Search by Occupation Results


Below are all 750 occupations sorted by Numeric change in total employment, 2008-2018.(Re-sort this report)

Detailed information about the variables displayed here are available in the technical documentation. Files containing this data are available for download at ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ep/ind-occ.matrix/.



OccupationEmployment
(in thousands)		Employment Change,
2008-2018		Percent
self-
employed,
2008		Job
openings
due to
growth and
replacement
needs,
2008-2018
(in thousands)		2008
Median
annual
wages
(Dollars)		Median
annual
wages
quartile*		Most
significant
source of
postsecondary
education or
training
20082018Number (in
thousands)		Percent
Total, all occupations150,931.7166,205.6 15,273.9 10.1 7.7 50,928.5 32,390- -
Registered nurses2,618.73,200.2 581.5 22.2 0.6 1,039.0 62,450VH Associate degree
Home health aides921.71,382.6 460.9 50.0 1.8 552.7 20,460VL Short-term on-the-job training
Customer service representatives2,252.42,651.9 399.5 17.7 0.4 1,108.4 29,860L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food2,701.73,096.0 394.3 14.6 0.1 967.2 16,430VL Short-term on-the-job training
Personal and home care aides817.21,193.0 375.8 46.0 7.5 477.8 19,180VL Short-term on-the-job training
Retail salespersons4,489.24,863.9 374.7 8.4 3.4 1,626.9 20,510VL Short-term on-the-job training
Office clerks, general3,024.43,383.1 358.7 11.9 0.4 770.9 25,320L Short-term on-the-job training
Accountants and auditors1,290.61,570.0 279.4 21.7 8.1 497.5 59,430VH Bachelor's degree
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants1,469.81,745.8 276.0 18.8 1.8 422.3 23,850L Postsecondary vocational award
Postsecondary teachers1,699.21,956.1 256.9 15.1 0.2 552.9 58,830VH Doctoral degree
Construction laborers1,248.71,504.6 255.9 20.5 21.3 339.4 28,520L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Elementary school teachers, except special education1,549.51,793.7 244.2 15.8 0.0 596.5 49,330H Bachelor's degree
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer1,798.42,031.3 232.9 13.0 8.3 554.6 37,270H Short-term on-the-job training
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers1,205.81,422.9 217.1 18.0 22.0 362.2 23,150L Short-term on-the-job training
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks2,063.82,276.2 212.4 10.3 6.3 460.4 32,510H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants1,594.41,798.8 204.4 12.8 1.3 419.2 40,030H Work experience in a related occupation
Management analysts746.9925.2 178.3 23.9 25.8 306.5 73,570VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Computer software engineers, applications514.8689.9 175.1 34.0 2.7 218.4 85,430VH Bachelor's degree
Receptionists and information clerks1,139.21,312.1 172.9 15.2 0.8 480.2 24,550L Short-term on-the-job training
Carpenters1,284.91,450.3 165.4 12.9 32.0 325.4 38,940H Long-term on-the-job training
Medical assistants483.6647.5 163.9 33.9 0.0 217.8 28,300L Moderate-term on-the-job training
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers1,457.21,617.5 160.3 11.0 1.4 489.0 45,790H Work experience in a related occupation
Network systems and data communications analysts292.0447.8 155.8 53.4 19.4 208.3 71,100VH Bachelor's degree
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses753.6909.2 155.6 20.7 1.2 391.3 39,030H Postsecondary vocational award
Security guards1,076.61,229.1 152.5 14.2 1.3 373.9 23,460L Short-term on-the-job training
Waiters and waitresses2,381.62,533.3 151.6 6.4 0.4 1,466.2 16,660VL Short-term on-the-job training
Maintenance and repair workers, general1,361.31,509.2 147.9 10.9 1.1 357.5 33,710H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Physicians and surgeons661.4805.5 144.1 21.8 11.7 260.5 Over 166,400VH First professional degree
Child care workers1,301.91,443.9 142.1 10.9 32.4 523.1 18,970VL Short-term on-the-job training
Teacher assistants1,312.71,447.6 134.9 10.3 0.2 412.7 22,200L Short-term on-the-job training
Stock clerks and order fillers1,858.81,993.3 134.4 7.2 0.3 562.6 20,800VL Short-term on-the-job training
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists630.7757.7 127.0 20.1 43.5 219.5 23,140L Postsecondary vocational award
Business operation specialists, all other1,091.11,217.0 125.9 11.5 0.6 368.3 59,920VH Bachelor's degree
Medical secretaries471.1596.6 125.5 26.6 1.4 189.0 29,680L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Cashiers, except gaming3,550.03,675.5 125.5 3.5 1.0 1,719.9 17,660VL Short-term on-the-job training
Computer software engineers, systems software394.8515.0 120.2 30.4 2.7 153.4 92,430VH Bachelor's degree
Teachers and instructors, all other749.7860.1 110.4 14.7 20.6 225.7 31,100L Bachelor's degree
Computer systems analysts532.2640.3 108.1 20.3 5.7 222.8 75,500VH Bachelor's degree
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers698.1805.3 107.3 15.4 19.0 242.2 58,140VH Work experience in a related occupation
Dental assistants295.3400.9 105.6 35.8 0.0 161.0 32,380L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners2,375.32,479.4 104.1 4.4 5.6 553.0 21,450VL Short-term on-the-job training
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education659.5760.6 101.2 15.3 0.0 251.1 49,700H Bachelor's degree
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products1,540.31,641.4 101.1 6.6 3.7 457.9 51,330H Work experience in a related occupation
Pharmacy technicians326.3426.0 99.8 30.6 0.2 182.0 27,710L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Lawyers759.2857.7 98.5 13.0 26.2 240.4 110,590VH First professional degree
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education1,087.71,184.1 96.3 8.9 0.0 412.4 51,180H Bachelor's degree
Construction managers551.0645.8 94.8 17.2 60.9 137.7 79,860VH Bachelor's degree
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive2,020.02,113.3 93.3 4.6 1.3 365.5 29,050L Moderate-term on-the-job training
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers1,685.51,773.9 88.4 5.3 30.6 450.1 35,310H Work experience in a related occupation
Preschool teachers, except special education457.2543.9 86.7 19.0 1.4 178.3 23,870L Postsecondary vocational award
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers308.2394.8 86.6 28.1 15.5 136.2 39,680H Postsecondary vocational award
Maids and housekeeping cleaners1,498.21,583.7 85.6 5.7 7.1 354.4 18,990VL Short-term on-the-job training
Clergy670.1755.2 85.1 12.7 0.1 217.7 41,730H Master's degree
Electricians694.9777.9 83.0 11.9 9.3 250.9 46,420H Long-term on-the-job training
Sales representatives, services, all other589.7671.6 81.9 13.9 3.7 228.1 49,430H Work experience in a related occupation
Self-enrichment education teachers253.6334.9 81.3 32.1 17.3 120.3 35,720H Work experience in a related occupation
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation260.2341.0 80.8 31.1 1.4 108.5 48,890H Long-term on-the-job training
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators528.8609.6 80.8 15.3 1.7 167.6 30,950L Short-term on-the-job training
Bill and account collectors411.0490.5 79.5 19.3 0.9 156.9 30,630L Short-term on-the-job training
Social and human service assistants352.0431.5 79.4 22.6 0.3 153.9 27,280L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Network and computer systems administrators339.5418.4 78.9 23.2 0.8 135.5 66,310VH Bachelor's degree
Computer support specialists565.7643.7 78.0 13.8 1.2 234.6 43,450H Associate degree
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors261.1337.9 76.8 29.4 9.2 123.8 29,210L Postsecondary vocational award
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters494.7570.5 75.8 15.3 12.3 175.5 45,640H Long-term on-the-job training
Paralegals and legal assistants263.8337.9 74.1 28.1 3.2 104.0 46,120H Associate degree
Cooks, restaurant914.2984.4 70.3 7.7 1.4 304.2 21,990L Long-term on-the-job training
Market research analysts249.8319.9 70.1 28.1 6.8 137.3 61,070VH Bachelor's degree
Civil engineers278.4345.9 67.6 24.3 4.3 114.6 74,600VH Bachelor's degree
Public relations specialists275.2341.3 66.2 24.0 4.5 131.3 51,280H Bachelor's degree
All other managers898.2964.0 65.8 7.3 57.1 297.5 90,230VH Work experience in a related occupation
Real estate sales agents394.4458.2 63.7 16.2 58.3 128.3 40,150H Postsecondary vocational award
Dental hygienists174.1237.0 62.9 36.1 0.1 98.4 66,570VH Associate degree
Personal financial advisors208.4271.2 62.8 30.1 29.3 85.3 69,050VH Bachelor's degree
Dishwashers522.9583.4 60.4 11.6 0.1 275.7 17,040VL Short-term on-the-job training
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists207.9265.9 58.0 27.9 1.6 112.3 45,470H Bachelor's degree
Fire fighters310.4367.9 57.5 18.5 0.2 152.8 44,260H Long-term on-the-job training
Police and sheriff's patrol officers661.5718.8 57.3 8.7 0.0 227.9 51,410H Long-term on-the-job training
Physical therapists185.5241.7 56.2 30.3 8.0 78.6 72,790VH Master's degree
Coaches and scouts225.7281.7 56.0 24.8 16.2 99.2 28,340L Long-term on-the-job training
Cost estimators217.8272.9 55.2 25.3 2.0 103.6 56,510VH Bachelor's degree
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers833.3888.5 55.1 6.6 3.2 134.4 28,970L Work experience in a related occupation
Sales managers346.9398.7 51.8 15.0 4.2 126.6 97,260VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Insurance sales agents434.8486.4 51.6 11.9 22.4 152.6 45,430H Postsecondary vocational award
Training and development specialists216.6267.1 50.5 23.3 1.6 107.1 51,450H Bachelor's degree
Financial analysts250.6300.3 49.6 19.8 4.6 95.2 73,150VH Bachelor's degree
