have not been thought of.=C2=A0 Why bother
introducing a rube goldberg machine like voting when a simple 8mb cap
with predictable growth gets the job done, potentially permanently?


On 6/23/2015 9:43 PM, odinn wrote:
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
>
> 1) Hard fork not (necessarily) needed
> 2) See Garzik's BIP 100, better (this is not meant to say "su= perior to
> your stuff," but rather simply to say, "Better you should wo= rk with
> Garzik to implement BIP-100, that would be good")
> 3) See points 1 and 2 above
> 4) If still reading... changes should be (as you seem to have been
> trying to lean towards)... lean towards gradual change; hence, changes=
> that would flow from this BIP would be better off oriented in a
> process that dies not require the "way you have done it." >
> You did address that, to be fair - in your TODO, this link:
> http://gavinandresen.ninja/time-to-rol= l-out-bigger-blocks
>
> contained the following link:
>
> http://gavinandresen.ninja/bigger-blocks-= another-way
>
> However, in reading that, I didn't see any meaningful statements t= hat
> would refute the approach in Garzik's BIP-100.
>
> Maybe a better way to say this is,
>
> Work with Jeff Garzik (which I am sure you are already having such
> discussions in private) as well as the list discussions,
> Move forward on BIP-100 with Garzik and other developers (not such a > bad plan really) and don't get caught up in XT.=C2=A0 (If you feel= you can
> develop XT further, that is your thing but it would perhaps make you > lose focus, work together with other developers.)
>
> Relax into the process.=C2=A0 Things will be ok.
>
> Respectfully,
>
> - -O
>
> On 06/22/2015 11:18 AM, Gavin Andresen wrote:
>> I promised to write a BIP after I'd implemented
>> increase-the-maximum-block-size code, so here it is. It also lives=
>> at:
>> https://github.com/ga= vinandresen/bips/blob/blocksize/bip-8MB.mediawiki
>>
>>=C2=A0 I don't expect any proposal to please everybody; there a= re
>> unavoidable tradeoffs to increasing the maximum block size. I
>> prioritize implementation simplicity -- it is hard to write
>> consensus-critical code, so simpler is better.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> BIP: ?? Title: Increase Maximum Block Size Author: Gavin Andresen<= br> >> <gavinandresen@gmail= .com <mailto:gavinandrese= n@gmail.com>> Status:
>> Draft Type: Standards Track Created: 2015-06-22
>>
>> =3D=3DAbstract=3D=3D
>>
>> This BIP proposes replacing the fixed one megabyte maximum block >> size with a maximum size that grows over time at a predictable
>> rate.
>>
>> =3D=3DMotivation=3D=3D
>>
>> Transaction volume on the Bitcoin network has been growing, and >> will soon reach the one-megabyte-every-ten-minutes limit imposed b= y
>> the one megabyte maximum block size. Increasing the maximum size >> reduces the impact of that limit on Bitcoin adoption and growth. >>
>> =3D=3DSpecification=3D=3D
>>
>> After deployment on the network (see the Deployment section for >> details), the maximum allowed size of a block on the main network<= br> >> shall be calculated based on the timestamp in the block header. >>
>> The maximum size shall be 8,000,000 bytes at a timestamp of
>> 2016-01-11 00:00:00 UTC (timestamp 1452470400), and shall double >> every 63,072,000 seconds (two years, ignoring leap years), until >> 2036-01-06 00:00:00 UTC (timestamp 2083190400). The maximum size o= f
>> blocks in between doublings will increase linearly based on the >> block's timestamp. The maximum size of blocks after 2036-01-06=
>> 00:00:00 UTC shall be 8,192,000,000 bytes.
>>
>> Expressed in pseudo-code, using integer math:
>>
>> function max_block_size(block_timestamp):
>>
>> time_start =3D 1452470400 time_double =3D 60*60*24*365*2 size_star= t =3D
>> 8000000 if block_timestamp >=3D time_start+time_double*10 retur= n
>> size_start * 2^10
>>
>> // Piecewise-linear-between-doublings growth: time_delta =3D
>> block_timestamp - t_start doublings =3D time_delta / time_double >> remainder =3D time_delta % time_double interpolate =3D (size_start= *
>> 2^doublings * remainder) / time_double max_size =3D size_start * >> 2^doublings + interpolate
>>
>> return max_size
>>
>> =3D=3DDeployment=3D=3D
>>
>> Deployment shall be controlled by hash-power supermajority vote >> (similar to the technique used in BIP34), but the earliest possibl= e
>> activation time is 2016-01-11 00:00:00 UTC.
