Extropians Digest Tue, 22 Jun 93 Volume 93 : Issue 0347 Today's Topics: AIT VirtSem: Setting up the Virtual Seminar [2 msgs] BOOKS: Sci-fi [1 msgs] E-PRIME: Atlantic Monthly article [1 msgs] EVOLUTION/DIET: What proto-hominids ate [2 msgs] FORWARD: WACO: Tear Gas [1 msgs] FWD: Book Review [1 msgs] Forward: Clipper and Interactive Cable [1 msgs] META: "Branch Extropians" [1 msgs] SOC/CHAT: Appearances [1 msgs] SOC/CHAT: Appearances and Multiple Worlds [1 msgs] SPACE: New Face Found [1 msgs] Self-replication is easy [2 msgs] Administrivia: This is the digested version of the Extropian mailing list. Please remember that this list is private; messages must not be forwarded without their author's permission. 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Approximate Size: 82103 bytes. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1993 20:19:01 -0400 (EDT) From: Harry Shapiro Subject: Forward: Clipper and Interactive Cable The following text is presented for personal educational use only. It is not to be copied or otherwise used in a manner which violates rights of its copyright holders. This letter serves only as private communication to readers of the Extropian Mailing List. _________________________________________________________________ Here is a short point of view on clipper and a length article from the NY Times on the future of Interactive Infrastructure. /hawk Copyright 1993 IDG Communications, Inc. Computerworld June 14, 1993 SECTION: VIEWPOINT; Letters to the Editor; Pg. 36 LENGTH: 117 words HEADLINE: Why worry? BYLINE: By Robert V. Jacobson BODY: Stop worrying about the Clipper chip and Big Brother ["Clipper gives Big Brother far too much power," CW, May 31]. No one is going to use it except contractors who are required to so they can have "unclassified, sensitive" telephone conversations with Defense Department agencies. Anyone who is paying attention, and really wants secrecy, won't use this precompromised crypto system. The ostensible purpose of the Clipper chip is to let the FBI listen in on telephone conversations between drug lords. This is a goofy idea. Is it reasonable to assume that AT&T is not going to warn Clipper telephone buyers? No sale, and fade out to sounds of laughter. Robert V. Jacobson New York Copyright 1993 The New York Times Company The New York Times June 20, 1993, Sunday, Late Edition - Final SECTION: Section 1; Page 1; Column 3; National Desk LENGTH: 2816 words HEADLINE: Tomorrow's TV: The Viewer's View/A special report.; Will They Sit by the Set, or Ride a Data Highway? BYLINE: By JOHN TIERNEY BODY: Is the world ready for the empowered couch potato? Television viewers keep hearing that they're about to merge into a global computerized information network, one grand Communicopia. It will supposedly enable them to watch 500 channels, browse in electronic shopping malls and libraries, send a fax to Mount Everest and maybe even learn to use the phrase "digital interactive multimedia" in a sentence. The vision of a data highway into every living room is still based mainly on faith: If you build it, they will interact. But even though the first such systems will not be tested until next year, there is already evidence that the public is interested in interactive television, and there are even early examples of how people will use it. A New York Times/CBS News Poll indicates that most Americans are willing to pay for the privilege of controlling what is on their screens. And it is possible to get a preview of the future from two systems already operating commercially, the Videoway interactive cable television network in Montreal and the America Online network for personal computers. Tech From High to Low These two networks are notable because they are selling high technology to relatively low-tech audiences -- pedestrians, as they're called in Silicon Valley. In Montreal, they use remote-control pads to play along with "Jeopardy!" and choose which camera angles to watch during baseball games. With America Online, an especially easy-to-use on-line service, subscribers with personal computers can browse through libraries, hold conferences and play games with partners across the continent. Both systems show how the distinction between televisions and computers is blurring, which is the basic theme of Communicopia: the convergence of virtually all communications technologies. Thanks to cheaper computers and new methods of compressing data, it is now possible to transmit television pictures and most other information as bits of data that can be processed by a home computer. All this has led to a second convergence -- of capitalists and metaphors. On any day in Corporate America, you can find computer and media executives plotting mergers and talking about the paradigm shift driving the gold rush to the cutting edge of the fiber-optic superhighway. One buzzword is digital, which means information is translated into a computer code of ones and zeros, like music on a CD. Another buzzword is multimedia, which can mean anything you like. All of which leads to the buzz-question: What will the new content do to what is now being called P.O.T.? Content nowadays means movies, music, video games, photographs, books, articles, stock tables or any digital multimedia combination