Computer and information systems managers293.0342.5 49.5 16.9 3.3 97.1 112,210VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop525.4574.4 49.0 9.3 0.2 434.9 17,520VL Short-term on-the-job training
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators404.5453.2 48.7 12.0 3.4 118.2 39,270H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Legal secretaries262.6311.0 48.4 18.4 1.4 83.8 39,860H Associate degree
Recreation workers327.5375.7 48.2 14.7 9.0 107.2 21,960L Short-term on-the-job training
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other224.6271.9 47.2 21.0 1.6 105.9 55,710VH Bachelor's degree
Pharmacists269.9315.8 45.9 17.0 0.6 105.8 106,410VH First professional degree
Medical and health services managers283.5328.8 45.4 16.0 6.0 99.4 80,240VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school226.0270.3 44.3 19.6 0.2 102.9 50,020H Bachelor's degree
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists109.4153.6 44.2 40.4 2.5 66.2 72,590VH Doctoral degree
Correctional officers and jailers454.5497.5 42.9 9.4 0.0 143.6 38,380H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Cooks, fast food566.0608.4 42.4 7.5 1.4 187.2 16,880VL Short-term on-the-job training
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products432.9475.0 42.0 9.7 3.6 142.3 70,200VH Work experience in a related occupation
Truck drivers, light or delivery services984.51,025.9 41.4 4.2 8.2 217.5 27,610L Short-term on-the-job training
Financial managers539.3580.5 41.2 7.7 5.3 138.2 99,330VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products295.2336.1 40.9 13.9 1.4 118.6 53,940VH Long-term on-the-job training
Bartenders508.7549.5 40.8 8.0 1.1 222.0 17,770VL Short-term on-the-job training
Educational, vocational, and school counselors275.8314.4 38.6 14.0 5.8 94.4 51,050H Master's degree
Cooks, institution and cafeteria391.8429.7 37.9 9.7 1.4 138.1 22,210L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Food preparation workers891.9929.6 37.8 4.2 0.5 357.0 18,630VL Short-term on-the-job training
Tellers600.5638.0 37.5 6.2 0.1 284.4 23,610L Short-term on-the-job training
Radiologic technologists and technicians214.7251.7 37.0 17.2 0.8 68.0 52,210VH Associate degree
Graphic designers286.1323.1 36.9 12.9 26.3 124.8 42,400H Bachelor's degree
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan233.4269.9 36.4 15.6 0.6 92.1 28,140L Short-term on-the-job training
Child, family, and school social workers292.6328.7 36.1 12.3 2.2 109.6 39,530H Bachelor's degree
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs232.3268.4 36.1 15.5 26.3 77.3 21,550VL Short-term on-the-job training
Nonfarm animal caretakers173.3209.1 35.9 20.7 26.5 73.6 19,360VL Short-term on-the-job training
Automotive service technicians and mechanics763.7799.6 35.9 4.7 15.9 181.7 35,100H Postsecondary vocational award
Medical records and health information technicians172.5207.6 35.1 20.3 0.0 70.3 30,610L Associate degree
Amusement and recreation attendants263.0298.0 35.0 13.3 0.6 171.2 17,470VL Short-term on-the-job training
All other healthcare support workers200.6235.0 34.3 17.1 3.0 56.7 29,350L Short-term on-the-job training
Loan officers327.8360.9 33.0 10.1 3.7 68.8 54,700VH Moderate-term on-the-job training
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers213.2245.9 32.7 15.4 37.8 90.8 34,910H Work experience in a related occupation
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers217.9250.3 32.4 14.9 50.4 56.0 39,920H Work experience in a related occupation
Administrative services managers259.4291.7 32.3 12.5 0.2 86.6 73,520VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks230.2261.7 31.5 13.7 0.0 109.5 19,480VL Short-term on-the-job training
Instructional coordinators133.9165.0 31.1 23.2 2.9 60.6 56,880VH Master's degree
Medical and public health social workers138.7169.8 31.1 22.4 2.2 65.9 45,650H Bachelor's degree
Painters, construction and maintenance442.8473.6 30.9 7.0 45.0 106.5 32,960H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Industrial engineers214.8245.3 30.6 14.2 0.7 85.4 73,820VH Bachelor's degree
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents317.2346.7 29.6 9.3 15.4 126.8 68,680VH Bachelor's degree
Physician assistants74.8103.9 29.2 39.0 1.4 42.8 81,230VH Master's degree
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists121.9150.6 28.7 23.6 1.6 60.5 53,860VH Bachelor's degree
Veterinary technologists and technicians79.6108.1 28.5 35.8 0.2 48.5 28,900L Associate degree
Bus drivers, school453.6481.5 27.9 6.2 1.3 107.1 26,600L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Refuse and recyclable material collectors149.0176.7 27.8 18.6 11.8 71.1 31,050L Short-term on-the-job training
All other computer specialists209.3236.8 27.5 13.1 3.9 72.6 75,150VH Associate degree
Mental health counselors113.3140.4 27.2 24.0 6.1 50.1 36,810H Master's degree
Kindergarten teachers, except special education179.5206.5 27.0 15.0 1.6 63.0 47,100H Bachelor's degree
Mental health and substance abuse social workers137.3164.1 26.8 19.5 2.2 61.3 37,210H Master's degree
Occupational therapists104.5131.3 26.8 25.6 7.0 45.8 66,780VH Master's degree
Helpers-Electricians105.6131.6 26.0 24.7 2.1 48.0 26,390L Short-term on-the-job training
Cement masons and concrete finishers201.0226.8 25.9 12.9 4.7 76.4 35,080H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Property, real estate, and community association managers304.1329.7 25.6 8.4 45.9 78.0 46,130H Bachelor's degree
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians155.6180.7 25.0 16.1 0.2 54.6 35,380H Associate degree
Rehabilitation counselors129.5154.1 24.5 19.0 5.7 50.7 30,930L Master's degree
Database administrators120.4144.7 24.4 20.3 0.6 44.4 69,740VH Bachelor's degree
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers506.8531.2 24.4 4.8 45.6 129.5 68,100VH Work experience in a related occupation
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health85.9109.8 23.9 27.9 2.4 48.4 59,750VH Master's degree
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers420.7444.0 23.3 5.6 0.0 205.7 16,740VL Short-term on-the-job training
Surgical technologists91.5114.7 23.2 25.3 0.2 46.3 38,740H Postsecondary vocational award
Massage therapists122.4145.6 23.2 18.9 57.2 39.5 34,900H Postsecondary vocational award
Architects, except landscape and naval141.2164.2 22.9 16.2 21.2 46.8 70,320VH Bachelor's degree
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop350.7373.4 22.8 6.5 0.2 266.8 17,510VL Short-term on-the-job training
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators113.4135.9 22.5 19.8 0.0 46.9 38,430H Long-term on-the-job training
Writers and authors151.7174.1 22.5 14.8 69.4 54.2 53,070VH Bachelor's degree
Speech-language pathologists119.3141.4 22.1 18.5 9.0 43.8 62,930VH Master's degree
Respiratory therapists105.9128.1 22.1 20.9 0.0 41.4 52,200VH Associate degree
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders141.5163.5 21.9 15.5 1.4 46.1 31,280L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Marketing managers175.6197.5 21.9 12.5 4.1 59.7 108,580VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Physical therapist assistants63.885.0 21.2 33.3 1.3 30.5 46,140H Associate degree
Industrial machinery mechanics287.7308.6 20.9 7.3 2.2 62.4 43,670H Long-term on-the-job training
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators294.6315.5 20.9 7.1 1.6 95.6 55,760VH Long-term on-the-job training
Helpers-Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters80.3100.9 20.6 25.7 2.1 37.3 26,480L Short-term on-the-job training
Cargo and freight agents85.9106.5 20.6 23.9 0.3 40.3 37,270H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists172.4193.0 20.5 11.9 0.2 53.3 53,500VH Bachelor's degree
Drywall and ceiling tile installers151.3171.7 20.5 13.5 18.8 37.0 37,700H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists103.4123.3 19.9 19.3 0.3 41.8 45,910H Bachelor's degree
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school230.6250.4 19.8 8.6 4.7 88.8 83,880VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Veterinarians59.779.4 19.7 33.0 6.9 30.2 79,050VH First professional degree
Logisticians100.4120.0 19.6 19.6 0.0 41.9 66,480VH Bachelor's degree
Special education teachers, secondary school146.7166.2 19.5 13.3 0.2 57.5 51,340H Bachelor's degree
Food servers, nonrestaurant189.8209.1 19.3 10.2 0.3 51.8 19,380VL Short-term on-the-job training
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers448.5467.6 19.1 4.3 0.4 136.5 57,300VH Work experience in a related occupation
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics210.7229.7 19.0 9.0 0.4 62.0 29,330L Postsecondary vocational award
Detectives and criminal investigators112.2130.9 18.7 16.6 1.1 41.6 60,910VH Work experience in a related occupation
Helpers-Carpenters79.898.5 18.6 23.3 2.1 35.3 25,390L Short-term on-the-job training
Dentists, general120.2138.6 18.4 15.3 28.0 51.8 142,870VH First professional degree
Community and social service specialists, all other115.8134.0 18.2 15.7 0.3 42.7 37,670H Bachelor's degree
Special education teachers, middle school100.3118.4 18.1 18.1 0.2 44.1 50,810H Bachelor's degree
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors86.1104.2 18.1 21.0 6.0 35.5 37,030H Bachelor's degree
Food service managers338.7356.7 18.0 5.3 42.0 83.7 46,320H Work experience in a related occupation
Social and community service managers130.6148.6 18.0 13.8 3.1 48.2 55,980VH Bachelor's degree
Construction and building inspectors106.4124.2 17.9 16.8 7.5 39.7 50,180H Work experience in a related occupation
