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</span> </div> <h1 id="title" itemprop="headline">Circadian Rhythmicity of Man Under the Influence of Weak Electromagnetic Fields</h1> <div class="author-list"> <ul class="authors"> <li class="author" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="/search?facet-author=%22R%C3%BCtger+A.+Wever%22" itemprop="name">Rütger A. Wever</a> </li> <li class="show-all-hide-authors"> <span class="more-authors">…</span> <span class="show-all-authors">show all 1</span> <span class="hide-authors">hide</span> </li> </ul></div> <div id="abstract-actions"> <span class="action icon-view"> <a class="lookinside-href webtrekk-track" href="/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4684-6799-4_8/lookinside/000.png" pageType="rd_springer_com.book.chapter_preview" doi="10.1007/978-1-4684-6799-4_8" parentContentType="Book" contentType="Chapter" publication="10.1007/978-1-4684-6799-4 | Electromagnetic Fields and Circadian Rhythmicity" viewType="Preview">Look Inside</a> </span> <span class="action icon-unlock"> <a id="request-access-link" class="webtrekk-track" href="/accesspage/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-6799-4_8?coverImageUrl=%2Fstatic%2F0.6268%2Fsites%2Flink%2Fimages%2Fabstract_cover_placeholder.png" pageType="rd_springer_com.book.chapter_denial" doi="10.1007/978-1-4684-6799-4_8" contentType="Chapter" parentContentType="Book" viewType="Denial" publication="10.1007/978-1-4684-6799-4 | Electromagnetic Fields and Circadian Rhythmicity">Get Access</a> </span> </div> <h2 class="abstract-heading">Abstract</h2> <div class="abstract-content formatted" itemprop="description"> <p class="a-plus-plus">Circadian rhythmicity is of endogenous origin, that is, it is generated within every organism without needing the input of day-night stimuli. Its period is usually close to but not precisely 24 hr. In humans, the free-running period is typically about 25 hr. In fact, in most experiments all rhythms run in synchrony (“internally synchronized”). In a minority of experiments (i.e., 52 experiments to date), the period of about 25 hr is present only in some physiological rhythms (e.g., deep body temperature), whereas the sleep-wake rhythm and other rhythms run with considerably deviating periods (i.e., between 12 and 65 hr) and the rhythms are described as “internally desynchronized.”</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-aside" role="complementary"> <div class="cover"> <div class="look-inside cover-image-animate"> <div id="reader-overlay"> <div id="reader-page-template"> <div id="page-%P"> <div class="page-number"> Page %P </div> <div class="pdf-page" id="page-img-container-%ID"> <img id="pdf-page-image-%ID" class="pdf-image" src="/static/0.6268/images/pdf-preview/spacer.gif" alt="Loading..." width="%W" style="width:%Wpx;" data-loaded="false"/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="reader-position"> <div id="reader"> <div id="reader-buttons"> <a href="#" id="pdf-close" class="btn btn-close right"> Close </a> <a href="#" id="toggletext" class="btn" title="Toggle plain text"> Plain text </a> </div> <div id="viewer" class="show-pdf"> <div id="scroller"></div> </div> <div class="top-shadow"></div> <div class="bottom-shadow"></div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="webtrekk-track lookinside-href" href="/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4684-6799-4_8/lookinside/000.png" pageType="rd_springer_com.book.chapter_preview" parentContentType="Book" contentType="Chapter" doi="10.1007/978-1-4684-6799-4_8" viewType="Preview" publication="10.1007/978-1-4684-6799-4 | Electromagnetic Fields and Circadian Rhythmicity"> <img class="look-inside-cover" src="/static/0.6268/sites/link/images/abstract_cover_placeholder.png" alt="Electromagnetic Fields and Circadian Rhythmicity" width="153" itemprop="image"/> <img class="look-inside-page" src="/static-content/0.6268/lookinside/60/chp%253A10.1007%252F978-1-4684-6799-4_8/000.png" alt="Electromagnetic Fields and Circadian Rhythmicity" width="153" itemprop="image"/> <span class="look-inside-badge"> Look <br/> Inside </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="partner-logos"> <ul> </ul> </div> <div class="other-actions share"> <h2>Share</h2> <a id="facebook" href="javascript:void(0)" title="Share this content on Facebook">Share this content on Facebook</a> <a id="twitter" href="javascript:void(0)" title="Share this content on Twitter">Share this content on Twitter</a> <a id="linkedin" href="javascript:void(0)" title="Share this content on LinkedIn">Share this content on LinkedIn</a> </div> <div class="section-links"> </div> <div class="other-actions"> <h2>Other actions</h2> <ul> <li> <a id="export-citation" href="/export-citation/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-6799-4_8"> Export citations </a> </li> <li> <a id="about-link" class="external" href="http://www.springer.com/978-1-4684-6801-4">About this Book</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="document-aside" role="complementary"> <div id="abstract-related" class="hidden expander"> <div class="expander-title"> <div class="heading"> <h2>Related Content</h2> <img class="hidden" src="/static/0.6268/sites/link/images/loading_expander.gif"/> </div> </div> <div class="expander-content"> <div class="expander-content-inner"> <ol id="related-list"></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div id="abstract-esm" class="expander expander-empty"> <div class="expander-title"> <div class="heading"> <h2>Supplementary Material (0)</h2> </div> </div> </div> <div id="abstract-references" class="expander"> <div class="expander-title"> <div class="heading"> <h2>References (25)</h2> </div> </div> <div class="expander-content"> <div class="expander-content-inner"> <div class="formatted"> <ol> <li> <span class="authors">Bawin, S.M., Adey, W.R. 