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Application protocol: System engineering and design ISO/WD 10303-233

Cover page
Table of contents
Copyright
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

4 Information requirements
  4.1 Business concepts and terminology
  4.2 Information requirements model
5 Module interpreted model
6 Conformance requirements

A EXPRESS expanded listings
B MIM short names
C Implementation method specific requirements
D Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma
E Information object registration
F Application activity model    AAM
G ARM EXPRESS-G diagrams
H MIM EXPRESS-G diagrams
I Computer interpretable listing
J Application protocol implementation and usage guide
K Technical discussions
Bibliography
Index

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

3.1 Terms defined in ISO 10303-1

For the purposes of this document, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-1 apply:

3.2 Terms defined in ISO 10303-202

For the purposes of this document, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-202 apply:

3.3 Terms defined in ISO/TS 10303-1001

For the purposes of this document, the following terms defined in ISO/TS 10303-1001 apply:

3.4 Terms defined in ISO/TS 10303-1017

For the purposes of this document, the following terms defined in ISO/TS 10303-1017 apply:

3.5 Other terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply:

3.5.1
activation rules

the set of rules used by an execution engine in a tool to execute the function based behavior

NOTE    The same behavior model can produce different execution results if the rules of execution differ between two tools that exchange data. These are the entities that allow recording of the rules used by the tool putting data into the data model.

3.5.2
analytical model

provides a mathematical description of the properties of a system

NOTE    An analytical model may be a library model.

3.5.3
analytical representation

the association of specific properties of specific system assemblies with an analytical model in order to unambiguously characterize the performance of a specific part

NOTE    To perform a calculation it is necessary to associate parameters with other elements of equations.

3.5.4
and

an ordering operation pair that establishes concurrency among functions

3.5.5
and in

an ordering operation that shows the path rejoining among concurrent functions

3.5.6
and out

an ordering operation that shows the branching our among concurrent functions

3.5.7
behavior

what an element is to do or is not to do in response to excitations it receives from the external elements in its environment

NOTE    This is the subclass of property that includes measurable characteristics in normal use. It encompasses the response of the system to excitation by things in its environment. In some other engineering disciplines it is the analysis with differential equations that is called behavior. That is not what is meant here. Here, in AP233, behavior is a model representation of a functional requirement: it is what the system is to do.

EXAMPLE    Make a fender is a behavior with several function steps, inputs of sheet steel, power, paint primer, paint and the output of a fender. Ring is the behavior of a bell or tuning fork. The "Q" of the bell or tuning fork is a physical property of the bell and its environment.

3.5.8
calculated property value

a property value of a whole calculated or estimated from the values of the parts that assemble to make the whole

NOTE    The laws of science and engineering interrelate the values of properties and are used to calculate the values for the whole based on the designed values for the parts.

EXAMPLE    As the designers do their work they arrive at design values for the parts. These values will generally differ from the budgeted values because the designers have detailed information unavailable before. It is necessary to calculate the properties of the whole based on these design values to ensure that requirements are satisfied by the proposed design. The mass of the space probe should be 150 pounds or less, based on the design data.

3.5.9
category

categories provide the grouping of elements into a set based on defined properties that serve as selection criteria for which elements of all those in the universe belong in that set

NOTE    This is one of the forms of generalization/specialization. This is not inheritance as used in object-oriented software languages. Physical elements of matter and energy do not inherit their properties. Rather they posses the properties of themselves and can be identified by measurement of those properties.

EXAMPLE    Explanation: It is categorization that enables us to define alternatives and create taxonomies for libraries.

EXAMPLE    the super category is all apples raised on a particular farm. The subcategories are used for sorting and include: good apples, bruised apples, marked apples, rotten apples, and wormy apples.

EXAMPLE    the super category is all fruit raised on a particular farm. The subcategories are used for sorting and include: good apples, bruised apples, marked apples, rotten apples, and wormy apples.

EXAMPLE    An automobile has in its decomposition tree an engine. For this automobile any of three engines: 140 HP, 180 HP, and 220 HP. The superclass of engine is exhausted by the subclasses and the subclasses are independent.