thereof. P.O.T. is plain old television, of which some people are already speaking in the past tense. Televisions The New Habits of Viewer Choice Brigitte Brunelle and her husband, Marc Mueller, have been spending a little more time in front of the television than they used to. They live in Montreal and subscribe to Videoway, the first commercially successful interactive television system. Now four years old, it is promoted with a newspaper advertisement showing a disgruntled man in Japan and the slogan "Even the Japanese Are Jealous." For $6.50 (in American dollars) a month on top of their regular cable TV fees, subscribers can use their remote-control buttons to order instant replays during sports events, pick which segments to watch on the evening news, and answer questions while watching quiz shows or documentaries. They can check sports scores, calculate their income tax, scan classified ads and movie listings at local theaters, even choose which commercials to watch. Ms. Brunelle and Mr. Mueller have tried a few of these options. But what they mainly do with the system is something that will probably not cause terrible pangs of jealousy in Tokyo. "We like the video games," Mr. Mueller said. "I don't really use the interactive TV features very much. But I do use the Videoway to play a lot of chess. My wife tries the blackjack sometimes." That may not sound futuristic, but it's fairly typical, according to surveys conducted by Andre H. Caron, the director of the University of Montreal's New Technologies Research Laboratory. The research is financed by Le Groupe Videotron, the cable television company that operates Videoway. In the surveys, the average Videoway subscriber reports using the system 8.5 hours a week, and four of those hours are spent on video games. Three hours go to interactive programs like "Jeopardy,", and the remaining time is spent on data services, the most popular of which are weather reports, horoscopes and lottery numbers. Creating 'New Habits' Dr. Caron estimates that subscribers have reduced the amount of plain old television they watch by about six hours a week, or roughly 20 percent. They're using that time, plus a couple of added hours, on Videoway. "The system is not creating a great impact or change, but it's developing new habits," Dr. Caron said. "With Videoway, people are learning to expect more and more from television." What's most remarkable about Videoway, at least to cable television executives, is that so many people are willing to pay for it. In Montreal it reaches 160,000 households, a quarter of the cable subscribers who are eligible. This year the system is projected to show a profit and start paying off the $40 million in development costs. The developers found from focus groups that the public didn't want a computer keyboard in the living room, so they used a familiar remote- control pad that selects from choices on the screen. Pushing a button causes the box to either download data, like a video game, or switch to another channel showing a different version of a television program. When they're watching an interactive hockey or baseball game, the subscribers can click a button and see an instant replay at any time by switching to a channel that carries the game with a 10-second delay. They can also switch to other channels that use part of the screen to show statistics or to focus on one particular player. Interactive "Jeopardy!" gives viewers a chance, before the television contestants answer, to pick one of three answers that appear on the screen. The set-top box records the answers and shows the running score on the screen. During an interactive commercial for Ford cars, viewers can choose whether to be regaled with a pitch for any of four models. "You still watch the regular programs most of the time," Ms. Brunelle said, "but sometimes you feel like doing a little more. You might be seeing the interactive news and think: "I'm tired of the war in Bosnia. Let's see a different story.' You feel your TV is a TV, and a Nintendo and a computer. You watch in a different way." Computers PC's as Media For Digital Chats America Online calls itself "the exciting electronic community of the future," and what's futuristic is that it's relatively easy to join. If Videoway is the television made more powerful, America Online is the computer made friendlier. Without learning arcane commands or knowing how a modem works, subscribers with a personal computer can tap into an electronic network for $9.95 a month. They use a mouse or trackball to point at icons on the screen that represent games, reference libraries, news services, magazines and hundreds of special-interest services. Unlike Videoway subscribers, who simply choose among the options piped to them as a one-way stream of data through the cable, America Online customers can specifically order what they want. Their commands are sent over telephone lines to a central computer at the company's headquarters in Vienna, Va. The interactivity goes two ways. Instead of just scanning classified ads, the 275,000 subscribers can instruct the computer to pick only the ones for Honda Accords. Instead of simply reading New Republic articles, they can send messages to the magazine's editors and writers (and occasionally get electronic