Education, training, and library workers, all other113.3131.2 17.9 15.8 2.8 42.9 35,510H Bachelor's degree
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers99.9117.7 17.8 17.8 0.0 38.4 33,670H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Driver/sales workers406.4424.1 17.7 4.4 8.2 90.4 22,260L Short-term on-the-job training
Photographers152.0169.5 17.5 11.5 60.1 48.0 29,440L Long-term on-the-job training
Gaming dealers91.1108.4 17.3 19.0 0.9 55.9 16,310VL Postsecondary vocational award
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers75.292.4 17.1 22.8 3.0 25.5 21,210VL Short-term on-the-job training
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists152.0168.8 16.8 11.1 34.1 59.9 64,140VH Doctoral degree
Physical therapist aides46.162.8 16.7 36.3 1.3 23.4 23,760L Short-term on-the-job training
Industrial truck and tractor operators610.3627.0 16.7 2.7 0.2 198.6 29,070L Short-term on-the-job training
Environmental engineers54.370.9 16.6 30.6 0.6 27.9 74,020VH Bachelor's degree
Security and fire alarm systems installers66.282.6 16.4 24.8 6.3 27.8 36,660H Postsecondary vocational award
Bus drivers, transit and intercity193.9209.9 16.0 8.3 1.2 49.9 33,940H Moderate-term on-the-job training
All other financial specialists150.6166.4 15.8 10.5 0.9 43.2 57,150VH Bachelor's degree
Surveying and mapping technicians77.092.7 15.7 20.4 5.6 29.4 35,120H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Brickmasons and blockmasons135.8151.5 15.6 11.5 27.3 50.0 45,630H Long-term on-the-job training
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other169.9185.5 15.6 9.2 17.4 41.8 34,240H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Civil engineering technicians91.7107.2 15.5 16.9 0.7 32.8 44,290H Associate degree
Personal care and service workers, all other108.5124.0 15.5 14.3 23.5 39.6 19,940VL Short-term on-the-job training
Healthcare technologists and technicians, all other81.897.1 15.3 18.7 5.7 32.0 37,950H Postsecondary vocational award
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists263.1278.0 14.9 5.7 5.9 75.3 39,390H Postsecondary vocational award
Skin care specialists38.853.5 14.7 37.9 31.9 20.3 28,730L Postsecondary vocational award
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers248.1262.7 14.6 5.9 0.0 64.9 56,230VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers106.1120.7 14.5 13.7 1.4 81.9 17,360VL Short-term on-the-job training
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors96.0110.4 14.5 15.1 20.4 29.2 46,310H Bachelor's degree
Mechanical engineers238.7253.1 14.4 6.0 2.3 75.7 74,920VH Bachelor's degree
Manicurists and pedicurists76.090.2 14.3 18.8 32.0 25.3 19,670VL Postsecondary vocational award
Musicians and singers186.4200.6 14.2 7.6 53.8 51.9 n.an.a. Long-term on-the-job training
Biological technicians79.593.5 14.0 17.6 0.3 41.9 38,400H Bachelor's degree
Interior designers71.785.6 13.9 19.4 26.7 35.9 44,950H Associate degree
Operations research analysts63.076.9 13.9 22.0 0.2 32.2 69,000VH Master's degree
Counter and rental clerks448.2461.9 13.7 3.1 0.9 133.5 20,900VL Short-term on-the-job training
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks168.3181.9 13.6 8.1 2.3 51.5 31,070L Short-term on-the-job training
Library assistants, clerical122.0135.5 13.5 11.1 0.0 64.2 22,630L Short-term on-the-job training
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers115.2128.2 12.9 11.2 0.2 90.8 18,450VL Short-term on-the-job training
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers251.1263.9 12.8 5.1 23.3 38.9 33,980H Work experience in a related occupation
Helpers-Installation, maintenance, and repair workers150.9163.5 12.6 8.3 0.6 85.0 23,830L Short-term on-the-job training
Librarians159.9172.4 12.5 7.8 0.3 54.5 52,530VH Master's degree
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders83.395.8 12.5 15.0 0.0 29.6 28,960L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Sales and related workers, all other162.2174.6 12.4 7.6 7.6 48.6 35,350H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Highway maintenance workers145.9158.3 12.4 8.5 2.6 52.0 34,000H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Protective service workers, all other87.7100.0 12.3 14.0 0.2 71.5 29,120L Short-term on-the-job training
All other engineers183.2195.4 12.2 6.7 6.4 50.2 88,570VH Bachelor's degree
Advertising sales agents166.8178.9 12.1 7.2 5.0 45.1 43,480H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Health educators66.278.2 12.0 18.2 0.3 26.0 44,000H Bachelor's degree
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters131.7143.7 11.9 9.1 12.6 41.6 28,980L Long-term on-the-job training
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians49.561.4 11.9 24.1 0.8 19.1 47,010H Associate degree
Tree trimmers and pruners45.056.8 11.8 26.3 22.7 17.2 29,970L Short-term on-the-job training
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines136.3148.1 11.8 8.7 5.8 37.7 42,820H Long-term on-the-job training
Medical transcriptionists105.2116.9 11.7 11.2 17.0 23.5 32,060L Postsecondary vocational award
Biomedical engineers16.027.6 11.6 72.0 3.3 14.9 77,400VH Bachelor's degree
Engineering managers184.0195.4 11.3 6.2 0.6 48.7 115,270VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Medical equipment repairers41.452.6 11.3 27.2 16.4 23.2 41,520H Associate degree
Interpreters and translators50.962.2 11.3 22.2 26.1 23.4 38,850H Long-term on-the-job training
Multi-media artists and animators79.090.2 11.2 14.2 60.1 28.9 56,330VH Bachelor's degree
Sheet metal workers170.7181.8 11.1 6.5 5.2 51.7 40,290H Long-term on-the-job training
Financial examiners27.038.1 11.1 41.2 0.0 16.0 70,930VH Bachelor's degree
Eligibility interviewers, government programs119.5130.5 11.0 9.2 0.0 38.8 39,310H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Credit analysts73.284.2 11.0 15.0 0.0 24.3 55,250VH Bachelor's degree
Tile and marble setters76.086.8 10.8 14.3 35.1 30.7 39,210H Long-term on-the-job training
Architectural and civil drafters118.4129.1 10.8 9.1 2.9 36.2 44,490H Postsecondary vocational award
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers169.6180.4 10.8 6.4 0.6 65.1 21,810L Short-term on-the-job training
Real estate brokers123.4134.0 10.6 8.6 58.3 30.8 57,500VH Work experience in a related occupation
Library technicians120.6131.2 10.6 8.8 0.0 64.7 28,820L Postsecondary vocational award
Pipelayers61.271.7 10.5 17.2 12.4 22.8 32,710H Short-term on-the-job training
Pest control workers67.577.8 10.3 15.3 7.3 34.0 29,890L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Directors, religious activities and education80.490.6 10.2 12.6 0.0 26.4 36,100H Bachelor's degree
Budget analysts67.277.4 10.1 15.1 0.0 22.3 65,320VH Bachelor's degree
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health35.045.2 10.1 28.9 1.7 25.2 40,230H Associate degree
Private detectives and investigators45.555.5 10.0 22.0 20.7 19.3 41,760H Work experience in a related occupation
Court, municipal, and license clerks122.1132.1 10.0 8.2 1.5 44.6 33,200H Short-term on-the-job training
Art directors84.294.0 9.8 11.7 60.2 28.7 76,980VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Producers and directors98.6108.3 9.7 9.8 20.1 40.4 64,430VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Animal trainers47.156.7 9.6 20.4 54.3 19.0 27,270L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Chiropractors49.158.7 9.6 19.5 44.5 18.2 66,490VH First professional degree
Vocational education teachers, secondary school99.4109.0 9.6 9.6 0.0 38.5 51,580VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents72.782.2 9.5 13.0 2.3 35.2 48,100H Bachelor's degree
Social workers, all other73.482.8 9.4 12.8 2.2 27.8 46,220H Bachelor's degree
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other59.068.4 9.4 15.9 0.7 29.1 43,630H Bachelor's degree
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic141.0150.3 9.3 6.6 0.0 36.9 33,330H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Diagnostic medical sonographers50.359.5 9.2 18.3 0.8 16.5 61,980VH Associate degree
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other44.153.3 9.2 20.9 0.6 32.1 19,540VL Moderate-term on-the-job training
Loan interviewers and clerks210.4219.4 9.1 4.3 1.0 60.9 32,470H Short-term on-the-job training
Funeral attendants34.543.6 9.1 26.2 2.5 25.5 22,110L Short-term on-the-job training
Technical writers48.957.8 8.9 18.2 2.0 16.8 61,620VH Bachelor's degree
Food batchmakers100.5109.2 8.8 8.7 1.7 32.9 24,170L Short-term on-the-job training
Meeting and convention planners56.665.4 8.8 15.6 5.9 21.4 44,260H Bachelor's degree
Structural iron and steel workers70.278.9 8.7 12.4 5.1 20.2 43,010H Long-term on-the-job training
Biochemists and biophysicists23.231.9 8.7 37.4 2.7 16.2 82,840VH Doctoral degree
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other64.773.3 8.6 13.3 1.6 36.4 40,050H Associate degree
Surveyors57.666.2 8.6 14.9 2.5 23.3 52,980VH Bachelor's degree
Optometrists34.843.2 8.5 24.4 24.6 20.1 96,320VH First professional degree
Helpers-Brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters50.859.1 8.3 16.4 2.2 18.9 27,440L Short-term on-the-job training
Flight attendants98.7106.7 8.0 8.1 0.0 30.1 35,930H Long-term on-the-job training
Opticians, dispensing59.867.8 8.0 13.4 1.2 20.2 32,810H Long-term on-the-job training
Occupational therapist assistants26.634.6 7.9 29.8 2.1 11.8 48,230H Associate degree
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives97.3105.2 7.8 8.1 0.0 50.5 75,490VH Work experience in a related occupation