EXAMPLE    All of the automobile engines under current manufacture by GM and its subsidiaries are considered as candidates for three engines that will be used in a new car.

3.5.10
control function port

a function port that accepts input/output that triggers the function

NOTE    The constructs regular function port and control function port allow input/output to trigger some function but not others.

3.5.11
design view

a partial view of the system that captures only design information; it contains no information about realized, manufactured things that may have lot numbers or serial numbers

NOTE    Several different design hierarchues can exist for different purposes. The hierarchy appropriate for manufacturing may conatin more elemnts than the one for engineering design by including materials used in manufacture. The hierarchy for verification of first system built may be different than others because of the need to build parts of the system for early testing to reduce technical risk.

EXAMPLE    This definition corresponds to the SC4 convention of separately representing design and realization. SC4 uses the name Part to represent design .

3.5.12
domain of interest

all elements of interest to the problem at hand

NOTE    These include the system, its environment, external systems of interest in the environment, stakeholders, enabling things, things that may cause failure, and all other things of interests.

3.5.13
effectiveness measure

states an optimization condition that a system shall meet

NOTE    Requirements define the domain of the solution; that is, the solution space. The effectiveness measures drive the solution to a particular region in that space. The effectiveness measures are tightly related to stakeholder needs.

EXAMPLE    The requirements differences between a PC and a laptop are largely in the laptop optimization conditions for minimum weight, minimum thickness, and maximum battery life. These critiera are some of those that customers (one of the kinds of stakeholder) consider in deciding what to purchase.

3.5.14
element

that which is discernable by the reproducible measurement of its characteristics

NOTE    The semantic term element includes matter, energy and information. The term product from ISO 10303-Part 1 STEP definitions defines product as: a thing or substance produced by a natural or artificial process. This part of ISO 10303 needs to define the informational attributes associated with the entity named "product" as defined within ISO 10303-1017 - Product Identification. This entity has attributes that enable one to capture: id, name and description. ISO 10303-1017 provides the definition: A Product is the identification of a product or of a type of product. It is a collector of data common to all revisions of the product. Element appears to be a legitimate subclass of product because this part requires reproducible measurement of element.

EXAMPLE    Any thing from microscopic particles to galaxy clusters is an element. Any thing with a finite existence from galaxies with billion-year lives to trans-uranic elements with lifetimes less than nano-seconds. Counter-example: Things like ghosts, devils, the Loch Ness monster, the city of Atlantis are not discernable by reproducible measurement and are excluded. Research and development things that do not yet have reproducible measurements and process control are excluded. For example, silicon for electronic devices would be excluded in 1900.

3.5.15
environment

all elements external to the system that interact with it

NOTE    It is often possible to limit the parts of the environment needed for development purposes to those external systems that are neighbors to the system.

NOTE    The environment includes not only the external systems that couple with it for useful purposes, but it also includes all external systems that may interact in a manner that causes failure.

EXAMPLE    Elements in the environment need not have well defined boundaries as do systems. A laptop computer can connect to a power grid. But for the design of the laptop it is not important to consider the power grid as a system. It is simpler to consider it as an element with an interface that the laptop connects to when needed.

3.5.16
external function

a kind of function that is allocated to and implemented by elements in the environment

NOTE    These functions act as sources and sinks of input/output

NOTE    Input/output is associated with one function.

3.5.17
function based behavior

a description of behavior based on function and transformation without reference to state

3.5.18
function exit

a function based behavior construct that links a functional decomposition to the exit paths identified for the parent function

EXAMPLE    If function exit is decomposed, there are function exit constructs corresponding to the two exit paths in the higher level function. When one of the exit constructs is encountered, execution of the decomposition is complete and control is passed to the corresponding exit path at the higher level.

3.5.19
function ordering

imposes how/when functions execute, which may be sequential, concurrent, traversed iteratively, or lie on separate alternative path

NOTE    David some word-smithing has been done, please check

NOTE    It is a part of behavior. There are several ways to represent function ordering. It may be done with ordering operators and triggering input/output as in classical behavior diagrams or it may be done with events, states, and transitions as done in state machines and state charts. For this fine level of detail it is necessary to intercompare the detailed models in SEDRES with those in the concept model and those emerging from UML 2.0 development.