replies). They can book airline reservations, order from catalogues and post notices on bulletin boards devoted to topics ranging from astronomy to wine. The Screen-Side Chat "It surprised us," said Stephen M. Case, the company's president, "to discover that our subscribers don't look to America Online primarily as a source of information. They see it more as a chance to communicate with other subscribers." Subscribers can talk directly to one another in "chat rooms" -- subnetworks in which up to two-dozen people can type comments to one another. One recent evening, for instance, a chat-room visitor could watch scrolling down the screen a conversation comparing the weather in Florida and Mississippi, which seemed an opportune time to break in and ask the people in the room why they subscribed to America Online. Answers immediately appeared. "AOL manages to take a depersonalizing technology and make it personal via chat rooms like this," replied someone going by the screen name of BRUX. "It's user friendly," FIRECRKR typed. "Any idiot can use AOL, even this one! You don't even have to know how to spll." Other on-line systems -- Compuserve, Prodigy and Genie -- have more subscribers and offer more services in some areas, but America Online has been gaining a lot of praise as the simpilest to use. It is growing rapidly and profitably, and its stock shot up recently amid signs of a possible takeover. Some analysts think it might become the method of choice for the masses to join new electronic networks. Today, 96 percent of American households are happily surviving without any on-line service. Mr. Case, not surprisingly, expects many of them to discover a need for electronic community as cable television systems become interactive and new communications devices -- wireless "palmtop" computers, video phones, high-definition televisions -- reach the market in the next few years. "Certainly there will always be the couch potatoes, people who want nothing more than to be passive recipients of magazines and movies," he said. "But I think the driving force of the new media will be the opportunity to share ideas." Telecomputers They'll Know It When They See It Early next year, 4,000 homes in Orlando, Fla., are scheduled to get a combination of Videoway and America Online: the telecomputer, to use the term popularized by James H. Clark, the chairman of Silicon Graphics Inc. His company in Mountain View, Calif., built the computers that created the special effects in the movies "Terminator 2" and "Jurassic Park." Now Mr. Clark is working to put some of that once-costly computing power into a set-top box that could sell for less than $300. Silicon Graphics' computer chips will be in the telecomputers that Time Warner is testing in Orlando. The box will be able to order and process digital data, including movies, search through electronic libraries and catalogues and be operated by a remote-control pad with buttons and a device -- perhaps a trackball -- for pointing to choices on the screen. "To get people to use it," Mr. Clark said, "it's got to be easy and noncomputerlike and fun." As in Montreal, video games are expected to become one of the most popular uses for it, and Mr. Clark expects the telecomputer's power to produce a new generation of video games. "Right now when you play a video game, it's little two-dimensional icons running around a screen," Mr. Clark said. "Imagine putting yourself in the cockpit of a plane and seeing realistic three-dimensional graphics as you move. With this system, you might call up a flight- simulator game and have a dogfight in 3-D with your friend across town -- in real time. It'll be a kind of virtual reality." Movies to Order Another application is what Mr. Clark calls the virtual VCR: ordering movies or television programs that would be transmitted digitally from a central computer specifically to one telecomputer. Viewers in Orlando will be able to stop and resume the movie at will or order the central computer to do the digital equivalent of rewinding. They will also be able to call up shopping catalogues, place orders and -- should they desire such a thing -- demand longer commercials. "We're talking about a fundamental shift in advertising," said Geoffrey W. Holmes, Time Warner's senior vice president for technology. "When you're shopping for a life insurance policy, you can access a detailed explanation. Or think about buying a car. You can bring the showroom to your house and take a 15-minute walk through it." After the Orlando test, Time Warner hopes to start up some full-scale commercial systems in 1995. Other cable companies are planning similar tests and systems, and optimists expect most Americans to be able to interact with their televisions by the end of the decade. But others wonder if the public will be willing to pay so quickly for the expensive new switches, fiber-optic cables and central computers that will be required. The experience in Montreal has convinced Andre Chagnon, the chairman of Videotron, that people change their habits slowly. He is planning to make Videoway a two-way system next year, but he doesn't expect a revolution. "In five years, things won't be that much different than they are today," Mr. Chagnon said. "Contrary to what many people are saying, I