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians121.5129.3 7.8 6.4 1.1 31.4 51,390H Postsecondary vocational award
Education administrators, all other31.438.9 7.5 23.9 4.4 16.9 71,630VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Social scientists and related workers, all other32.840.1 7.4 22.4 1.5 23.8 68,720VH Master's degree
Aerospace engineers71.679.1 7.4 10.4 3.3 22.3 92,520VH Bachelor's degree
Urban and regional planners38.445.7 7.3 19.0 0.0 14.7 59,810VH Master's degree
Demonstrators and product promoters102.8110.1 7.3 7.1 19.4 36.9 23,260L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Public relations managers56.764.1 7.3 12.9 0.0 20.6 89,430VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Commercial pilots39.246.5 7.3 18.5 12.0 20.6 65,340VH Postsecondary vocational award
Actors56.563.7 7.2 12.8 22.3 20.8 n.an.a. Long-term on-the-job training
Survey researchers23.430.5 7.1 30.4 6.7 13.4 36,220H Bachelor's degree
Computer and information scientists, research28.935.9 7.0 24.2 4.6 13.2 97,970VH Doctoral degree
Audio and video equipment technicians55.462.4 7.0 12.6 12.4 23.7 38,050H Postsecondary vocational award
Sales engineers78.084.9 6.9 8.8 0.0 35.0 83,100VH Bachelor's degree
Natural sciences managers44.651.5 6.9 15.5 0.0 20.1 112,800VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program58.965.8 6.9 11.8 4.2 24.6 39,940H Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators60.267.2 6.9 11.5 1.2 16.8 33,270H Moderate-term on-the-job training
All other entertainers and performers, sports and related workers58.265.1 6.8 11.8 38.2 20.8 n.an.a. Long-term on-the-job training
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand183.5190.2 6.7 3.6 0.8 38.5 41,970H Work experience in a related occupation
All other motor vehicle operators79.686.3 6.7 8.4 1.0 20.6 24,910L Short-term on-the-job training
All other first-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers55.662.3 6.7 12.0 7.8 26.8 43,570H Work experience in a related occupation
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers235.4242.0 6.6 2.8 5.9 47.6 19,010VL Moderate-term on-the-job training
Construction and related workers, all other59.766.3 6.6 11.1 8.5 26.6 32,550H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Crossing guards69.976.5 6.6 9.5 0.2 25.6 22,790L Short-term on-the-job training
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators75.782.1 6.5 8.6 15.9 28.5 35,200H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers76.883.3 6.4 8.4 0.0 32.5 111,680VH Bachelor's degree
Baggage porters and bellhops50.556.9 6.4 12.7 1.2 19.5 19,730VL Short-term on-the-job training
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other49.055.4 6.4 13.0 25.4 15.3 65,880VH Bachelor's degree
Environmental engineering technicians21.227.5 6.4 30.1 0.7 10.4 41,100H Associate degree
Dental laboratory technicians46.052.4 6.4 13.9 6.2 15.3 34,170H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Hazardous materials removal workers42.548.8 6.3 14.8 0.1 17.8 37,310H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Occupational health and safety specialists55.862.0 6.2 11.2 0.7 24.9 62,250VH Bachelor's degree
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners25.932.1 6.2 23.8 4.5 13.2 33,680H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Barbers53.559.7 6.2 11.6 80.6 14.0 24,050L Postsecondary vocational award
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing85.791.7 6.0 7.0 1.8 23.5 24,740L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Medical equipment preparers46.852.8 6.0 12.8 3.0 11.2 28,410L Short-term on-the-job training
All other assemblers and fabricators309.9316.0 6.0 1.9 1.4 75.8 27,820L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Athletic trainers16.322.4 6.0 37.0 0.7 11.5 39,640H Bachelor's degree
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers85.291.2 6.0 7.1 26.7 32.2 25,940L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Biological scientists, all other31.737.6 5.9 18.8 2.5 16.1 65,080VH Doctoral degree
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers33.639.4 5.9 17.5 2.4 15.4 79,160VH Master's degree
Insulation workers, mechanical29.835.5 5.8 19.4 1.5 15.5 37,340H Moderate-term on-the-job training
All other human resources managers63.168.9 5.8 9.2 0.6 19.3 96,130VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Parking lot attendants136.2141.9 5.7 4.2 0.7 54.7 18,790VL Short-term on-the-job training
Roofers148.9154.6 5.7 3.8 21.1 30.1 33,630H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels33.138.8 5.7 17.3 7.2 19.5 61,960VH Work experience in a related occupation
All other production workers282.0287.5 5.6 2.0 2.9 70.9 26,750L Moderate-term on-the-job training
All other related transportation workers44.349.9 5.6 12.7 1.8 21.5 33,000H Short-term on-the-job training
Dietitians and nutritionists60.365.8 5.6 9.2 8.8 25.7 50,590H Bachelor's degree
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers51.256.8 5.5 10.8 25.8 14.3 32,080L Postsecondary vocational award
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation30.836.3 5.4 17.7 23.4 9.1 29,770L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Legal support workers, all other48.153.4 5.3 11.1 13.7 12.4 50,250H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Music directors and composers53.659.0 5.3 10.0 36.2 16.2 41,270H Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Loan counselors32.437.6 5.3 16.3 3.4 8.8 37,470H Bachelor's degree
Landscape architects26.732.0 5.3 19.7 21.3 9.8 58,960VH Bachelor's degree
Law clerks37.742.9 5.2 13.9 14.0 10.8 37,130H Bachelor's degree
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians35.240.4 5.2 14.7 6.2 12.0 27,210L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Residential advisors56.962.0 5.2 9.1 0.0 25.3 23,410L Short-term on-the-job training
Locomotive engineers and operators51.156.2 5.1 9.9 0.0 21.6 46,880H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes22.727.8 5.1 22.4 45.8 10.1 62,940VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Electrical power-line installers and repairers113.9119.0 5.1 4.5 1.4 45.5 55,100VH Long-term on-the-job training
Tapers37.442.3 4.9 13.0 18.8 9.0 43,740H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Transportation inspectors26.931.9 4.9 18.4 4.2 11.3 55,250VH Work experience in a related occupation
Procurement clerks81.586.2 4.8 5.8 0.0 29.7 34,780H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Gaming supervisors40.945.7 4.8 11.8 36.6 14.1 45,500H Work experience in a related occupation
Industrial engineering technicians72.677.4 4.8 6.6 0.7 18.5 47,180H Associate degree
Fence erectors33.638.2 4.6 13.6 26.7 8.3 28,050L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tour guides and escorts38.442.9 4.5 11.7 15.1 20.6 23,270L Moderate-term on-the-job training
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers55.259.7 4.5 8.2 0.0 32.5 67,440VH Work experience in a related occupation
Counselors, all other33.437.8 4.4 13.1 5.9 11.1 39,930H Master's degree
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders40.845.1 4.3 10.6 0.1 7.7 36,690H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Production, planning, and expediting clerks283.5287.8 4.3 1.5 0.5 74.1 40,480H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall27.631.7 4.2 15.2 1.5 13.2 31,900L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Actuaries19.723.9 4.2 21.4 0.0 10.0 84,810VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Glaziers54.158.3 4.2 7.7 7.4 23.9 35,580H Long-term on-the-job training
Appraisers and assessors of real estate92.496.6 4.2 4.6 27.2 21.0 47,370H Associate degree
Radiation therapists15.219.4 4.1 27.1 0.0 6.9 72,910VH Associate degree
Slaughterers and meat packers98.4102.5 4.1 4.2 0.6 35.6 23,030L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers44.148.2 4.1 9.4 0.0 13.4 44,130H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Petroleum engineers21.925.9 4.0 18.4 0.4 8.6 108,020VH Bachelor's degree
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other76.680.6 4.0 5.2 0.7 18.5 56,850VH Associate degree
Commercial and industrial designers44.348.3 4.0 9.0 26.7 17.6 57,350VH Bachelor's degree
Court reporters21.525.4 3.9 18.3 14.0 7.1 49,710H Postsecondary vocational award
Marriage and family therapists27.331.3 3.9 14.5 5.9 9.5 44,590H Master's degree
Boilermakers20.224.0 3.8 18.8 0.0 8.1 52,260VH Long-term on-the-job training
Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers48.652.4 3.8 7.8 20.4 16.3 39,530H Work experience in a related occupation
Sailors and marine oilers32.936.7 3.8 11.7 0.0 17.9 34,390H Short-term on-the-job training
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers43.547.2 3.7 8.5 0.0 19.4 57,380VH Work experience in a related occupation
Therapists, all other32.235.9 3.7 11.5 58.7 10.2 50,700H Bachelor's degree
Social science research assistants21.024.7 3.7 17.8 1.5 12.7 35,650H Associate degree
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment348.9352.5 3.6 1.0 6.5 127.7 19,450VL Short-term on-the-job training
Psychiatric aides62.566.1 3.6 5.8 1.7 9.8 26,560L Short-term on-the-job training
Upholsterers52.756.3 3.6 6.8 28.2 6.9 29,000L Long-term on-the-job training
All other media and communication workers34.337.9 3.6 10.4 25.9 11.7 41,570H Long-term on-the-job training
Nuclear medicine technologists21.825.4 3.6 16.3 0.8 6.7 66,660VH Associate degree