EXAMPLE    A function is activated when all preceeding threads of functions are complete. At this point the function examines its inputs. If all triggering inputs are present the function proceeds to do its work. If one or more triggering inputs is absent, the function waits for them before doing its work. Triggers that arrive while the functions are running are stored in a first in first out queue. Ordinary input/output that arrives while a function is deactivated is stored in a last in first out queue. If the function is running it is discarded. A function is deactivated when it completes its work or is deactivated by input/output.

3.5.20
function port

a logical entity to whch input/output is bound

3.5.21
function; transformation

the entity in the context of modeling that transforms an input set of elements into a set of output elements that may be the same or measurably different from the input set

NOTE    It is a part of behavior. This is what functions do in mathematics where the input/output are variables. In software the input/output is data. In systems engineering the input/output are elements, matter, energy, and information. An internal function is a kind of function that is allocated to and implemented by the system/structure. An external function is a kind of function that is allocated to and implemented by elements in the environment.

EXAMPLE    The function may be "burn gasses" with an input of two moles of hydrogen and one mole of oxygen. The output will be one mole of water, distinctly different from the inputs and a lot of energy. This function may be followed by a function "cool to 90 degrees centigrade". The input had pressure and volume proportional to temperature; the output is now liquid with a well-defined volume, an isotropic compressibility and a viscosity. If the next function is "cool to ???10 degrees centigrade", then the viscosity goes away and the compressibility becomes a fourth rank tensor relating stress to strain.

3.5.22
functional breakdown

a particular collection of functional and other entities collected for a particular engineering purpose

NOTE    These collections allow an engineer to examine functionality for special purposes, picking those elements needed from the prototypical design and realization views.

EXAMPLE    An engineer may wish to study the cooling system of a car engine and require a collection of entities distributed through the prototypical design or realization hierarchies.

3.5.23
functional requirement

states what the shall be done by the system to which it is allocated

3.5.24
imposed design requirement

states particular elements that shall be used in the desiign of the system or part

3.5.25
input output

elements consumed by a function are inputs and those generated by a function are outputs

NOTE    The name input/output or I/O is used because a given I/O entity is generated by one function and consumed by another. It is a part of behavior. In the general case outputs are different things than inputs, and physical properties, behaviors, values, variances and probability distributions can all change. In this general definition "function" is an element of type information and cannot be realized in the physical world except through elements of type matter or energy that exhibit that function. In the physical world things transform other things. It is this fact of reality that results in the allocation of function to structure which is really a statement that this particular structure entity exhibits this particular function and it will be used to provide that transformation. The thought pattern is to think of the desired transformation, function, to consider alternative things that might be used to provide it, and to select among these, using a trade study based on optimization.

EXAMPLE    I/O may trrigger functions and it may terminate functions.

3.5.26
interconnection

a listing of the ports that interconnect with one another

NOTE    The interconnection may exist for structural reasons without any flow from port to port. The interconnection may exist because functions are assigned to particular assemblies, and the output from one function is an input to the other function. In this case the ports and their interconnection must exist to support flow. The alias for interconnection is interface connection, the term used in AP239.

3.5.27
interface requirement

states the characteristics of the interface to which it is assigned

NOTE    It includes the geometric description, input/output description, protocols that must be met, assemblies of parts required to join two ports, allowable defect characteristics, etc.

3.5.28
interface specification

a description of a port of a part that includes the geometric description, input/output description, protocols that must be met, assemblies of parts required to join two ports, allowable defect characteristics, etc. including the emergent properties of the interface that are the result of the two ports interacting, and are not associated with either

NOTE    Parts interact physically through direct physical contact, exchange of elements, and through forces they exert such as gravity, compression or torque. Thus input/output is bound to ports and described by interfaces. The interface may consist of more than the two ports and may involve an assembly of parts as in the case of two flanges that are assembled with six bolts and an O-ring. The interface may also require detailed description to define what occurs there or how it is maintained.

EXAMPLE    For two ports to connect, their interfaces must be compatible. The current carrying capacity of a plug and a socket is a result of the surface area of contact, the contact force, the wiping action on plugging them together, and the surface conductivity of both. This is an emergent property that is not assignable to either port individually.