believe the video store will still be there at the end of the decade. We may be able to let our Videoway users search through a list of 10,000 movies, but we won't be as low cost and user-friendly as a video store where you can walk down one aisle and see 500 titles with pictures and descriptions of the movie." For the foreseeable future, it seems likely that most viewers are going to spend most of their time watching plain old television, if only because it's free. But, as in Montreal, they will probably start watching television a little more actively. And ultimately they may even do what the America Online subscribers do: turn to one another for entertainment and enlightenment. The telecomputer in Orlando will have a plug-in jack for a video camera with many Communicopian possibilities. Professors giving lectures to a television audience could look at a student asking a question from her living room. There could be video phone calls and video versions of the chat rooms on America Online. What We've Been Wanting? Before any of this comes to pass, some investors will surely go broke overestimating the interactiveness of the American people. But it would also be a mistake to dismiss these new possibilities just because people may not yet want them. Back in 1917, when investors were losing money on a new communications technology, a writer named Brian Hooker offered some prescient observations in The Century magazine. "What is to become of the moving picture?" he wrote, noting that the "benighted" pioneers of the film industry were risking huge losses in their "desperate endeavor to find out what the public wants." "An exciting question," Mr. Hooker continued, "but a futile one; for the public itself does not and cannot know what it wants. It can only recognize, when confronted therewith, what it has been wanting." AMERICANS WANT MORE FROM TV Most Americans would like to interact more with their televisions, and on average they would be willing to pay about $10 a month for a package of new features, according to the latest New York Times/CBS News Poll. Sixty-seven percent of the men surveyed and 58 percent of the women say they are very interested in at least one of the six interactive features described in the poll. Most remaining respondents say they are somewhat interested in one or more features. In the total sample of 1,347 adults nationwide, only 7 percent say they are not at all interested in any of the new features. The most popular feature is the ability to order reruns of television programs. Younger adults seem most enthusiastic about interactive television. Of the respondents 18 to 29 years old, 82 percent are very interested in at least one interactive feature, and nearly half are willing to pay more than $15 a month for the new features. People younger than 18 were not surveyed. The poll is evidence of a significant shift in people's attitudes toward television, said Steve Reynolds, who analyzes interactive media at Link Resources, a market research and consulting firm in New York. "Ten years ago it was hard for people to even imagine using their televisions to choose camera angles or order products," Mr. Reynolds said. "But now, as you see in the poll, they're willing to accept interactivity and pay a fairly realistic price for it." The poll, which was conducted June 1 to 3, has a potential sampling error of plus or minus three percentage points. GRAPHIC: Graph: "Interacting With Your Television," lists results of The New York Times/CBS News Poll on how interested those polled would be in various interactive television services. (pg. 24) Photos: Offerings on the Videoway interactive television network in Montreal include video chess, played here by Brigitte Bruhelle and her husband, Marc Mueller. (Robert Galbraith for The New York Times); Viewers in Montreal can call up a statistical profile of a player at any time during a televised baseball game. (Videoway); Picture symbols let users of the America Online computer network choose from an on- screen menu of services. (America Online); James H. Clark, chairman of Silicon Graphics, is developing television set-top devices he calls telecomputers. (Silicon Graphics) (pg. 24) TYPE: Special Report SUBJECT: Terms not available ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 21 Jun 93 23:09:44 PDT From: tcmay@netcom.com (Timothy C. May) Subject: AIT VirtSem: Setting up the Virtual Seminar Hal Finney writes: > I like Tim's idea for trying out a virtual seminar. Lately I haven't > been able to get on the list much so a slower pace sounds very > attractive to me. I've read, or at least skimmed, a couple of Chaitin's > books, as well as the ALife I and II proceedings. There is another > Santa Fe Institute proceeding volume that's good, but I forget the > title. Most of these books I get at the UCSB library so I don't have > the information right at hand but I can usually look it up. I've held off responding to some of the comments, mainly to make sure a somewhat leisurely pace is maintained. I only floated the idea this morning, and already someone has asked for a definition of "complexity" and some discussion has already appeared. Nothing wrong with this, of course, but too rapid an explication of core ideas is symptomatic of the way our list often