\chapter{KEYBOARD COMMANDS}

The MGED keyboard commands are used to maintain overall control of the
system and to perform general housekeeping functions.
They are summarized in Figure \ref{cmd-summary}.

\begin{figure}[tb]
\begin{tabular}{l l l}
Key	& Argument[s]	& Description \\
\\
  e	& obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& display objects on the screen \\
  E	& obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& display objects evaluating regions \\
  B	& obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& Zap screen, display objects \\
  d	& obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& delete objects from screen \\
  cp	& oldobj newobj	& copy 'oldobj' to 'newobj' \\
  cpi	& oldtgc newtgc	& copy 'oldtgc' to 'newtgc' inverted \\
  Z	& -none-	& Zap (clear) the screen \\
  g	& groupname obj1* obj2*....objn*	& group objects \\
  r	& region op1 sol1....opn soln	& create/modify a region \\
  i	& object instname	& create instance of an object \\
  mv	& oldname newname	& rename object \\
  mvall	& oldname newname	& rename all occurrences of an object \\
  l	& object*	& list object information \\
  kill	& obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& remove objects from the file \\
  killall	& obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& remove object[s] + references from file \\
  killtree	& obj1* objn* ... objn*	& remove complete paths  **CAREFUL** \\
  t	& object*	& table of contents \\
  mirror	& oldobj newobj axis	& mirror image of an object \\
  mirface	& \#\#\#\# axis	& mirror face \#\#\#\# about an axis \\
  extrude	& \#\#\#\# distance	& extrude an arb face \\
  item	& region item air	& change region item/air codes \\
  mater	& region material los	& change region mat/los codes \\
  rm	& comb mem1* mem2*....memn*	& delete members from combination \\
  units	& mm|cm|m|in|ft	& change the units of the objectfile \\
  title	& new-title	& change the title of the description \\
  p	& dx [dy dz]	& precise commands for solid editing \\
  rotobj	& xdeg ydeg zdeg	& rotate(absolute) an edited object \\
  scale	& factor	& scale(absolute) an edited object \\
  translate	& x y z	& translate an edited object \\
  arb	& name rot fb	& make arb8 with rot and fb \\
  analyze	& solids	& print much info about a solid \\
  summary	& s|r|g	& solid/region/group summary \\
  tops	& -none-	& list all top level objects \\
  find	& obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& find all references to an object \\
  area	& [endpoint-tolerance]	& find presented area of E'd objects \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{MGED Command Summary 1 \label{cmd-summary} }
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{tabular}{l l l}
Key	& Argument[s]	& Description \\
\\
  plot	& [-zclip] [-2d] [out-file] [| filter]	& make UNIX-plot of view \\
  color	& low high r g b str	& assign color(r g b) to item range \\
  edcolor	& -none-	& text edit the color/item assignments \\
  prcolor	& -none-	& print the current color/item assignments \\
  make	& name type	& create and display a primitive \\
  fix	& -none-	& restart the display after hangup \\
  rt	& [options]	& raytrace view onto framebuffer \\
  release	& -none-	& release current display processor \\
  attach	& nu|tek|tek4109|plot|mg|vg|rat	& attach new display processor \\
  ae	& az elev	& rotate view w/azim and elev angles \\
  regdef	& item [air los mat]	& set default codes for next region created \\
  ted	& -none-	& text edit a solids parameters \\
  vrot	& xdeg ydeg zdeg	& rotate view \\
  ill	& name	& illuminate object \\
  sed	& solidname	& solid edit the named solid \\
  center	& x y z	& set view center \\
  press	& button-label	& emulate button press \\
  knob	& id value	& emulate knob twist \\
  size	& value	& set view size \\
  x	& -none-	& debug list of objects displayed \\
  status	& -none-	& print view status \\
  refresh	& -none-	& send new control list \\
  edcomb	& comb flag item air mat los	& edit comb record info \\
  edgedir	& delta\_x delta\_y delta\_z	& define direction of an ARB edge being moved \\
  in	& name type {parameters}	& type-in a new solid directly \\
  prefix	& string obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& prefix objects with 'string' \\
  keep	& file.g obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& keep objects in 'file.g' \\
  tree	& obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& list tree for objects \\
  inside	& --prompted for input--	& find inside solid \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{MGED Command Summary 2 }
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{tabular}{l l l}
Key	& Argument[s]	& Description \\
\\
  solids	& file obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& make ascii solid parameter summary in 'file' \\
  regions	& file obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& make ascii region summary in 'file' \\
  idents	& file obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& make ascii region ident summary in 'file' \\
  edcodes	& obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& edit region ident codes \\
  dup	& file {prefix}	& checks for dup names in 'file' \& current file \\
  cat	& file {prefix}	& cat's 'file' onto end of current file \\
  track	& --prompted for input--	& builds track given appropriate 'wheel' data \\
  3ptarb	& --prompted for input--	& makes arb8 given 3 pts, etc. \\
  rfarb	& --prompted for input--	& makes arb8 given point, rot, fallback, etc. \\
  whichid	& ident1 ident2 ... identn	& list all regions with given ident \\
  paths	& --prompted for input--	& lists all paths matching input path \\
  listeval	& -prompted for input--	& gives 'evaluated' path summary \\
  copyeval	& --prompted for input--	& copy an 'evaluated' path-solid \\
  tab	& obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& list objects as stored in data file \\
  push	& obj1* obj2* ... objn*	& push object transformations to solids \\
  facedef	& \#\#\#\# {data}	& define plane of an edited ARB face \\
  eqn	& A B C	& define plane coefficients of rotating ARB face \\
  q	& -none-	& quit \\
  %	& -none-	& escape to shell \\
  ?	& -none-	& help message \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{MGED Command Summary 3 }
\end{figure}