3.5.29
internal function

a kind of function that is allocated to and implemented by system/structure

NOTE    For each input/output there are two such functions, one that generates it and one that consumes it.

3.5.30
issue

any question raised concerning the system or the system development

3.5.31
iterate

an ordering operation that repeats a function or group of functions

3.5.32
iterate limit

an ordering operation that establishes the set over which the iteration is performed

3.5.33
link

a particular kind of part that is used when it is helpful not to model or specify its details

NOTE    Link must be provided in the concept model because a number of application tools use the concept. Links ultimately are fully specified and become a system-assembly.

EXAMPLE    In a pumping system it may be useful to define the pumps and tanks while representing the piping as links without detail. At some point in the design detail like diameter, flow impedence, pressure rating, and corrosion resistance must be defined. At his point the link becomes a part.

3.5.34
loop

an ordering operation that repeats a function or group of functions some number of times

3.5.35
loop exit

the ordering operation that terminates a loop and provides correct continuation of the execution path

3.5.36
loop limit

the number or expression for the number of repetitions in a loop

3.5.37
measured property value

a property value established by measurement of an actual part

NOTE    These measurements are often made when actual parts first become available. They verify that the parts meet their requirements. They also verify the quality of analysis models used during design.

EXAMPLE    A part like a turbine blade has a number of important properties critical to the performance of a jet engine, These include aerodynamic efficiency, weight, moment of inertia, vibration spectra, mean time between failure, and corrosion resistance. Important properties are predicted durng design with analysis. Measurement is made as soon as possible.

3.5.38
model parameter

a formally declared variable of the analytical model provided for an external application to populate at execution time in a computing environment

NOTE    Physical properties are represented in equations by parameters.

EXAMPLE    In Spice, temperature is a model parameter that may be set at the execution time.

3.5.39
multi exit function

a special function with multiple exit conditions that can serve the same purpose as "or out"

3.5.40
optimization direction

states the direction of optimization, maximize or minimize, for an effectiveness measure

EXAMPLE    For a laptop computer weight and thickness are minimized and battery life is maximized.

3.5.41
or

an ordering operator pair that establishes alternative paths for a group of functions

3.5.42
or in

the ordering operation that establishes the rejoin of alternative paths

3.5.43
or out

the ordering operation that establishes branching of functions and their alternative paths

3.5.44
ordering operations

function ordering constructions that establish how the functions are ordered

3.5.45
organization

description of the roles of persons in a group or team ordered definition list.

3.5.46
parameter assignment

provides actual values for characteristics declared formally by the model parameter

NOTE    Some parameters are left in parametric form and are calculated. Others are supplied values to fully specify the equations.

3.5.47
part

static parts of the system including their interconnection and interconnection descriptions

NOTE    Parts have physical properties assigned to them. Many engineering domains think of these as components, but manufacturing thinks of them as assemblies because they build assemblies. Assembly is a standard ISO naming convention. It may be desirable to alias this name.

NOTE    Physical properties are budgeted to structure using analysis methods, and the emergent performance is calculated using the same methods. Behavior is allocated to the structure. Form and function are separated conceptually so that the design can be optimized by considering several different structures that can provide the desired emergent behavior and properties.

3.5.48
performance requirement

states a time duration or a time probability for the completion of a functional requirement or a function as a modeling element

3.5.49
physical breakdown

a particular collection of realized things and other entities collected for a particular engineering purpose

NOTE    These collections allow an engineer to examine physical realizations for special purposes, picking those elements needed from the prototypical system, design and realization views.

EXAMPLE    An engineer may wish to study the cooling system of a car engine and require a collection of entities distributed through the prototypical design or realization hierarchies.

3.5.50
physical property

what an element exhibits or does not exhibit in response to excitation and stimulation from auxiliary measurement entities that are not part of its context

NOTE    This is the subclass of property that encompasses measurable characteristics that require additional instrumentation to measure them. They cannot be established from responses to the enviropnment alone. All of the "properties" used in analysis with differential equations fall into this category.