Training and development managers30.434.0 3.6 11.9 0.6 10.1 87,700VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Funeral directors30.033.6 3.6 11.9 12.8 9.6 52,210VH Associate degree
Religious workers, all other28.331.8 3.5 12.5 2.5 8.1 27,660L Bachelor's degree
Dietetic technicians25.228.7 3.5 13.9 0.2 9.9 26,080L Postsecondary vocational award
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers27.731.1 3.5 12.6 0.0 8.0 39,890H Long-term on-the-job training
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders107.8111.3 3.5 3.3 5.7 31.8 28,400L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Compensation and benefits managers40.543.9 3.4 8.5 0.6 12.1 86,500VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Shampooers22.926.3 3.4 14.6 32.0 6.7 17,300VL Short-term on-the-job training
Maintenance workers, machinery75.478.8 3.4 4.6 1.5 15.1 36,790H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Air traffic controllers26.229.6 3.4 13.1 0.0 12.3 111,870VH Long-term on-the-job training
Recreational therapists23.326.7 3.4 14.6 0.1 11.6 38,370H Bachelor's degree
Painting, coating, and decorating workers32.736.0 3.3 10.2 5.7 11.9 24,070L Short-term on-the-job training
Cartographers and photogrammetrists12.315.6 3.3 26.8 2.5 6.4 51,180H Bachelor's degree
All other helpers, construction trades27.030.3 3.3 12.3 2.1 8.9 24,970L Short-term on-the-job training
Plasterers and stucco masons49.052.2 3.2 6.6 16.3 11.3 37,470H Long-term on-the-job training
Logging equipment operators41.744.9 3.2 7.7 31.1 14.4 31,580L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Audiologists12.816.0 3.2 25.0 1.3 5.8 62,030VH First professional degree
Grinding and polishing workers, hand40.143.2 3.1 7.6 1.4 9.9 25,710L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers43.846.9 3.1 7.0 7.7 17.7 29,930L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Film and video editors25.528.6 3.0 11.9 26.3 9.3 50,560H Bachelor's degree
All other physical scientists27.430.4 3.0 11.1 10.9 10.1 91,500VH Bachelor's degree
Forest and conservation technicians34.036.9 2.9 8.6 1.6 17.5 32,000L Associate degree
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment78.081.0 2.9 3.8 0.0 16.4 48,430H Postsecondary vocational award
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters21.724.6 2.9 13.3 0.0 7.7 20,750VL Short-term on-the-job training
Statisticians22.625.5 2.9 13.1 2.8 9.6 72,610VH Master's degree
Cooks, all other18.020.9 2.9 16.3 1.4 7.5 23,060L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Railroad conductors and yardmasters41.344.1 2.8 6.9 0.0 17.0 52,830VH Moderate-term on-the-job training
Lodging managers59.862.6 2.8 4.7 45.2 15.6 45,800H Work experience in a related occupation
Computer hardware engineers74.777.5 2.8 3.8 1.3 23.5 97,400VH Bachelor's degree
Stonemasons24.327.1 2.8 11.6 27.1 9.0 37,800H Long-term on-the-job training
Education administrators, postsecondary124.6127.4 2.8 2.3 3.9 40.1 80,670VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Museum Technicians and Conservators11.113.9 2.8 25.6 1.9 6.1 36,660H Bachelor's degree
Emergency management specialists12.815.6 2.8 21.7 0.6 5.6 50,460H Work experience in a related occupation
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers52.154.8 2.8 5.3 53.6 13.5 32,940H Postsecondary vocational award
Tax preparers95.898.6 2.8 2.9 28.9 18.5 29,420L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Concierges20.823.7 2.8 13.7 1.2 8.2 27,180L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Curators11.714.4 2.7 23.0 1.9 6.2 47,220H Master's degree
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay23.426.1 2.7 11.5 0.0 6.7 61,040VH Postsecondary vocational award
Locksmiths and safe repairers22.124.8 2.7 12.0 15.8 6.1 34,460H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Electrical engineers157.8160.5 2.7 1.7 1.6 38.9 82,160VH Bachelor's degree
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors25.728.3 2.6 10.3 0.7 9.2 72,490VH Bachelor's degree
All other media and communication equipment workers20.623.1 2.6 12.5 0.0 7.6 52,930VH Moderate-term on-the-job training
Forensic science technicians12.815.3 2.5 19.6 1.7 8.0 49,860H Bachelor's degree
Grounds maintenance workers, all other21.123.6 2.5 11.8 21.5 5.0 22,390L Short-term on-the-job training
Zoologists and wildlife biologists19.522.0 2.5 12.8 2.6 8.8 55,290VH Bachelor's degree
Physicists15.618.1 2.5 15.9 0.0 6.9 102,890VH Doctoral degree
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants18.520.9 2.4 13.2 0.6 12.0 19,720VL Short-term on-the-job training
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture26.328.8 2.4 9.2 26.2 8.9 41,670H Bachelor's degree
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators25.628.0 2.4 9.4 0.0 10.7 47,710H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Psychiatric technicians57.159.5 2.4 4.2 0.2 16.8 29,250L Postsecondary vocational award
Occupational therapist aides7.810.2 2.4 30.7 2.1 3.5 26,960L Short-term on-the-job training
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians22.224.5 2.3 10.3 1.7 6.2 22,410L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Elevator installers and repairers24.927.1 2.3 9.2 0.1 9.2 69,380VH Long-term on-the-job training
Psychologists, all other15.918.3 2.3 14.4 32.8 6.8 86,120VH Master's degree
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators15.517.8 2.3 14.8 0.0 6.5 44,220H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Materials engineers24.426.6 2.3 9.3 0.0 8.1 81,820VH Bachelor's degree
Parts salespersons227.5229.7 2.2 1.0 1.9 82.6 28,520L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Conservation scientists18.320.5 2.2 11.9 1.8 4.1 58,720VH Bachelor's degree
Food scientists and technologists13.415.6 2.2 16.3 12.5 6.9 59,520VH Bachelor's degree
Soil and plant Scientists13.916.1 2.2 15.5 12.3 7.0 58,390VH Bachelor's degree
Stationary engineers and boiler operators41.643.8 2.2 5.2 2.0 9.2 49,790H Long-term on-the-job training
Chemists84.386.4 2.1 2.5 0.3 30.0 66,230VH Bachelor's degree
All other life scientists13.115.2 2.1 16.3 2.5 4.8 61,450VH Bachelor's degree
Microbiologists16.918.9 2.1 12.2 2.6 7.5 64,350VH Doctoral degree
Agricultural inspectors16.618.7 2.1 12.8 0.0 5.5 41,170H Work experience in a related occupation
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators23.625.7 2.1 9.0 59.9 7.4 42,650H Long-term on-the-job training
Farm equipment mechanics31.233.4 2.1 6.9 6.0 8.1 31,860L Long-term on-the-job training
Gaming and sports book writers and runners16.218.3 2.1 13.2 0.9 9.0 19,690VL Short-term on-the-job training
Ship engineers11.513.6 2.1 18.6 0.0 7.0 60,690VH Work experience in a related occupation
Avionics technicians18.820.8 2.0 10.6 0.1 5.2 49,310H Postsecondary vocational award
Athletes and sports competitors16.518.4 1.9 11.8 17.7 5.1 40,480H Long-term on-the-job training
Agricultural and food science technicians21.923.8 1.9 8.8 1.8 9.6 33,990H Associate degree
Butchers and meat cutters129.1131.0 1.9 1.5 0.6 43.3 28,290L Long-term on-the-job training
Mechanical door repairers17.119.0 1.9 10.9 0.4 4.5 33,500H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Bicycle repairers10.112.0 1.9 19.3 5.2 4.0 23,200L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics29.431.3 1.9 6.4 13.0 8.0 28,920L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Nuclear engineers16.918.8 1.9 11.0 0.0 5.4 97,080VH Bachelor's degree
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks63.865.6 1.8 2.8 0.6 19.9 30,390L Short-term on-the-job training
Set and exhibit designers10.912.7 1.8 16.6 26.2 5.1 44,660H Bachelor's degree
Earth drillers, except oil and gas23.325.0 1.7 7.2 14.1 5.7 38,240H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Building cleaning workers, all other14.516.2 1.7 12.1 5.8 4.5 27,230L Short-term on-the-job training
Bailiffs20.221.9 1.7 8.4 0.0 6.2 37,820H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials15.917.6 1.7 10.4 17.0 4.7 23,730L Long-term on-the-job training
Artists and related workers, all other21.523.2 1.7 7.9 59.2 6.5 51,600VH Long-term on-the-job training
Anthropologists and archeologists5.87.4 1.6 28.1 1.5 4.5 53,910VH Master's degree
Gaming service workers, all other14.115.7 1.6 11.7 0.8 7.6 24,090L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Telecommunications line installers and repairers171.0172.6 1.6 0.9 2.1 27.9 48,090H Long-term on-the-job training
Motorcycle mechanics18.820.5 1.6 8.8 12.9 5.6 31,360L Long-term on-the-job training
Occupational health and safety technicians10.912.5 1.6 14.4 0.7 5.2 45,360H Associate degree
Orthodontists7.79.2 1.5 19.8 28.1 3.6 Over 166,400VH First professional degree
Rail car repairers23.124.6 1.5 6.5 5.6 5.9 44,680H Long-term on-the-job training
Food cooking machine operators and tenders39.340.8 1.5 3.8 0.0 12.8 22,880L Short-term on-the-job training
Medical appliance technicians13.915.4 1.5 10.9 6.2 4.2 34,460H Long-term on-the-job training
Hydrologists8.19.6 1.5 18.3 2.4 3.8 71,450VH Master's degree
Animal control workers16.117.5 1.5 9.1 0.0 5.8 30,310L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Designers, all other15.016.5 1.5 9.7 26.6 6.1 43,830H Bachelor's degree
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators9.911.3 1.4 14.0 0.0 3.2 50,660H Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Floor sanders and finishers12.213.6 1.4 11.3 35.1 4.6 32,050L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Subway and streetcar operators7.79.1 1.4 18.8 0.0 3.9 53,220VH Moderate-term on-the-job training
Atmospheric and space scientists9.410.8 1.4 14.7 0.0 3.3 81,290VH Bachelor's degree