\section{Copy Object}

{\em \center cp oldobj newobj}

This command is used to produce a copy of an object (solid or comb).
In this case, the
object "oldobj" will be copied into an object called "newobj".

Examples:
{\em
              cp arb8 hullbot.s \\
              cp tgc wheelrim.s \\
              cp torso.r driver\_torso \\
              cp proto.man driver \\
}

\section{Zap Screen}

{\em \center Z}

This is the Zap command.  It clears all objects from the screen.

\section{Drop objects from display screen}

{\em \center d obj1 obj2 ... objn}

This command allows one to remove objects from the display screen.  In
this case "obj1" thru "objn" will be removed from the display.

\section{Move (rename) object}

{\em \center mv old new}

This command is used to rename objects in the data file.  In this
case, the object "old" will be renamed "new".
A note of caution:  the name is changed only in the object record itself, not
in any member records.  Thus if the object "old" appears as a member
of any other object, the name will not be changed there.
To rename all occurrences of an object, use the "mvall" command.

Examples:
{\em
              mv test hull \\
              mv g00 air \\
              mv g1 turret \\
}

\section{Set Local Working Units}

{\em \center units ab}

This command allows one to change the local or working units at ANY time.
The only allowable values for "ab" are "mm", "cm", "m", "in", or "ft".

Examples:
{\em
           units mm \\
           units in \\
}

\section{Group objects}

{\em \center g group obj1 obj2 ..... objn}

This command creates or appends to a combination record and
is used to group objects together either for editing or displaying
purposes.  In this case, "obj1" through "objn" are added as members
to the combination "group".  If "group" does not exist, it is
created and "obj1" through "objn" are added as members.
NOTE: no checking to see if "obji" is already a member of "group".

Examples:
{\em
            g shell hull turret \\
            g tank wheels engine crew shell \\
            g tank track \\
}

\section{Create Region}

{\em \center
r region op1 sol1 op2 sol2 .... opn soln
}

This command is used to create regions or append to regions.
If "region" exists, then solids "sol1" through "soln" are
added as members with "op1" through "opn" as the defining operations.
If "region" does not exist, then it is created and solids "sol1" through
"soln" are added as members with "op1" through "opn" as the
defining operations.  A region is merely a combination
record with a flag set and is distinguished from other combinations (groups)
since it has meaning to the COMGEOM solid modeling system.
Note that "+" or "u" must be the first operations in a region.

When a region is created, the item and air codes are set equal to default values.
If the "regdef" command has been used, then those values will be used,
otherwise the values "1000 0 100 1" will be used respectively.
To change
the item and air codes use the "item" command.
The "edcodes" command is probably the easiest and fastest way to change these
identifying codes.
Note:  In the past, all members of a region had to be solids, but
recently combinations have been allowed as members of regions.  Hence,
the names "soli" can also be combinations (groups) now.
Also, as in grouping, no checking for members already in a region.