>>
>> Activation is achieved when 750 of 1,000 consecutive blocks in the=
>> best chain have a version number with bits 3 and 14 set (0x2000000= 4
>> in hex). The activation time will be the timestamp of the 750'= th
>> block plus a two week (1,209,600 second) grace period to give any<= br> >> remaining miners or services time to upgrade to support larger
>> blocks. If a supermajority is achieved more than two weeks before<= br> >> 2016-01-11 00:00:00 UTC, the activation time will be 2016-01-11 >> 00:00:00 UTC.
>>
>> Block version numbers are used only for activation; once activatio= n
>> is achieved, the maximum block size shall be as described in the >> specification section, regardless of the version number of the
>> block.
>>
>>
>> =3D=3DRationale=3D=3D
>>
>> The initial size of 8,000,000 bytes was chosen after testing the >> current reference implementation code with larger block sizes and<= br> >> receiving feedback from miners stuck behind bandwidth-constrained<= br> >> networks (in particular, Chinese miners behind the Great Firewall<= br> >> of China).
>>
>> The doubling interval was chosen based on long-term growth trends<= br> >> for CPU power, storage, and Internet bandwidth. The 20-year limit<= br> >> was chosen because exponential growth cannot continue forever.
>>
>> Calculations are based on timestamps and not blockchain height
>> because a timestamp is part of every block's header. This allo= ws
>> implementations to know a block's maximum size after they have=
>> downloaded it's header, but before downloading any transaction= s.
>>
>> The deployment plan is taken from Jeff Garzik's proposed BIP10= 0
>> block size increase, and is designed to give miners, merchants, >> and full-node-running-end-users sufficient time to upgrade to
>> software that supports bigger blocks. A 75% supermajority was
>> chosen so that one large mining pool does not have effective veto<= br> >> power over a blocksize increase. The version number scheme is
>> designed to be compatible with Pieter's Wuille's proposed = "Version
>> bits" BIP.
>>
>> TODO: summarize objections/arguments from
>> http://gavinandresen.ninja/time-to= -roll-out-bigger-blocks.
>>
>> TODO: describe other proposals and their advantages/disadvantages<= br> >> over this proposal.
>>
>>
>> =3D=3DCompatibility=3D=3D
>>
>> This is a hard-forking change to the Bitcoin protocol; anybody
>> running code that fully validates blocks must upgrade before the >> activation time or they will risk rejecting a chain containing
>> larger-than-one-megabyte blocks.
>>
>> Simplified Payment Verification software is not affected, unless >> it makes assumptions about the maximum depth of a transaction'= s
>> merkle branch based on the minimum size of a transaction and the >> maximum block size.
>>
>> =3D=3DImplementation=3D=3D
>>
>> https://github.com/gavinandre= sen/bitcoinxt/tree/blocksize_fork
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________ bitcoin-dev mailin= g
>> list bitc= oin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org
>> https://lists.linuxfoundation= .org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev
>>
>
> - --
> http:/= /abis.io ~
> "a protocol concept to enable decentralization
> and expansion of a giving economy, and a new social good"
> https://keybase.io/odinn
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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> CgMkpcWvLnBMmSCrllnRZy1Gfrwk36Pg0rXD/l/NNd0/KTpmPSvkX/bCyzFwbzo=3D
> =3Dft62
> -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
> _______________________________________________
> bitcoin-dev mailing list
> bitcoin-dev@l= ists.linuxfoundation.org
> https://lists.linuxfoundation.org= /mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev
>
_______________________________________________
bitcoin-dev mailing list
bitcoin-dev@lists.= linuxfoundation.org
https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mail= man/listinfo/bitcoin-dev

--f46d0444e9a52dce3405193b662e--