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(1985b): The electromagnetic environment and the circadian rhythms of human subjects. In: <em class="a-plus-plus">Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields</em>, Grandolfo, M., Michaelson, S.M., Rindi, A., eds. New York-London: Plenum Press</span> </li> <li> <span class="authors">Weyer, R.A. (1986): Characteristics of circadian rhythms in human functions. <em class="a-plus-plus">J Neural Transm</em>21 (Suppl): 323–373</span> </li> <li> <span class="authors">Weyer, R.A. (1987): Mathematical models of circadian one- and multi-oscillator systems. In: <em class="a-plus-plus">Some Mathematical Questions in Biology: Circadian Rhythms</em>, Carpenter, G.A., ed. Providence, Rhode Island• The Amer Math Soc</span> </li> <li> <span class="authors">Weyer, R.A. (1988): Order and disorder in human circadian rhythmicity: Possible relations to mental disorders. In: <em class="a-plus-plus">Biological Rhythms and Mental Disorders</em>, Kupfer, D.J., Monk, T.H., Barchas, J.D., eds. New York: Guilford Press</span> </li> <li> <span class="authors">Weyer, R.A. (1989): Light effects on human circadian rhythms: A review of recent Andechs experiments. <em class="a-plus-plus">J Biol Rhythms</em>4: 166–185</span> </li> <li> <span class="authors">Weyer, R.A., Polasek, J., Wildgruber, C.M. (1983): Bright light affects human circadian rhythms. <em class="a-plus-plus">Pflügers Arch</em>396: 85–8</span> <a class="external" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584704">CrossRef</a> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="abstract-about" class="expander expander-open"> <div class="expander-title"> <div class="heading"> <h2>About this Chapter</h2> </div> </div> <div class="expander-content"> <div class="expander-content-inner"> <div class="summary"> <dl> <dt>Title</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-title">Circadian Rhythmicity of Man Under the Influence of Weak Electromagnetic Fields</dd> <dt>Book Title</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-publication"> <a href="/book/10.1007/978-1-4684-6799-4">Electromagnetic Fields and Circadian Rhythmicity</a> </dd> <dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-chapter-part-number">Book Part</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-book-chapter-part-number">V</dd> <dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-chapter-page-ranges">Pages</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-book-chapter-page-ranges">pp 121-139</dd> <dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-chapter-copyright-year">Copyright</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-book-chapter-copyright-year">1992</dd> <dt>DOI</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-book-chapter-doi" class="doi">10.1007/978-1-4684-6799-4_8</dd> <dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-print-isbn">Print ISBN</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-book-print-isbn">978-1-4684-6801-4</dd> <dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-online-isbn">Online ISBN</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-book-online-isbn">978-1-4684-6799-4</dd> <dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-series-title">Series Title</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-book-series-title"> <a href="/bookseries/4909">Circadian Factors in Human Health and Performance</a> </dd> <dt id="dt-abstract-about-publisher">Publisher</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-publisher">Birkhäuser Boston</dd> <dt id="dt-abstract-about-book-copyright-holder">Copyright Holder</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-book-copyright-holder">Birkhäuser Boston</dd> <dt>Additional Links</dt> <dd id="abstract-about-additional-links"> <ul> <li> <a class="external" href="http://www.springer.com/978-1-4684-6801-4">About this Book</a> </li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Topics</dt> <dd itemprop="genre"> <ul class="abstract-about-subject"> <li> <a href="/search?facet-subject=%22Science%2C+general%22">Science, general</a> </li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <dl> <dt>Editors</dt> <dd> <ul class="editors"> <li itemprop="editor" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a class="person" href="/search?facet-author=%22Martin+C.+Moore-Ede%22" itemprop="name">Martin C. Moore-Ede</a> <sup title="Institute for Circadian Physiology">(2)</sup> </li> <li itemprop="editor" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a class="person" href="/search?facet-author=%22Scott+S.+Campbell%22" itemprop="name">Scott S. Campbell</a> <sup title="Department of Psychiatry Institute of Chronobiology, New York Hospital—Cornell Medical Center">(3)</sup> </li> <li itemprop="editor" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a class="person" href="/search?facet-author=%22Russel+J.+Reiter%22" itemprop="name">Russel J. Reiter</a> <sup title="Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio">(4)</sup> </li> </ul> </dd> <dt>Editor Affiliations</dt> <dd> <ul class="editor-affiliations"> <li> <span class="position">2.</span> <span class="affiliation"> Institute for Circadian Physiology </span> </li> <li> <span class="position">3.</span> <span class="affiliation"> Department of Psychiatry Institute of Chronobiology, New York Hospital—Cornell Medical Center </span> </li> <li> <span class="position">4.</span> <span class="affiliation"> Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio </span> </li> </ul> </dd> <dt>Authors</dt> <dd> <ul class="authors"> <li itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a class="person" href="/search?facet-author=%22R%C3%BCtger+A.+Wever%22" itemprop="name">Rütger A. 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