EXAMPLE    Responses of an element like mass, power consumption, mean time between failure, etc. are critically important and appear in requirements. They are not measured by responses to excitation from their environment.

3.5.51
physical property requirement

states a physical property that shall be exhibited by the system or system asseembly to which it is assigned

3.5.52
port

a connection point on a part in the part decomposition hierarchy

NOTE    Systems interconnect with one another port-to-port. Ports couple to desired things in the environment and also to the ports of things that cause failure, threaten security or safety. The alias for port is interface connection, this is the term that is used in AP239.

NOTE    When a system interacts with its environment, the boundary between the system and the environment is the collection of all interacting ports.

EXAMPLE    Consider a ultrasonic transmitting transducer coupled to a water tank and a receiver transducer coupled to the tank. The transmitter port connects to a water port and couples sound energy into the water. The intensity at any point is a result of the impedance match between the two ports, the radiation pattern of the transducer, and the attenuation and dispersion in the water. The receiving transducer is attached to another port of the water. The received signal is dependant on the relative impedance of the two ports, the sound distribution in the water, and the radiation pattern of the receiving transducer. This example is often oversimplified as "broadcast" neglecting the port to port conditions and the properties of the medium and neglecting the ports.

3.5.53
probability

a set of numbers, of sum equal to 1.0, that can be assigned to the several exit paths of an "or out" to establish the relative frequenty that each path is taken

3.5.54
property

any named measurable or observable attribute, quality or characteristic of an element

NOTE    Property is usefully decomposed into several categories ??? the measurable characteristics in normal use, the measurable characteristics that require additional instrumentation for measurement, and the observable characteristics. It is a systems engineering best practice to separate behavior from structure (function from form) and to allocate behavior to structure based on trade studies among alternatives.

EXAMPLE    The acceleration of a car is in the first category. behavior. This characteristic can be observed in the normal operation of the car. The weight of the car is not directly observable in the use of the car. It requires that the car be placed on a scale to record the measurable characteristic. The fact that a car has four wheels, a steering wheel on either the left or the right side, and a sun roof are observable characteristics.

3.5.55
property value

a numeric value assigned to a physical property

NOTE    Numeric values, real numbers, can be given as a mean and variance, a probability distribution of values or as a histogram. Many probability distributions are used in systems engineering. These may include: normal, log-normal, Bernoulli, beta, binomial, negative binomial, chi squared, discrete uniformed, erlang, exponential, F, gamma, geometric, laplace, poisson, T, triangular, uniform, weibull.

EXAMPLE    Property values are useful in making comparisons and decisions, in verification, and in validation. Comparisons and decisions can only be made if there are both mean values and variances available. Mean values alone are insufficient.

3.5.56
queue

a storage entity on a function port that accumulate input/output until needed by the function

NOTE    Triggering input/output is stored in a "first in first out" queue so that the earliest trigger received activates the function. Non-triggering input/output is stored in a "last in first out" queue so that the most recent input is used by the function to ensure the input is fresh.

3.5.57
realization view

a partial view of the system that captures only information relating to realized things that may have lot numbers or serial numbers

NOTE    Several different realization hierarchies can exist for different purposes. The hierarchy appropriate for manufacturing may conatin more elemnts than the one for maintenance because that discipline emphasizes line replaceable units.

EXAMPLE    This definition corresponds to the SC4 convention of saeparately representing design and realization. SC4 uses Product_as_realized to represent realized things.

3.5.58
reference document

a statement of the document source of information concerning an element or a property of an element, including the tensor characteristics, units, values, value probability distribution, or symmetry

3.5.59
reference requirement

states a reference to a source of additional requirements that shall be met by the system or part

NOTE    The referenced source may be a requirements document, government requirements for safety, security, environmental quality, etc., or a state or federal law

3.5.60
reference source

any requirements document, government regulation or law that contains applicable requirement

3.5.61
regular function port

a function port that accepts input/output that does not trigger the function

NOTE    The constructs regular function port and control function port allow input/output to trigger some function but not others.

3.5.62
regularization function

an analytic expression that combines effectiveness measures with weights to produce a single number for the goodness of a design option

NOTE    This corresponds to the regularization function used in optimal control design and in statistical optimization of processes.