Examples:
{\em
             r hulltop.r + hulltop.s -- hullleft.s -- hullright.s \\
             r gun + gun.s -- gunin.s \\
             r gunair + gunin.s \\
}

\section{Instance an object}

{\em \center
i object combname
}

This command is used to make an instance of an object.
An instance of an object is produced by creating a combination
and making the object a member.
In this case, an instance of "object" is made by
creating the combination record "combname" (if "combname" does not
already exist) and adding "object" as a member.
If "combname" already exists, then "object" is added as the next member.

An instance is used to refer to an object, without making actual copies
of the object.  Instances are useful when one is adding a certain
component to a target description many times.
Furthermore, any modifications to an object which has been instanced need only be
done in the original (prototype) object.
These modifications will then be automatically reflected in all the
instances of the object.

Examples:
{\em
                i heround he1 .he1. \\
                i heround he2 .he2. \\
                i heat heat1 .heat1. \\
                i heat heat2 .heat2. \\
}

\section{Change Title of Database}

{\em \center
title newtitle
}

This command allows one to change the title of the model database at any time.
The string "newtitle" will become the new title, and may contain blanks.
The title is limited to 72 characters including blanks.

Examples:
{\em
          title XM89A -- New version of tank \\
          title M345 (groups are m345 and m345a) \\
}

\section{Extrude}

{\em \center
extrude \#\#\#\# distance
}

This command allows the user to project
a face(\#\#\#\#) of an arb being edited a normal distance to create a new arb.
The value of "face" is 4 digits such as 1256. If the face is projected
in the wrong direction use a negative "distance".
One common use for this command is
for producing armor plates of a desired thickness.

Examples:
{\em
              extrude 1234 20 \\
              extrude 2367 34.75 \\
              extrude 2367 -34.75 \\
}

\section{Remove members from Combination}

{\em \center
rm comb mem1 mem2 .... memN
}

This command allows one to delete members from a combination (group or region) record.
In this case, members "mem1" through "memn" will be deleted from
the combination "comb".

Examples:
{\em
              rm tank hull wheels \\
              rm region1 solid8 solid112 \\
              rm turtop.r tursidel.s tursider.s  \\
}

\section{List Object Information}

{\em \center
l object
}

This command is used to list information about objects in the data file.
The information listed depends on what type of record "object" is.
If "object" is a combination record, then the members are listed.
If "object" is a solid record, then the MGED general solid type and
the parameters as presently in the data file are listed.
Note:  only the solid parameters as they exist in the solid record are
listed, no transformation matrix is applied.
Hence, if the solid was edited as a member of a combination, the "l"
command will not reflect the editing in the listed parameters.
To produce this type of listing, see the "listeval" command.

Examples:
{\em
               l hull \\
               l turret \\
               l turtop.s \\
               l arb8 \\
}

\section{Analyze Solid}

{\em \center
analyze solid
}

This command produces information about a solid (all except ARS).
The information includes surface area(s) and volume.
Also, in the case of ARBs, edge lengths and rot and fallback angles
and plane equations are given for each face.
If "solid" is present that solid name will be used and analyzed.
If "solid" is absent, the solid at the bottom of the present path
being edited will be analyzed.

\section{Mirror Object}

{\em \center
mirror oldobj newobj axis
}

This command is used to create a new object which is
the mirror image of an existing object about an axis.
The object may be either a solid or a combination.
In this case, a mirror image of the object "oldobj" will created
about the axis indicated by "axis" and the new object record will
be called "newobj".
The only acceptable values for the parameter "axis" are "x", "y", and "z".

Examples:
{\em
              mirror tur.left.s tur.right.s y
              mirror tur.top.s tur.bot.s z
              mirror tur.front.s tur.back.s x
              mirror lt\_gun rt\_gun y
}

\section{Create ARB8}

{\em \center
arb name rot fb
}

This command allows one to create an arb8
with the desired rotation and fallback angles.
In this case, an arb8 with the name of "name" will be created with the desired
rotation angle of "rot" degrees and the fallback angle of "fb" degrees.

Examples:
{\em
           arb top1.s 0 90 \\
           arb sidelt.s 90 0 \\
           arb upglacis.s 0 60 \\
}

\section{Change Item (Ident) and Air codes of Region}

{\em \center
item region ident air
}

This command allows one to change the item or
air code numbers of a region.  If the air code ("air") is not included,
a zero is assumed.
To change the air code, a zero item code must be used (see second
example below).

Examples:
{\em
            item region1 105 \\
            item region7 0 2 \\
            item region11 129 0 \\
}

\section{Specify Material Properties}

{\em \center
mater comb [material]
}

This command is used to change the material properties specification for
a combination.

