From: Harvey Newstrom (newstrom@newstaffinc.com)
Date: Sat Jan 01 2000 - 15:33:13 MST
Hilary A. Thomas <standingrock@pagosa.net> wrote on Saturday, January 01,
2000 3:25, > >From: "Dan S" <ds2000@mediaone.net>
> >
> >>From The Ottawa Citizen Online,
> >http://www.ottawacitizen.com/national/991226/3348268.html
>
> >If such cloning worked exactly they should, theoretically, have been
carbon
> >copies of each other. In reality, a host of other factors have conspired
to
> >make them into unique individuals. Mr. Campbell is unable to say exactly
> why
> >the animals differ: research into the causes has not been done. High
among
> >the possibilities is the fact that the four-cell nuclei from which they
> were
> >created were placed into egg cells taken from different female sheep.
>
> Duh! I don't think you have to look further...
This is not as much as a "Duh!" as you think. It is was currently believed
that DNA defines an animal's appearance and much of its personality. These
clones had identical DNA and different egg cells. The egg cells were
thought to be empty containers to hold the DNA. Now that the animals look
and act different, it appears that DNA is not the end-all blueprint that we
thought it was. Apparently, much of the animals definition comes from
non-DNA sources.
This throws much of our assumptions about genetics out the window. It means
that characteristics of children come from the parents via other mechanisms
in addition to DNA. It means that a complete mapping of human DNA genome
still won't give us complete control over a child's characteristics.
Scanning fetal DNA won't be able to detect all birth defects, or even all
birth defects inherited from the parents.
This is a major problem for genetics and biology. We have to develop an
extension to genetics that track trait inheritance outside of DNA. This
also is a problem for cloning replacement organs. What if we get an exact
DNA match, and the organs are still rejected by the body as being alien? We
thought we were very close to understanding most of genetics, with the
mapping of the human genome. It now appears that there are more inheritance
pathways to map, and we don't even know where they are or how they work.
-- Harvey Newstrom <http://harveynewstrom.com> Certified Consultant, Legal Hacker, Engineer, Research Scientist, Author.
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