3.5.63
replicate

an ordering_operation that replicates a function used many times

NOTE    Especially useful for distributed systems in which a particular function is realized in many places

3.5.64
required budgeted property value

a property value allocated to a part by a requirement, or budgeted to that part by analysis

NOTE    Values that shall be met are stated in requirements. The laws of science and engineering interrelate the values of properties and are used to calculate the values appropriate for the parts based on the required value for the whole.

EXAMPLE    A requirement may state that a space probe shall weigh no more than 150 pounds. In that case the masses of the subsystems must add up to no more than 150 pounds. It is best practice to budget values to the subsystems for guidance of the engineers working on the subsystems.

3.5.65
resource

the amount of input available to a function or the amount of output available from it; or, the amount of property of a system available to a function

EXAMPLE    There exists some number of missiles available to a missile battery available for the function "Shoot".

EXAMPLE    The function "transmit message" may be allocated to a satellite system, a fiber optic line, a microwave link, etc. Each of these alternatives has some value of the property "bandwidth" that may be used by the function.

3.5.66
risk

likelihood and impact of failure to meet any technical or development program goal

3.5.67
run rules

the activation rules that establish how the function executes

3.5.68
script

an executable textual language statement assigned to a function to define how that function executes

3.5.69
sequence

an ordering operator that establishes sequence among functions

3.5.70
stakeholder

people, organizations and institutions that are a part of the system environment because the system provides some benefit to them and they have an interest in the system

NOTE    Stakeholders include; for example, the producers, owners, operators, users, and maintainers of the system.

3.5.71
stakeholder need

the benefits that the stakeholders wish to be satisfied by or delivered by the system when it is implemented and functioning

NOTE    At the top level of development these needs drive the requirements for the system and the optimization criteria for its development.

3.5.72
start rules

the activation rules that establish when a function begins to execute

3.5.73
structure

the decomposition, interconnection and other static relationship among the parts of the system

NOTE    Physical properties are budgeted to structure using analysis methods, and the emergent performance is calculated using the same methods. Behavior is allocated to the structure. Form and function are separated conceptually so that the design can be optimized by considering several different structures that can provide the desired emergent behavior and properties.

EXAMPLE    In a real example of optimization the engineer examines not just the maximum or minimum, but looks at the trend in data in that region to be sure the solution is robust. That is, the design solution must not degrade rapidly with small variances in the variables of design.

3.5.74
system

an element with a well defined boundary with respect to all other elements, outside of it and in the domain of interest, with which it interacts

NOTE    A system is composed of interacting systems. The emergent behaviors and properties of a system are the result of the properties and behaviors of the sub-systems and their interactions. These interactions may be highly nonlinear.

NOTE    Systems decompose hierarchically; they are systems of systems.

EXAMPLE    A car has a well defined boundary with respect to its environment, and the relationships are both static and dynamic. Similarly the engine has the same kinds of relationships and so does the fuel injector of the engine.

3.5.75
system breakdown

a particular collection of system and other entities collected for a particular engineering purpose

NOTE    These collections allow an engineer to examine subsystems for special purposes, picking those elements needed from the prototypical system, design and realization views.

EXAMPLE    An engineer may wish to study the cooling system of a car engine and require a collection of entities distributed through the prototypical design or realization hierarchies.

3.5.76
system requirement

a statement of properties that a system shall exhibit or shall not exhibit when completed

NOTE    Requirements are derived from requirements in a many-to-many relationship.

3.5.77
system view

a collection of elements and related information about the system that are useful and defined for a particular purpose in a particular context

NOTE    Engineers involved in specification, design, manufacturing and maintenance need a particular collection of information to do their work. An engineer working on the cooling system of an engine needs information about a particular set of parts, behaviors and properties that are particular to that engineering problem. The set of possibly useful system views is very large.

3.5.78
target budget property value

a temporary property value used by a designer as the design work proceeds and different design alternatives are considered

NOTE    As a designer considers several alternatives to meet ysystem requirements, it is necessary to carry along temporary property values to accomplish the design work.