Foresters11.512.9 1.4 12.1 1.8 2.6 53,750VH Bachelor's degree
Fire inspectors and investigators14.716.1 1.4 9.3 0.0 5.4 53,030VH Work experience in a related occupation
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic48.249.5 1.3 2.8 16.0 25.2 27,870L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Mathematical scientists, all other6.67.8 1.2 17.6 0.0 3.1 54,990VH Master's degree
Furniture finishers26.527.7 1.2 4.5 21.8 7.2 26,890L Long-term on-the-job training
Sound engineering technicians19.520.7 1.2 6.3 13.0 7.1 47,490H Postsecondary vocational award
Motorboat mechanics22.123.4 1.2 5.6 12.8 5.8 34,520H Long-term on-the-job training
Materials scientists9.710.9 1.2 12.0 0.3 4.4 80,230VH Bachelor's degree
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers23.724.9 1.2 5.1 2.1 9.4 35,280H Postsecondary vocational award
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers14.415.5 1.2 8.0 0.0 3.8 76,940VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Podiatrists12.213.3 1.1 9.0 19.1 3.2 113,560VH First professional degree
Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators9.310.4 1.1 11.7 1.3 3.0 28,850L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Airfield operations specialists8.19.2 1.1 13.0 0.0 3.8 41,360H Long-term on-the-job training
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers7.18.2 1.1 15.3 0.0 2.6 75,960VH Bachelor's degree
Home appliance repairers49.650.6 1.1 2.2 26.8 8.7 33,910H Long-term on-the-job training
Purchasing managers70.371.4 1.1 1.5 3.6 21.1 89,160VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Logging workers, all other8.09.1 1.1 13.5 31.1 3.2 33,190H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Sociologists4.96.0 1.1 21.9 0.0 2.0 68,570VH Master's degree
Forest and conservation workers12.914.0 1.1 8.5 1.2 4.5 22,850L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons6.77.7 1.0 15.3 28.1 2.9 Over 166,400VH First professional degree
Craft artists13.614.6 1.0 7.2 60.4 4.0 29,080L Long-term on-the-job training
Dentists, all other specialists6.97.9 1.0 14.7 27.1 2.9 137,970VH First professional degree
Public address system and other announcers12.313.3 1.0 8.2 33.2 4.5 27,420L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Nuclear power reactor operators5.06.0 1.0 18.9 0.0 2.7 73,320VH Long-term on-the-job training
Statistical assistants17.918.8 0.9 5.1 0.0 3.9 34,850H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Orthotists and prosthetists5.96.8 0.9 15.5 5.8 2.1 62,590VH Bachelor's degree
Dancers13.013.9 0.9 6.8 14.5 6.9 n.an.a. Long-term on-the-job training
Tire repairers and changers103.2104.0 0.9 0.9 5.1 22.3 22,460L Short-term on-the-job training
Recreational vehicle service technicians13.714.6 0.9 6.6 5.2 3.7 31,480L Long-term on-the-job training
Choreographers16.217.0 0.9 5.3 14.2 8.3 38,520H Work experience in a related occupation
Economists14.615.5 0.9 5.8 7.9 5.0 83,590VH Master's degree
Political scientists4.14.9 0.8 19.5 1.4 2.8 104,130VH Master's degree
All other woodworkers23.324.0 0.8 3.3 51.2 6.0 24,080L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood52.653.4 0.8 1.4 5.5 10.2 25,820L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Traffic technicians7.48.2 0.8 10.4 1.7 3.4 39,530H Short-term on-the-job training
Animal breeders14.715.5 0.8 5.8 60.2 4.8 27,090L Work experience in a related occupation
Automotive body and related repairers166.4167.2 0.8 0.5 12.9 43.8 37,040H Long-term on-the-job training
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks253.8254.4 0.7 0.3 0.9 33.8 33,100H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Audio-visual collections specialists6.87.5 0.7 10.3 2.9 2.2 43,390H Bachelor's degree
Epidemiologists4.85.5 0.7 15.1 2.5 1.7 61,360VH Master's degree
Mathematicians2.93.6 0.7 22.5 0.0 1.5 95,150VH Doctoral degree
Photographic process workers21.722.4 0.7 3.1 4.6 6.0 26,010L Short-term on-the-job training
Terrazzo workers and finishers5.66.3 0.7 12.7 4.7 2.1 35,880H Long-term on-the-job training
Fish and game wardens8.39.0 0.7 8.3 0.0 2.7 48,930H Associate degree
Broadcast technicians38.839.4 0.7 1.8 13.2 12.4 32,900H Associate degree
Gaming managers6.26.9 0.7 11.8 38.6 2.0 68,290VH Work experience in a related occupation
Slot key persons24.425.1 0.7 2.8 36.2 6.2 25,460L Postsecondary vocational award
Costume attendants5.15.8 0.7 13.8 0.6 3.3 26,250L Short-term on-the-job training
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment16.116.7 0.7 4.1 0.0 3.4 44,450H Postsecondary vocational award
Pile-driver operators4.65.2 0.6 13.1 0.0 1.4 47,850H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Industrial-organizational psychologists2.32.9 0.6 26.3 33.6 1.3 77,010VH Master's degree
Millwrights45.245.9 0.6 1.4 0.0 9.8 47,570H Long-term on-the-job training
Nuclear technicians6.47.0 0.6 9.2 0.0 2.8 67,890VH Associate degree
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance2.83.3 0.5 16.9 32.1 0.9 26,270L Postsecondary vocational award
Vocational education teachers, middle school15.616.1 0.5 3.2 0.0 4.1 47,870H Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Drafters, all other21.221.7 0.5 2.3 2.9 5.1 44,930H Postsecondary vocational award
Legislators67.668.1 0.5 0.7 0.0 19.7 16,920VL Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Animal scientists3.74.2 0.5 13.2 11.9 1.8 56,030VH Doctoral degree
Marine engineers and naval architects8.59.0 0.5 5.8 14.9 2.3 74,140VH Bachelor's degree
Historians4.14.5 0.5 11.5 1.5 2.5 54,530VH Master's degree
Manufactured building and mobile home installers10.310.9 0.5 5.2 19.7 1.2 28,250L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Automotive glass installers and repairers19.519.9 0.4 1.8 7.5 4.4 32,110L Long-term on-the-job training
Models2.22.6 0.4 16.0 17.7 1.0 27,410L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Bridge and lock tenders4.75.1 0.4 8.5 0.0 2.1 40,640H Short-term on-the-job training
All other precision instrument and equipment repairers15.916.3 0.4 2.5 16.2 5.0 48,970H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors4.95.3 0.4 7.2 0.8 1.2 39,990H Work experience in a related occupation
Embalmers8.58.9 0.4 5.2 2.5 4.5 38,100H Postsecondary vocational award
Electronics engineers, except computer143.7144.1 0.4 0.3 1.6 33.4 86,370VH Bachelor's degree
Team assemblers1,112.31,112.7 0.4 0.0 1.4 250.9 25,620L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Mine cutting and channeling machine operators9.49.8 0.4 4.5 0.3 2.0 41,480H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Archivists6.36.7 0.4 6.5 1.7 2.3 45,020H Master's degree
Painters, transportation equipment52.252.6 0.4 0.8 5.8 14.1 37,150H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Bakers151.6151.9 0.3 0.2 7.6 39.2 23,290L Long-term on-the-job training
Geographers1.31.6 0.3 26.2 1.5 1.0 66,600VH Master's degree
Agricultural engineers2.73.0 0.3 12.1 0.0 0.9 68,730VH Bachelor's degree
Electrical and electronics drafters33.633.9 0.3 0.8 2.9 7.5 51,320H Postsecondary vocational award
Broadcast news analysts7.78.0 0.3 4.1 19.3 2.4 51,260H Bachelor's degree
Motorboat operators3.74.0 0.3 8.1 7.1 1.8 31,910L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists1.82.0 0.2 8.4 0.0 0.7 31,380L Work experience in a related occupation
Cooks, private household4.95.1 0.2 4.3 0.3 1.5 24,070L Long-term on-the-job training
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters6.36.5 0.2 4.0 0.0 1.3 41,960H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Chefs and head cooks108.3108.5 0.2 0.2 7.6 10.8 38,770H Work experience in a related occupation
Transit and railroad police4.34.5 0.2 5.3 6.6 1.2 46,670H Long-term on-the-job training
Farm and home management advisors13.113.2 0.2 1.2 2.6 3.0 41,530H Bachelor's degree
Dredge operators2.22.4 0.2 7.0 15.7 0.8 34,740H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Rail transportation workers, all other4.85.0 0.2 4.2 0.0 1.8 43,930H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Astronomers1.51.7 0.2 16.0 0.0 0.7 101,300VH Doctoral degree
Aerospace engineering and operations technicians8.78.9 0.2 2.3 0.7 1.8 55,040VH Associate degree
Fashion designers22.722.9 0.2 0.8 26.8 7.2 61,160VH Associate degree
Geological and petroleum technicians15.215.4 0.2 1.5 0.0 5.5 53,360VH Associate degree
Travel guides5.65.7 0.1 1.7 14.7 2.4 30,360L Moderate-term on-the-job training
New accounts clerks87.387.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 24.9 30,230L Work experience in a related occupation
Insurance appraisers, auto damage11.711.7 0.1 0.5 1.6 3.0 53,440VH Postsecondary vocational award
Signal and track switch repairers6.86.9 0.1 1.2 0.0 1.1 49,700H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Radio operators1.01.1 0.1 9.0 12.3 0.4 37,120H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Prosthodontists0.50.7 0.1 27.7 27.9 0.3 Over 166,400VH First professional degree
Segmental pavers1.21.3 0.1 7.1 8.7 0.5 27,400L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Mathematical technicians1.21.3 0.1 8.5 0.0 0.5 38,400H Associate degree
Graders and sorters, agricultural products33.433.5 0.1 0.2 0.8 6.9 18,850VL Work experience in a related occupation
Motion picture projectionists10.810.9 0.1 0.6 8.8 4.7 19,680VL Short-term on-the-job training
Cooks, short order171.4171.5 0.1 0.1 1.4 43.9 19,260VL Short-term on-the-job training
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders18.118.2 0.1 0.3 3.7 5.3 26,640L Short-term on-the-job training
Commercial divers2.42.5 0.1 5.8 0.0 0.5 46,340H Postsecondary vocational award
