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<h1 id="title" itemprop="headline">An Improved Known Plaintext Attack on PKZIP Encryption Algorithm</h1>
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<p class="a-plus-plus">The PKZIP encryption algorithm has been widely used to protect the contents of compressed archives despite the known security weakness. Biham and Kocher proposed a known plaintext attack with the complexity 2<sup class="a-plus-plus">40</sup> when 12 plaintext bytes are given. Stay suggested a different way to attack and addressed an idea which makes the complexity be reduced if the information of additional files encrypted under the same password is provided. However, the complexity of Stay’s attack is quite large when only one file is used.</p> <p class="a-plus-plus">In this paper, we propose a new attack based on Biham and Kocher’s attack. We introduce a method to reduce the complexity using the information of multi-files, so our attack can have the both advantages of previous two attacks. As a result, our attack becomes about (3.4)<sup class="a-plus-plus"> <em class="a-plus-plus">l</em> </sup> times faster than the attack of Biham and Kocher when <em class="a-plus-plus">l</em> additional files are used. Our experiment shows that ours is at least 10 times faster than Stay’s. In addition, our attack can be improved in the chosen ciphertext model. It is about (21.3)<sup class="a-plus-plus"> <em class="a-plus-plus">l</em> </sup> times faster than Biham and Kocher’s attack with chosen plaintext of <em class="a-plus-plus">l</em> additional files.</p>
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<span class="authors">Biham, E., Kocher, P.: A Known Plaintext Attack on the PKZIP Stream Cipher. In: Preneel, B. (ed.) FSE 1994. LNCS, vol. 1008, pp. 144–153. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)</span>
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<span class="authors">Lipmaa, H., Wallén, J., Dumas, P.: On the Additive Differential Probability of Exclusive-Or. In: Roy, B., Meier, W. (eds.) FSE 2004. LNCS, vol. 3017, pp. 317–331. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)</span>
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<span class="authors">Stay, M.: ZIP Attacks with Reduced Known Plaintext. In: Matsui, M. (ed.) FSE 2001. LNCS, vol. 2355, pp. 125–134. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)</span>
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<span class="authors">PKWARE, Inc., APPNOTE.TXT - .ZIP File Format Specification. version 6.3.2, <a href="http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT" class="a-plus-plus">
<span class="a-plus-plus emphasis fontcategory-non-proportional">http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT</span>
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<a href="/book/10.1007/978-3-642-31912-9">Information Security and Cryptology - ICISC 2011</a>
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<dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-subtitle">Book Subtitle</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-book-subtitle">14th International Conference, Seoul, Korea, November 30 - December 2, 2011. Revised Selected Papers</dd>
<dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-chapter-page-ranges">Pages</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-book-chapter-page-ranges">pp 235-247</dd>
<dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-chapter-copyright-year">Copyright</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-book-chapter-copyright-year">2012</dd>
<dt>DOI</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-book-chapter-doi" class="doi">10.1007/978-3-642-31912-9_16</dd>
<dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-print-isbn">Print ISBN</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-book-print-isbn">978-3-642-31911-2</dd>
<dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-online-isbn">Online ISBN</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-book-online-isbn">978-3-642-31912-9</dd>
<dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-series-title">Series Title</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-book-series-title">
<a href="/bookseries/558">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</a>
</dd>
<dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-series-volume">Series Volume</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-book-series-volume">7259</dd>
<dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-series-print-issn">Series ISSN</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-book-series-print-issn">0302-9743</dd>
<dt id="dt-abstract-about-publisher">Publisher</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-publisher">Springer Berlin Heidelberg</dd>
<dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-copyright-holder">Copyright Holder</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-book-copyright-holder">Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg</dd>
<dt>Additional Links</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-additional-links">
<ul>
<li>
<a class="external" href="http://www.springer.com/978-3-642-31911-2" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">About this Book</a>
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Topics</dt>
<dd itemprop="genre">
<ul class="abstract-about-subject">
<li>
<a href="/search?facet-subject=%22Computer+Communication+Networks%22">Computer Communication Networks</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/search?facet-subject=%22Data+Encryption%22">Data Encryption</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/search?facet-subject=%22Management+of+Computing+and+Information+Systems%22">Management of Computing and Information Systems</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/search?facet-subject=%22Algorithm+Analysis+and+Problem+Complexity%22">Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/search?facet-subject=%22Systems+and+Data+Security%22">Systems and Data Security</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/search?facet-subject=%22Discrete+Mathematics+in+Computer+Science%22">Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science</a>
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Keywords</dt>
<dd id="abstract-about-keywords" itemprop="keywords">
<ul class="abstract-keywords">
<li>PKZIP encryption</li>
<li>known plaintext attack</li>
</ul>
</dd>
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<a title="/industry/electronics" href="/industry/electronics">Electronics</a>
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<li>
<a href="/search?package=11645">eBook Package english Computer Science</a>
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<li>
<a href="/search?package=90011652">eBook Package english full Collection</a>
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Editors</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="editors">
<li itemprop="editor" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<a class="person" href="/search?facet-author=%22Howon+Kim%22" itemprop="name">Howon Kim</a>
<a class="envelope" href="mailto:howonkim@pusan.ac.kr" title="howonkim@pusan.ac.kr"><img src="/static/0.8699/images/envelope.png" alt="howonkim@pusan.ac.kr"/></a>
<sup title="(A06) 6503 School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University">(16)</sup>
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Editor Affiliations</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="editor-affiliations">
<li>
<span class="position">16.</span>
<span class="affiliation">
(A06) 6503 School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Authors</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="authors">
<li itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<a class="person" href="/search?facet-author=%22Kyung+Chul+Jeong%22" itemprop="name">Kyung Chul Jeong</a>
<a class="envelope" href="mailto:jeongkc@ensec.re.kr" title="jeongkc@ensec.re.kr"><img src="/static/0.8699/images/envelope.png" alt="jeongkc@ensec.re.kr"/></a>
<sup title="The Attached Institute of ETRI">(17)</sup>
</li>
<li itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<a class="person" href="/search?facet-author=%22Dong+Hoon+Lee%22" itemprop="name">Dong Hoon Lee</a>
<a class="envelope" href="mailto:dlee@ensec.re.kr" title="dlee@ensec.re.kr"><img src="/static/0.8699/images/envelope.png" alt="dlee@ensec.re.kr"/></a>
<sup title="The Attached Institute of ETRI">(17)</sup>
</li>
<li itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<a class="person" href="/search?facet-author=%22Daewan+Han%22" itemprop="name">Daewan Han</a>
<a class="envelope" href="mailto:dwh@ensec.re.kr" title="dwh@ensec.re.kr"><img src="/static/0.8699/images/envelope.png" alt="dwh@ensec.re.kr"/></a>
<sup title="The Attached Institute of ETRI">(17)</sup>
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Author Affiliations</dt>
<dd>
<ul class="author-affiliations">
<li>
<span class="position">17.</span>
<span class="affiliation">
The Attached Institute of ETRI, P.O. Box 1, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Korea
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
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