From: Doug Skrecky (oberon@vcn.bc.ca)
Date: Tue Jul 10 2001 - 21:55:40 MDT
This is the 41'st update of my fly longevity experiments. Except
where indicated 1/4 tsp citric acid was added to all bottles, to prevent
pathogen growth on the fly food. No evidence of mold was detected. As with
Run #40 increasing the dosage of citric acid to 1 tsp appeared to offer
some benefit. However I am still not convinced that this is not due to
chance.
The poor results with tartaric acid first detected in Run #37, are
replicated here. It does look like tartaric acid is much more toxic than
citric acid. By comparision acetic acid (white vinegar) looks to be
relatively non-toxic. Apple cider vinegar powder is mildly beneficial. How
much of the volatile acetic acid is retained in this powder is debatible.
Very low dose lithium appears to be of no benefit, while extreme
sodium loading with sodium citrate is toxic. Both soy and whey protein
reduced longevity, but this may be due to dehydration from the
"dry" looking fly food.
Run #41 Percent Survival on Day
supplement 22 28 34 38 44 50 55 60 65 72 76 81 86 91
____________________________________________________________________
control (citric 1/4 tsp) 94 83 72 61 44 33 33 22 11 6 0 - - -
apple cider vinegar .5 gm 100 94 76 82 59 59 53 41 29 12 6 6 6 0
apple cider vinegar 2 gm 92 92 92 67 67 58 50 50 33 25 17 0 - -
citric acid 1 tsp 87 74 74 70 65 65 26 17 4 0 - - - -
citric acid 2 tsp 53 47 37 32 26 21 11 0 - - - - - -
sodium citrate 1 tsp 48 0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Licl 1 drop 76 72 64 52 36 24 12 8 0 - - - - -
soy protein 4 tsp 56 50 19 19 13 13 0 - - - - - - -
tartaric acid 1/4 tsp 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
vinegar, white 4 tsp 95 85 85 85 80 55 40 25 10 0 - - - -
whey protein 4 tsp 88 81 44 19 6 6 0 - - - - - - -
My personal testing of the satiating ability of various foods has
continued. This time I tried a low carb approach, by eating nothing but
white chicken breast meat for a day. Ad libitum intake was 1478 calories,
which is no different from other low palatability foods. Switching to
unsalted roasted peanuts increased intake significantly to 2689
calories. However there was evidence of malabsorption with this food, and
true calorie intake would have been lower than this figure. Unfortunately
I made the mistake of trying malvia verticellata tea on the day I tried
peanuts. This tea has a reputation for causing malabsorption. I couldn't
help but think about how common severe peanut allergies have become in the
last several decades. The peanuts I ate would have killed an entire school
bus load of peanut sensitive children. When I was a child, nobody that I
was aware of had any peanut allergies. Such is no longer the case.
Up till now, with the exception of Astro's no-fat fruit yogurt, no
foods with a strong taste had been tested. I decided to try a highly
palatable calorically dense food, to see if intake would be
modified. Entering stage right is Christie's Chips Ahoy chocolate chip
cookies. I included 568 calories of chili, so as avoid a protein deficit,
but ate an unbelievable additional 3487 calories from the cookies, for a
total daily intake of 4055 calories with cookies and chili! It appears
that high palatability and high caloric density have a potent synergistic
effect on calorie intake. I am incredulous at the large difference in
calorie intake between cookies, and yogurt.
After separating tasty foods from those with little taste, it is
apparent that caloric density has little or no effect on intake, when
taste is not a confounding factor. Without the lure of palatability, it
appears my motivation for eating is solely for the calories, so density
does not matter. Small food volume may be the reason tasty cookies are so
much less satiating than tasty yogurt, but further experimentation will
have to test this hypothesis.
(LOW PALATABILITY)
FOOD DAILY CALORIE INTAKE
______________________________________
apple, Gala 1413
chicken breast 1478
potato 2179 (skipped lunch next day)
rye bread 1388
rye crispbread 1564
vegetables/cottage cheese 1768
(Medium PALATABILITY)
FOOD DAILY CALORIE INTAKE
_______________________________________
yogurt & Gala apples 1976
peanuts 2689 (malabsorption)
(HIGH PALATABILITY)
FOOD DAILY CALORIE INTAKE
_______________________________________
cookies/chili 4055
yogurt, fruit, no fat 1483
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