Parking enforcement workers10.010.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 2.4 32,390H Short-term on-the-job training
All other mining machine operators4.74.7 0.0 -0.4 0.3 0.8 42,890H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Musical instrument repairers and tuners6.16.1 0.0 0.1 17.2 1.8 33,080H Long-term on-the-job training
Etchers and engravers12.012.0 0.0 0.0 12.1 0.7 27,500L Long-term on-the-job training
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles19.719.7 0.0 0.2 0.4 3.4 27,640L Postsecondary vocational award
Model makers, wood1.71.7 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.4 31,320L Long-term on-the-job training
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders9.99.9 0.0 -0.4 0.0 2.0 25,060L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Riggers13.513.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 2.1 41,130H Short-term on-the-job training
Rock splitters, quarry4.44.3 -0.1 -1.7 4.8 0.8 27,900L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Log graders and scalers5.55.4 -0.1 -1.8 31.5 1.5 32,520H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Shuttle car operators3.13.0 -0.1 -4.0 0.0 0.9 42,200H Short-term on-the-job training
Patternmakers, wood1.91.8 -0.1 -3.2 0.0 0.4 34,010H Long-term on-the-job training
Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators2.72.6 -0.1 -4.4 1.4 0.6 28,550L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products14.114.0 -0.2 -1.1 8.5 3.1 49,670H Long-term on-the-job training
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons2.52.3 -0.2 -6.5 2.3 0.4 41,150H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Power distributors and dispatchers10.09.8 -0.2 -2.2 0.0 3.5 65,890VH Long-term on-the-job training
Hoist and winch operators2.82.6 -0.2 -8.0 1.5 0.8 36,400H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles21.221.0 -0.2 -1.0 35.0 5.5 36,410H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Respiratory therapy technicians16.516.4 -0.2 -1.1 0.2 4.2 42,430H Postsecondary vocational award
Radio mechanics5.75.5 -0.2 -4.0 4.0 1.0 40,260H Postsecondary vocational award
Fallers11.010.7 -0.3 -2.9 31.1 3.0 30,490L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Loading machine operators, underground mining4.44.1 -0.3 -7.4 15.3 1.3 42,720H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Helpers-Production workers484.0483.7 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 84.6 21,790L Short-term on-the-job training
Fabric menders, except garment1.10.8 -0.3 -29.8 17.9 0.2 28,470L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Roof bolters, mining5.14.8 -0.3 -5.7 0.0 0.9 45,210H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Patternmakers, metal and plastic7.06.6 -0.4 -5.7 12.8 0.4 36,920H Long-term on-the-job training
All other communications equipment operators3.63.2 -0.4 -12.2 2.3 0.8 35,050H Short-term on-the-job training
Couriers and messengers122.4122.0 -0.4 -0.3 18.3 28.1 23,330L Short-term on-the-job training
Structural metal fabricators and fitters114.1113.7 -0.4 -0.4 3.9 24.0 32,400H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Watch repairers3.22.8 -0.4 -13.8 16.9 0.9 34,660H Long-term on-the-job training
Editors129.6129.2 -0.4 -0.3 12.1 33.9 49,990H Bachelor's degree
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers69.569.0 -0.5 -0.7 14.4 10.3 38,300H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Chemical technicians66.165.5 -0.5 -0.8 0.0 13.3 42,120H Associate degree
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers203.1202.6 -0.5 -0.2 4.0 35.6 55,600VH Postsecondary vocational award
Continuous mining machine operators11.210.6 -0.6 -5.5 0.3 1.9 45,940H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders18.017.4 -0.6 -3.5 0.0 3.7 23,980L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Extraction workers, all other8.47.8 -0.6 -7.3 4.6 1.4 38,450H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Model makers, metal and plastic10.19.5 -0.6 -5.9 12.8 0.6 40,670H Long-term on-the-job training
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door44.543.9 -0.6 -1.3 0.4 6.8 47,040H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Power plant operators35.434.8 -0.6 -1.6 0.0 12.2 58,470VH Long-term on-the-job training
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders41.240.6 -0.6 -1.4 1.4 7.0 29,910L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Chemical engineers31.731.0 -0.6 -2.1 1.3 7.8 84,680VH Bachelor's degree
Carpet installers51.150.5 -0.6 -1.1 35.0 13.3 37,030H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Gas plant operators14.914.3 -0.6 -4.2 0.7 3.4 55,760VH Long-term on-the-job training
All other plant and system operators12.712.1 -0.6 -4.7 0.7 2.9 48,620H Long-term on-the-job training
Camera and photographic equipment repairers4.63.9 -0.7 -15.4 16.4 1.3 34,300H Long-term on-the-job training
Mechanical engineering technicians46.145.5 -0.7 -1.5 0.7 8.7 48,130H Associate degree
Bookbinders6.15.4 -0.7 -12.1 1.8 0.9 31,040L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Helpers-Painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons19.418.7 -0.7 -3.4 2.1 4.0 23,360L Short-term on-the-job training
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates26.926.2 -0.7 -2.6 0.0 5.0 110,220VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Electro-mechanical technicians16.415.6 -0.8 -4.9 0.7 3.1 46,310H Associate degree
Telephone operators22.721.9 -0.8 -3.6 0.0 3.9 31,670L Short-term on-the-job training
Advertising and promotions managers44.643.9 -0.8 -1.7 16.6 10.5 80,220VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Mechanical drafters78.777.8 -0.9 -1.1 2.9 16.9 46,640H Postsecondary vocational award
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders12.011.2 -0.9 -7.4 0.0 3.5 37,730H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators4.33.4 -0.9 -20.6 0.6 1.2 44,610H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other50.950.0 -0.9 -1.7 0.0 25.6 19,530VL Short-term on-the-job training
Sewers, hand12.211.2 -1.0 -8.2 43.4 1.3 22,010L Short-term on-the-job training
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic8.37.3 -1.0 -11.6 0.0 1.6 34,920H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Material moving workers, all other41.040.0 -1.0 -2.4 0.0 4.7 32,620H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Proofreaders and copy markers18.217.1 -1.1 -6.1 14.5 3.0 30,490L Short-term on-the-job training
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers54.653.6 -1.1 -2.0 43.5 5.8 24,990L Long-term on-the-job training
Paperhangers7.46.3 -1.1 -14.5 39.8 0.1 34,860H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Travel agents105.3104.1 -1.2 -1.1 16.6 7.9 30,570L Postsecondary vocational award
Shoe and leather workers and repairers9.27.9 -1.3 -14.3 12.3 1.1 22,880L Long-term on-the-job training
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators30.328.9 -1.4 -4.6 1.4 6.8 28,030L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners18.817.4 -1.4 -7.5 14.0 5.8 31,970L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Pourers and casters, metal15.113.6 -1.5 -9.7 0.0 2.9 32,570H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders19.117.4 -1.6 -8.6 0.0 3.7 36,350H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Shoe machine operators and tenders4.83.1 -1.7 -34.8 0.0 0.5 25,090L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders24.522.8 -1.7 -7.0 8.3 2.5 31,840L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Foundry mold and coremakers15.013.2 -1.8 -12.0 0.7 3.1 29,400L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Helpers-Roofers18.716.9 -1.8 -9.4 2.1 3.9 23,870L Short-term on-the-job training
Brokerage clerks67.665.8 -1.8 -2.6 0.3 19.2 38,710H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Service station attendants83.381.5 -1.8 -2.2 0.6 34.7 18,950VL Short-term on-the-job training
Gaming cage workers16.915.1 -1.8 -10.4 0.0 3.2 24,890L Short-term on-the-job training
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers9.77.8 -1.9 -19.6 0.6 2.8 39,130H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Floral designers76.174.2 -1.9 -2.5 27.1 23.4 23,230L Short-term on-the-job training
Correspondence clerks14.212.2 -1.9 -13.8 0.0 4.0 30,630L Short-term on-the-job training
Fabric and apparel patternmakers8.26.0 -2.2 -27.2 12.0 0.9 37,760H Long-term on-the-job training
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders19.817.5 -2.3 -11.4 3.2 4.8 27,510L Moderate-term on-the-job training
All other textile, apparel, and furnishings workers17.915.6 -2.3 -12.7 3.6 2.5 24,650L Short-term on-the-job training
Gaming change persons and booth cashiers22.320.0 -2.3 -10.4 1.0 10.0 21,980L Short-term on-the-job training
General and operations managers1,733.11,730.8 -2.3 -0.1 0.9 502.2 91,570VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders349.0346.7 -2.4 -0.7 0.0 58.5 24,400L Short-term on-the-job training
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic23.220.7 -2.5 -10.6 0.0 10.5 32,030L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Numerical tool and process control programmers16.814.2 -2.6 -15.4 0.0 3.3 44,310H Work experience in a related occupation
Fishers and related fishing workers35.632.9 -2.7 -7.7 55.5 9.2 27,950L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Crane and tower operators43.940.9 -3.0 -6.8 0.5 10.2 41,870H Long-term on-the-job training
Engine and other machine assemblers39.936.7 -3.2 -8.0 3.2 8.4 32,660H Short-term on-the-job training