goes. Chaitin, in fact, offered an interesting metaphor...his book "Algorithmic Information Theory" is very densely written and is very "fast" in developing ideas, so Chaitin has recently likened it to "like hiking up a mountain by the fastest route, not stoppoing until one reaches the top." (Happily, Chaitin knows this is not the only way to explain a subject, and certainly not necessarily the best way, and so some of his other essays are dramatically more readable. I plan to scan and OCR at least a couple of them.) Anyway, I'm resisting the temptation to quickly flesh out the plans for our upcoming (already running?) "AIT VirtSem." Your comments are welcome. -Tim May -- .......................................................................... Timothy C. May | Crypto Anarchy: encryption, digital money, tcmay@netcom.com | anonymous networks, digital pseudonyms, zero 408-688-5409 | knowledge, reputations, information markets, W.A.S.T.E.: Aptos, CA | black markets, collapse of governments. Higher Power: 2^756839 | Public Key: PGP and MailSafe available. Note: I put time and money into writing this posting. I hope you enjoy it. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 00:49:57 -0700 (PDT) From: szabo@techbook.com (Nick Szabo) Subject: EVOLUTION/DIET: What proto-hominids ate Alas, there are many alternate interpretations (more than enough to fit human evolution to any particular ideology :-) * Ramapithicus precedes the human/chimpanzee split, which DNA editing distance indicates occured c. 4.5 million years ago. Ramapithicus looks more closely related to orangutans than to the human/chimp line. * Early astralophithicus fossils date back to at least 3.5 million years BP, fairly close to the human/chimp split. The "missing links" are more on the chimp side than the human side (chimpanzees themselves evolved quite substantially after the split, though not so dramatically as humans, and not towards greater encephalization). * Decrease in size of both canines and molars correlates almost exactly with increasing use of stone tools (and presumably wood & fiber tools that decayed). Clubs, thrown stones, stone axes, etc. substitute for canines as intraspecies weapons and threat displays. Sticks and stones substitute for molars to process vegetables (eg grinding grain). Clubs and stones might also have been used for hunting and increased meat consumption. * Fire (and presumably cooking) developed by H. Erectus can remove toxins from vegetables and parasites from fresh kill and carrion meat. Its main effect would have been to further increase the flexibility of the human diet. Today's hunter-gatherer societies range from almost entirely carnivorous to almost entirely vegan. Humans have a strong revulsion to decaying raw meat. The corresponding attraction to the smell of cooked/charred meat is probably also genetic, but not as strong and probably can be amplified or supressed by cultural experience. But the genetic benefits have to do with the removal of toxins and parasites from food, not from the carcinogenic tars which stimulate the response. None of this provides strong evidence for or against any particular "optimal" diet. Genetically Successful hominids lived long enough to breed, eg 30-40. My main concern has to do with ages 80-120, and that age range is a big "don't care" as far as genetic evolution is concerned, since only an infinitesimal population lived that long and could at best have only indirect kin-altruistic impacts on genetic propagation. It makes much more sense to rely on modern demographic studies and nutritional studies of specific substances on specific tissues, rather than speculations about fossil interpretation. Anybody have 1 million year old amber with mosquitoes embedded in it? :-) Nick Szabo szabo@techbook.com ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 02:12:53 -0600 (MDT) From: Stanton McCandlish Subject: EVOLUTION/DIET: What proto-hominids ate Excellent post. Much enjoyed the part about throwing giving rise to much of our intelligence. Interesting concept. A couple of niggling points: Using gorilla:chimp as evidence of vegetarian-only diet leading to bigger, stronger jaws seems a bit flawed, considering that gorillas are just bigger and stronger all over. Also, hunter-gatherers eat FAR less meat than agriculturalists. Perhaps more than pure horticulturalists, like the Yanomamo of Brazil, but full-blown agriculture goes hand in hand with animal husbandry, and provides for a constant supply of meat. Contrary to popular myth, h-g's eat very little meat; kills are rare, and by far the largest proportion of their diet is vegetable. As for h-g's being more healthy, I'd like to see evidence of that statement, as it flies in the face of all I have studied (concisely: h-g's have short lifespans, and tend to not have particularly good health; the !Kung, to return to your example, all have badly swollen stomachs due the the roughage they eat. Their bodies don't adjust to this sort of diet until around puberty. The kids are well fed, quantity-wise, but almost look like they are starving. And the !Kung have a high infant mortality rate, much higher than say the Yanomamo, or the Papua New Guineans.) About the best thing to be said for h-g lifestyle is the leisure time. What