EXAMPLE    A designer may have been budgeted 40 pounds for his subsystem. He may find a design solution that weighs 38 pounds. In the design process he may consider alternatives that turn out to weigh 36 , 38, 41, and 43 pounds. These are temporary targets. When he examines other budgets he must meet for the subsystem, the designer may conclude that the 38 pound alternative is the best found.

3.5.79
terminate rules

the activation rules that establish the conditions under which a function ceases to execute

3.5.80
timing

a time interval assigned to a function that defines the duration of activity of the function or the probability distribution for the duration

NOTE    Many probability distributions are used in systems engineering. These may include: normal, log-normal, Bernoulli, beta, binomial, negative binomial, chi squared, discrete uniformed, erlang, exponential, F, gamma, geometric, laplace, poisson, T, triangular, uniform, weibull.

3.5.81
unit

establishes the standard of measure against which the values of physical properties shall be stated

NOTE    Several different standards of units are in use around the world. It is essential to state the standard in use.

EXAMPLE    Failure is assured when different groups use different units without making the necesaary transformations.

3.5.82
validation event

occurrence (with date, performer and result) of a comparison of a requirement against the stakeholder needs

3.5.83
validation infrastructure

arrangement of requirement information and related infrastructure necessary to check the corresondance with stakeholder needs and market realities

3.5.84
validation plan

the schedule of tasks, inputs, outputs, goals, and resources, both personnel and infrastructure to perform the comparison of requirements against stakeholder Needs

3.5.85
validation procedure

describes the process used to compare a requirement against stakeholder needs

NOTE    This is a requirement on the development organization and not on the system.

NOTE    The procedures may include stakeholder and market surveys, and test marketing

3.5.86
validation requirement

statement of how a system requirement, design or instance shall be shown by the development organization to meet stakeholder seeds

NOTE    This is to confirm that the requirements are suitable for the marketplace.

EXAMPLE    Proctor and Gamble recently acquired an electric toothbrush product, SpinBrush, from four cleveland area entrepreneurs. Out of a panel of twenty four consumers, twenty three raved about the product. Sales have been sufficient to boost Proctor and Gamble to number 1 position in US oral care.

3.5.87
validation result

describes the result of the validation event

NOTE    Entire new product lines have been abandoned after completed development because of unsatisfactory consumer panel responses and unsatisfactory test marketing

3.5.88
verification configuration

arrangement of system and infrastructure necessary to perform the test, analysis, or inspection of a design or instance of a system

3.5.89
verification event

occurrence (with date, performer and result) of a comparison of a requirement against the test, analysis, or inspection results of a design or instance of a system

3.5.90
verification plan

the schedule of tasks, task durations, start times, end times, task inputs, task outputs, goals, and resources (both personnel and infrastructure) to perform the test, analysis, or inspection of a design or instance of a system

3.5.91
verification procedure

describes the process used to compare a requirement against the test, analysis, or inspection results of a design or instance of a system

EXAMPLE    For a complex digital system the procedure may require the application of a suite of test vectors to the digital system along with environmental tests involving temperature stress and vibration.

EXAMPLE    For a complex metal system the the procedure may require the application of several nondestructuve tests to ensure that there are no flaws preset that will cause failure

3.5.92
verification requirement

statement of how a system design or instance shall be shown by the development organization using test, analysis, inspection , demonstration, simulation, similarity, sampling, or other method to meet a requirement allocated to the system

NOTE    This is a requirement on the development organization and not on the system.

NOTE    This is performed to confirm that the deployed system will meet the requirements

3.5.93
verification result

describes the result of a verification event

EXAMPLE    For a complex digital system the procedure may require the application of a suite of test vectors to the digital system along with environmental tests involving temperature stress and vibration. The result describes the test coverage and the tests passed and failed

3.5.94
weight

relative importance of a particular effectriveness measure

NOTE    Weights are often expressed in a numerical form.

EXAMPLE    They fix the relative importance in trade off weight, thickness, and battery life. How many minutes of battery life are worth how many tenths of a pound in weight.

3.6 Abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply:

AAM application activity model
AP application protocol
ARM application reference model
MIM module interpreted model
PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement
URL uniform resource locator


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