Cutters and trimmers, hand24.221.0 -3.2 -13.1 0.8 5.2 23,670L Short-term on-the-job training
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products147.7144.4 -3.3 -2.2 11.4 37.0 48,710H Long-term on-the-job training
All other metal workers and plastic workers45.041.7 -3.3 -7.4 4.6 6.0 32,460H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Radio and television announcers55.151.7 -3.4 -6.1 33.3 15.5 26,940L Long-term on-the-job training
Job printers45.742.2 -3.5 -7.6 8.0 1.7 33,710H Long-term on-the-job training
Pharmacy aides54.951.5 -3.5 -6.3 3.1 6.1 20,100VL Short-term on-the-job training
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders75.271.6 -3.6 -4.8 0.8 16.1 28,800L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians164.0160.4 -3.6 -2.2 0.7 31.0 53,240VH Associate degree
Tire builders21.417.6 -3.8 -17.6 0.0 7.4 40,240H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Conveyor operators and tenders41.037.2 -3.8 -9.3 0.0 11.9 29,010L Short-term on-the-job training
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders54.150.3 -3.8 -7.1 5.6 16.6 31,610L Postsecondary vocational award
Postmasters and mail superintendents25.621.7 -3.9 -15.1 0.0 5.2 59,310VH Work experience in a related occupation
Postal service mail carriers343.3339.4 -3.9 -1.2 0.0 107.2 49,800H Short-term on-the-job training
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic26.222.0 -4.1 -15.8 1.1 5.1 33,270H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Insurance underwriters102.998.7 -4.3 -4.1 0.0 30.0 56,790VH Bachelor's degree
Reporters and correspondents61.656.9 -4.7 -7.6 19.3 16.9 34,850H Bachelor's degree
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic90.786.0 -4.7 -5.2 0.0 17.8 29,760L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers14.19.3 -4.8 -33.9 0.0 1.5 31,160L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic39.534.6 -4.9 -12.4 0.4 10.6 28,380L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance195.7190.7 -5.0 -2.6 2.0 40.3 33,850H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Helpers-Extraction workers26.221.2 -5.0 -19.2 0.0 4.5 32,730H Short-term on-the-job training
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers99.794.4 -5.2 -5.3 3.4 27.4 79,000VH Work experience in a related occupation
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic34.429.0 -5.3 -15.5 0.0 6.7 34,110H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Wellhead pumpers18.613.3 -5.3 -28.4 0.5 5.4 37,860H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic28.122.6 -5.5 -19.5 0.0 5.5 31,000L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials66.661.1 -5.5 -8.2 0.0 2.9 19,040VL Short-term on-the-job training
Chief executives400.4394.9 -5.5 -1.4 21.6 112.5 158,560VH Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers22.116.5 -5.6 -25.2 0.4 3.4 27,730L Short-term on-the-job training
Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining39.133.4 -5.7 -14.7 0.1 6.7 37,590H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Derrick operators, oil and gas25.019.3 -5.8 -23.0 0.1 4.3 41,920H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Desktop publishers26.420.4 -5.9 -22.5 0.0 4.4 36,600H Postsecondary vocational award
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders19.413.4 -6.0 -31.0 0.0 3.4 22,620L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Office machine operators, except computer79.973.8 -6.0 -7.6 0.0 26.5 25,780L Short-term on-the-job training
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas28.622.5 -6.2 -21.5 0.1 4.9 49,800H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Electromechanical equipment assemblers62.155.7 -6.4 -10.3 0.4 9.6 29,360L Short-term on-the-job training
Chemical equipment operators and tenders53.046.6 -6.4 -12.1 0.1 4.4 45,260H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic143.8137.4 -6.4 -4.4 0.7 29.8 27,390L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Tool and die makers84.377.6 -6.7 -8.0 0.3 5.1 46,430H Long-term on-the-job training
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers152.9146.2 -6.7 -4.4 19.8 26.3 37,810H Postsecondary vocational award
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers412.3405.6 -6.7 -1.6 5.6 126.3 33,560H Postsecondary vocational award
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers47.140.0 -7.1 -15.2 0.7 10.8 55,010VH Long-term on-the-job training
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders16.08.8 -7.2 -44.8 0.0 1.7 23,680L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Word processors and typists141.9133.9 -8.1 -5.7 5.9 11.0 31,390L Moderate-term on-the-job training
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle operators217.6209.5 -8.1 -3.7 0.8 37.7 51,320H Work experience in a related occupation
Roustabouts, oil and gas65.757.4 -8.2 -12.5 0.0 11.3 30,610L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic33.024.2 -8.9 -26.9 0.1 2.7 30,850L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Meter readers, utilities45.336.3 -9.1 -20.0 0.0 12.5 32,950H Short-term on-the-job training
Chemical plant and system operators45.135.8 -9.3 -20.6 0.7 10.4 52,480VH Long-term on-the-job training
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping71.962.4 -9.4 -13.1 0.0 25.1 26,940L Short-term on-the-job training
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping169.7160.0 -9.7 -5.7 0.1 48.1 35,750H Short-term on-the-job training
Semiconductor processors31.621.6 -10.0 -31.5 0.0 6.5 32,230L Postsecondary vocational award
Printing machine operators195.6185.0 -10.7 -5.5 2.6 41.0 32,170L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Prepress technicians and workers61.250.4 -10.8 -17.7 1.9 7.7 35,030H Postsecondary vocational award
Payroll and timekeeping clerks208.7197.7 -10.9 -5.3 1.2 49.5 34,810H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders29.217.7 -11.5 -39.3 1.0 1.9 25,400L Long-term on-the-job training
Industrial production managers156.1144.1 -11.9 -7.7 1.3 54.7 83,290VH Work experience in a related occupation
Bindery workers60.448.2 -12.1 -20.1 1.8 8.8 27,390L Short-term on-the-job training
Computer programmers426.7414.4 -12.3 -2.9 5.5 80.3 69,620VH Bachelor's degree
Photographic processing machine operators51.338.8 -12.5 -24.3 4.6 12.6 20,360VL Short-term on-the-job training
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic86.073.4 -12.6 -14.7 0.0 16.8 30,920L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Postal service clerks75.862.1 -13.7 -18.0 0.0 16.1 51,040H Short-term on-the-job training
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders34.920.7 -14.2 -40.7 0.0 5.8 23,970L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic92.777.9 -14.8 -15.9 2.4 13.6 29,460L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic55.740.8 -14.9 -26.7 0.0 9.1 32,940H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service141.4124.8 -16.6 -11.8 0.1 25.6 25,100L Short-term on-the-job training
Switchboard operators, including answering service155.2138.3 -16.9 -10.9 0.0 32.1 24,220L Short-term on-the-job training
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers464.7447.8 -16.9 -3.6 1.3 77.9 31,240L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Data entry keyers284.3266.9 -17.4 -6.1 2.4 59.2 26,120L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Miscellaneous agricultural workers807.0788.8 -18.2 -2.3 0.3 221.6 18,410VL Short-term on-the-job training
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand2,317.32,298.6 -18.7 -0.8 1.1 745.8 22,660L Short-term on-the-job training
Machinists421.5402.2 -19.3 -4.6 2.0 55.6 36,210H Long-term on-the-job training
Computer operators110.089.5 -20.5 -18.6 0.0 12.4 35,600H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders103.381.0 -22.2 -21.5 0.0 21.6 33,080H Moderate-term on-the-job training
Information and record clerks, all other226.9200.1 -26.7 -11.8 0.5 64.3 33,600H Short-term on-the-job training
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers181.6154.7 -26.9 -14.8 94.7 33.1 20,990VL Short-term on-the-job training
Machine feeders and offbearers140.6109.5 -31.2 -22.2 0.2 15.9 25,570L Short-term on-the-job training
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers213.3182.0 -31.3 -14.7 0.4 32.9 27,490L Short-term on-the-job training
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic236.8203.5 -33.3 -14.1 0.0 46.8 28,160L Moderate-term on-the-job training
Packers and packagers, hand758.8724.8 -34.0 -4.5 0.2 126.1 19,060VL Short-term on-the-job training
Office and administrative support workers, all other306.7271.0 -35.7 -11.6 6.6 70.4 29,320L Short-term on-the-job training
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers681.2645.5 -35.7 -5.2 4.6 91.9 50,440H Work experience in a related occupation
Telemarketers341.6303.8 -37.8 -11.1 0.5 85.9 21,960L Short-term on-the-job training
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks750.5701.2 -49.3 -6.6 0.0 186.2 27,660L Short-term on-the-job training
File clerks212.2162.6 -49.6 -23.4 1.7 51.6 23,800L Short-term on-the-job training
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators179.9125.3 -54.5 -30.3 0.0 16.6 50,020H Short-term on-the-job training
Order clerks245.7181.5 -64.2 -26.1 0.2 69.6 27,990L Short-term on-the-job training
Sewing machine operators212.4140.9 -71.5 -33.7 13.1 11.7 19,870VL Moderate-term on-the-job training
* VH = Very High;  H = High;  L = Low;  VL = Very Low;  n.a. = not available

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