agriculturalists gained in security, they lost by having to work much, much harder. We're still stuck in that rut today, sadly. -- Stanton McCandlish * Space Migration * Networking * ChaOrder * NO GOV'T. * anton@hydra.unm.edu * Intelligence Increase * Nano * Crypto * NO RELIGION * FidoNet: 1:301/2 * Life Extension * Ethics * VR * Now! * NO MORE LIES! * Noise in the Void BBS * +1-505-246-8515 (24hr, 1200-14400, v32bis, N-8-1) * ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 02:23:20 -0600 (MDT) From: Stanton McCandlish Subject: META: "Branch Extropians" Well, now I am getting a couple redist requests on that; sorry I forgot the x-reposting-policy, I thought of it about a milisecond after I hit end! Anyway, you may redistribute it at will, with credit. For future ref, anything like that (including real reviews and summaries) will be likewise repostable, unless otherwise noted. As for regular list mail, the general list rule holds - ask 1st. :) -- Stanton McCandlish * Space Migration * Networking * ChaOrder * NO GOV'T. * anton@hydra.unm.edu * Intelligence Increase * Nano * Crypto * NO RELIGION * FidoNet: 1:301/2 * Life Extension * Ethics * VR * Now! * NO MORE LIES! * Noise in the Void BBS * +1-505-246-8515 (24hr, 1200-14400, v32bis, N-8-1) * ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 06:44:10 -0400 (EDT) From: Harry Shapiro Subject: AIT VirtSem: Setting up the Virtual Seminar a conscious being, Timothy C. May wrote: > Anyway, I'm resisting the temptation to quickly flesh out the plans > for our upcoming (already running?) "AIT VirtSem." Your comments are > welcome. > > -Tim May I thought about logistics. Perhaps we should put some banner in the top few lines of each post for the AIT VirtSem. The banner would basicly restate the basic terms of the VirtSem. (e.g., this is private, but you are welcome to join if you do the reading...) The reason I suggest this is that new members join the list all the time and other don't seem to pay attention :) This would prevent someone (hopefully) jumping in an posting about how their cat knows more about this than we will never know... etc. I guess it would be helpful to know "who we are" before we start so we can ignore the posts of others who haven't commmited to "doing at least some of the reading," etc. /hawk ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 06:48:38 -0400 (EDT) From: Harry Shapiro Subject: E-PRIME: Atlantic Monthly article a conscious being, Nick Szabo wrote: > > > I'm inspired to write an E-Prime style-checking script in perl. > The first version should be very simple, a context grep on the > following: > * forms of the verb "to be" > * absolutist words (always, never, etc.) > This would make a great "Agent" for our new list software. List members that subscribe to the agent get there messages checked for E-prime correctness. /hawk ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 04:13:42 -0700 (PDT) From: szabo@techbook.com (Nick Szabo) Subject: Self-replication is easy Derek Zahn: > * What is the relationship between evolution and complexity? Function. Self-replicating patterns range across a spectrum from ridiculously trivial to ridiculously complex (nuclear and chemical reactions, crystallizations, clays, "coin disease", biological and computer viruses, operating systems, bacteria, humans). To self-replicate _and_ perform a function (eg controlled flight) requires some minimal amount of complexity (eg the information in the DNA of a flying insect, bat, or bird). But self-replication itself is trivial, and theoretical approaches that concentrate on the "complexity of self-replication" are probably bogus and not worth pursuing. > * Biologically, complexity evolves with the development of a food > chain, with more complex organisms typically toward the top. This is probably a matter of concentrating energy and information patterns (eg eating sugars and proteins instead of sunlight and CO2). The energy and information are interchangeable: catalysts use information to minimize energy usage, and energy is used to compress that catalytic information into DNA. The problem of how to build a "self-replicating factory" really deals with how to start with very primitive building blocks and creating building blocks of a complex sufficient to both (a) produce some useful product(s) and (b) make a copy of the factory. To determine the complexity we first need to know (a), because by itself (b) is trivial. > * What would happen if artificial evolution were given an explicit > bias toward complexity? Complexity should only exist where necessary to perform the function. Generating a solution more complex than necessary is called "overfitting" in symbolic regression, and leads to loss of generality; also overly complex solutions are less efficient. The complexity of higher life forms comes from the ability of more complex functions to fill a wider variety of niches. Flying allows new niches (eg escape from predators, or ability to spot prey that would escape notice from the ground). Cooking allowed H. Erectus to expand its niche. Trans- and Post-humans will be best defined by their ability to expand niche (eg inhabiting outer space, solving new problems, extending lifespan, becoming smarter, reanimating from cryonics, uploading, etc.) N.B. My use of "complexity" can be interpreted in terms of the layman's definition, or in terms of algorithmic compressibility, but don't confuse it with the restricted terms of art dealing with the space and time "complexity" of algorithms. Nick Szabo szabo@techbook.com ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 93 11:03:03 EDT From: Andrew S Hall Subject: BOOKS: Sci-fi I just remembered a really good sci-fi book that meets Nick's complaints. It is not entirelly extropian-correct, but I thought it was well-written and thought provoking. The book is _The Hercules Text_ by (I don't recall but have it at home) The premise of the story is that SETI finally pays off and we start receiving a transmission. Initially, it is just a carrier signal (so to speak) and then massive amounts of info is sent. The long-dead (presumably) aliens have altered a pulsar (I think) to sent binary data. The information is high-tech, math, science, etc. The novel is about the effects of this event and the revelations on society as a whole. Most interestingly, the hero is the administrator in charge of the project. He is not a scientist, but is still intelligent and reasonable. He is a sort of college-educated, upper-middle class Everyman. I highly reccomend the book not so much for being compatible with extropian ideals, but as good, well-written, techie sci-fi. A. Techno-Anarchy.Neophilia.Economic Freedom.Cryptography.Anti-Statism.Personal Liberty.Laissez-Faire.Privacy Protection.Libertarianism.No Taxes.No Bullshit. ********** Liberty BBS 1-614-798-9537 ********** ********** Dedicated to Freedom. Yours. ********** ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 11:22:03 -0400 (EDT) From: Carol Moore Subject: FORWARD: WACO: Tear Gas (-: cmoore@cap.gwu.edu :-) forwarded from firearms-politics@cs.cmu.edu Contains an analysis of the use of CS (tear gas) in an enclosed flamable building -- Bob Leone To: info-firearms-politics@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu From: "Lance W. Bledsoe" Newsgroups: info.firearms.politics Subject: Gun Report, The New American, June 28th, 1993 Date: 21 Jun 1993 08:14:14 -0500 Organization: CS Dept, University of Texas at Austin Gun Report By. Robert W. Lee Taken From: The New American Magazine Volume 9, Number 13 June 28th, 1993 Page 38 Lethal Fumes Neal Knox, head of the Firearms Coalition, recently checked the characteristics of the chemical irritant CS that the FBI pumped into the Branch Davidian compound prior to the fire that wiped out the inhabitants on April 19th. The FBI's stated plan, Knox recalls, was "to pump tear gas into each end of the Branch Davidian building in order to drive the inhabitants toward the outside door which was in the middle of the building." CS, however, is classified as an "irritant" only in low concentrations. Knox notes that in "higher concentrations, such as in a building, it immobilizes by nausea, vomiting and vertigo." Thomas Charles Swearengen, in his authoritative reference, Tear Gas Munitions, states that in "situations where it is desired to drive a mob from an area, the use of CS may hamper the movement of the rioters because of the rapid and severe onslaught of symptoms." Knox points out that the author is referring to the outdoor use of the substance, while the FBI used it indoors, where a gas-immobilized victim (in Swearengen's words) "could possibly receive a lethal dose through his own helplessness." The Davidian compound was a tinderbox constructed of used lumber, plywood, and sheetrock tacked together with tar paper. Its floors were littered with combustibles, including bales of hay and the kerosene, gasoline, and propane on which the Davidians were largely dependent after electricity was cut off. The potential for fire was obvious from the start, so it is pertinent to ask how the CS might have been affected. According to another authoritative reference, Dangerous Properties Of Industrial Materials, by N. Irving Sax, CS is catagorized as a nitrate (its technical name is o-chlorobenzlidene malomtrile). Readers are referred to "chlorides and nitriles" for further information. Under "chlorides" the text asserts that "when heated to decomposition] ... they evolve highly toxic chloride fumes." Under "nitriles," it states that when "heated to decomp[osition], they emit highly toxic cyanide fumes." Another source, the Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, by Richard J. Lewis Sr., asserts that CS is "moderately toxic by inhalation," and confirms that when "heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cl [chlorine], NO [nitriles], and CN [cyanide]." ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 08:54:14 -0800 From: lefty@apple.com (Lefty) Subject: SOC/CHAT: Appearances >Lefty says: >> Just out of curiousity, Perry. >> >> As a resident of New York, how dangerous do you feel Central Park is? > >Fairly, but it has a low crime rate because few people are willing to >go through it at night alone. It isn't dangerous compared to several >other spots I can mention. I'll walk through it at night in a >reasonable group. Heh. According to the New York City Police Department, Central Park is the safest, bar none, _safest_ precinct in the entire city. Appearances and impressions are not reliable indicators of the nature of reality. See the article on Central Park in Smithsonian magazine, three months ago. Just to provide an anecdotal data point, I have personally walked through Central Park well after midnight, alone, on a number of occasions. In the words of a Kurt Vonnegut character who embarked on a similar adventure, "There was nobody there. Just me, and fear, and nobody." Just to provide a second anecdotal data point, I have a friend who was mugged by someone wearing a business suit and carrying a briefcase. -- Lefty (lefty@apple.com) C:.M:.C:., D:.O:.D:. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 93 9:17:39 CDT From: derek@cs.wisc.edu (Derek Zahn) Subject: Self-replication is easy NOTE: This is part of the AIT VirtSem's seminar-like atmosphere, but right now we're just chatting while the syllabus self-organizes. Do not become exhausted by this message. I'd like to work on clarifying a point that Nick Szabo made regarding the relationship between the complexity of self reproduction and the complexity of "useful production": > The problem of how to build a "self-replicating factory" really > deals with how to start with very primitive building blocks and > creating building blocks of a complex sufficient to both (a) produce > some useful product(s) and (b) make a copy of the factory. To determine > the complexity we first need to know (a), because by itself (b) is > trivial. I disagree. I assume you mean "factory" in some real physical sense. In this case, I think that a macro-scale self-reproducing factory (working with moderately simple primitive components) would be so large that adding some "production" capacity (a lathe in the corner turning wooden sticks into table legs, e.g.) would be trivial in comparison. There is a balance, and not necessarily in favor of the complexity of useful production. > Generating a solution more complex than necessary is called > "overfitting" in symbolic regression, and leads to loss of generality; > also overly complex solutions are less efficient. Aesthetic application areas aside, this is true -- but it isn't clear what "necessary" complexity means. Only exhaustive search would guarantee the SIMPLEST solution; for more relaxed ideas of necessary complexity, we get into issues of search strategy. A bias toward complexity (suitably defined) could be a win for some kinds of problems. Admittedly, not many because all things equal, a complex solution takes more time to test than a simple one. > N.B. My use of "complexity" can be interpreted in terms of > the layman's definition, or in terms of algorithmic compressibility, But this is why I think some careful thinking is required here. Which of the above two do you want? You can't have both. A random string is not intuitively complex, but is incompressible. derek ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 93 9:37:19 PDT From: tcmay@netcom.com (Timothy C. May) Subject: SOC/CHAT: Appearances and Multiple Worlds Lefty writes: > Just to provide an anecdotal data point, I have personally walked through > Central Park well after midnight, alone, on a number of occasions. In the > words of a Kurt Vonnegut character who embarked on a similar adventure, > "There was nobody there. Just me, and fear, and nobody." Ah, but is this surprising? After all, you are still here to tell us about this, which means we are not in the realities in which you were mugged and killed. Sort of a like listening to a Russian roulette survivor explaining how it isn't really as dangerous as everyone says it is. -Tim -- .......................................................................... Timothy C. May | Crypto Anarchy: encryption, digital money, tcmay@netcom.com | anonymous networks, digital pseudonyms, zero 408-688-5409 | knowledge, reputations, information markets, W.A.S.T.E.: Aptos, CA | black markets, collapse of governments. Higher Power: 2^756839 | Public Key: PGP and MailSafe available. Note: I put time and money into writing this posting. I hope you enjoy it. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 93 10:48:05 -0400 From: pcm@cs.brown.edu (Peter C. McCluskey) Subject: FWD: Book Review X-Reposting-Policy: redistribute freely >"DREAMS OF A FINAL THEORY" Steven Weinberg. Pantheon, N.Y. ISBN 0679419233 > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I read parts of this book recently, and was underwhelmed. He spends a lot more time talking about how mundane physics is done in the 20th century, and arguing for taxpayer financing of the Supercollider, than he does dreaming about what a final theory would be like. For a similar book with a more Extropian spirit, read Barrow's "Theories of Everything: The Quest for Ultimate Explanation", or at least read my review of it in the next Extropy. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Peter McCluskey >> Hofstadter's Law: It always takes longer than you expect, pcm@cs.brown.edu >> even when you take into account Hofstadter's Law. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 11:33:04 -0500 From: extr@jido.b30.ingr.com (Craig Presson) Subject: SPACE: New Face Found Some of my local L5 friends and I were up late last night, applying various enhacement techniques to some Mars data that had just been made public by NASA. 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