"variable" fine structure constant

From: Amara Graps (Amara.Graps@mpi-hd.mpg.de)
Date: Mon Aug 27 2001 - 10:00:41 MDT


Extropes,

Saw a message on sci.astro.research today that looks useful, so
then forwarding...

Amara

======================================================
Newsgroups: sci.astro.research
From: nedwright@my-deja.com (Ned Wright)
Subject: Variable constants?
Date: Sat, 25 Aug 2001 12:22:54 GMT

On 24 Aug 2001, NPR reported on the paper by Webb etal in the 27 Aug
2001 Physical Review Letters on variable physical constants. So I
have added the following commentary to the News of the Universe
section of my cosmology tutorial at

http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmolog.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/healthscience/science/astro/2001-08-15-speed-of-light.htm

In the 15 Aug 2001 USA Today reported on this paper
[http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0012539] that claims to have
seen a variation in the fine structure constant, alpha =
e^2/hbar*c. Since one of the factors in this dimensionless ratio
[=1/137.036...] is the speed of light, USA Today headlined the
idea that the speed of light might have varied. Coverage on the
first page of the Week in Review section of the 19 Aug 2001 New
York Times was more restrained. But John Bahcall of the IAS is
cautious about this result, and I also urge caution because of
several factors:

   The measurement requires 1 part per million accuracy in
   measuring the wavelength of absorption lines in faint quasars.

   Averaging over 49 quasar absorption line systems gives only a 4
   standard deviation result, which is barely statistically
   significant.

   Previous work [http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9803165] by the
   same team also gave a 4 standard deviation result but with
   larger errors. Thus improved accuracy did not give improved
   statistical significance, but rather a smaller effect.

   A similar measurement that compares the redshifted wavelength
   of the 21 cm line of atomic hydrogen to redshifted wavelengths
   of optical lines does not show this effect.
   http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/Dalpha.gif is a graph showing
   the claimed detection of a variable alpha versus redshift as
   the red points while the blue points show the 21 cm results
   with no apparent variation in the physical constants. Of
   course, this could be due to a compensating variation in the
   proton magnetic moment.

--Edward L. (Ned) Wright, UCLA Professor of Physics and Astronomy
  See http:www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmolog.htm

-- 
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Amara Graps, PhD             | Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik
Heidelberg Cosmic Dust Group | Saupfercheckweg 1
+49-6221-516-543             | 69117 Heidelberg, GERMANY
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