\section{Edit Combination Record Info}

{\em \center
edcomb comb regionflag regionid air los GIFTmater
}

This command is used to change the material and the los percent for
a region.

\section{Edit (Display) an object on the screen}

{\em \center
e obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command allows one to display objects on the screen.
In this case, "obj1" thru "objn" will be displayed on the screen.

\section{Evaluated Display of Object on the screen}

{\em \center
E obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command is the same as the "e" command, except the regions will
be evaluated before being displayed.

\section{Zap screen and Display Object}

{\em \center
B obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command is the same as the "e" command, except that the screen
is cleared (Zap) before the objects are displayed.

\section{Kill (delete) object from database}

{\em \center
kill obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command allows one to remove objects from the file itself.
Only the object records themselves are removed, any references made
to these objects still will exist.
To remove the references also, see the "killall" command.

\section{List Table of Contents}

{\em \center
t obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This is the table of contents command.  If arguments are present, a list
of all objects in the file matching these names will be printed.
If there are no arguments, then a listing of all objects will be printed.

\section{List Tree Tops}

{\em \center
tops
}

This command will search the target file hierarchy, and list all "top level"
objects (objects which are not members of any other object).
This command is useful to make sure objects have been grouped properly.

\section{Make prototypical solid}

{\em \center
make name type
}

This command will create a solid of a specified type.
This solid will be named "name" and the solid type will be "type".
The acceptable types are: arb8, arb7, arb6, arb5, arb4, tor, tgc, tec,
rec, trc, rcc, ellg, ell, sph.
This new solid will be drawn at the center of the screen.
This command should be used to create
solids for editing.

\section{Mirror ARB Face}

{\em \center
mirface \#\#\#\# axis
}

This command allows one to mirror a face of an edited arb about an axis.
This command is quite useful for adding air to a "symmetric" target.

\section{Print Summary of Objects}

{\em \center
summary s|r|g
}

This command will produce a summary of objects in the target file.
If the options s, r, or g are entered a listing of the solids, regions,
or groups will also be presented.

\section{Specify Numeric Parameter(s)}

{\em \center
p dx [dy dz]
}

This is the parameter modification command and is used during solid
editing to make precise changes.
The actual meaning of the values typed after the "p", depend on what
editing option is being performed.
If one were translating a solid, then the values would be the x,y,z
coordinates of the vertex of the solid.

\section{Release Current Display}

{\em \center
release
}
This command releases the current display device,
and attaches the null device.

\section{Attach to Display Device}

{\em \center
attach device
}

This command allows one to attach a display device (the present display device
is released first).
The present acceptable values for "device" are vg, mg, tek, rat, plot, tek4109, ir, sgi, and nu.
The "plot" device will produce a UNIX-plot of the present view (including the
faceplate) on a display device using a specific filter.
You will be asked which filter to use.
Sample filters include "tplot" and "plot-fb".

\section{Numeric Object Rotation Edit}

{\em \center
rotobj xdeg ydeg zdeg
}

This command allows one to make precise rotations of an object during
object editing.
MGED must be in the "object edit" state for this command to have effect.
If "object rotation" is not in effect, MGED will select this option for you
and perform the rotation.
The object will be rotated "xdeg" about the x-axis, "ydeg" about the
y-axis, and "zdeg" about the z-axis.
The rotation is "absolute"....the total rotation since the beginning
of object editing will be equal to the input values.
The rotation is done about the "KEY" point for the object being edited.

\section{Scale Edited Object}

{\em \center
scale xxx.xx
}

This command allows one to make precise scaling changes to an object
during object editing.
MGED must be in the "object edit" state for this command to have effect.
If one of the object scale options is not in effect, the "global scale"
options will be selected.
The object will be scaled by a TOTAL amount equal to the input value.
If one of the local scale options is in effect, the object will be
scaled in the selected axis direction by an amount equal to the input value.
The scaling is done about the "KEY" point of the object being edited.

\section{Translate Edited Object}

{\em \center
translate xxx.xx yyy.yy zzz.zz
}

This command allows one to make precise translation changes to an object
during object editing.
MGED must be in the "object edit" state for this command to have effect.
If the object translation option is not in effect, this option will be
selected and the translation performed.
The "KEY" point of the object being edited will move to the input coordinates.

\section{Fix Broken Hardware (sometimes)}

{\em \center
fix
}

This command will "fix" (restart) the display device after a hardware error.

\section{Ray-Trace Current View}

{\em \center
rt [-s\#]
}

This command will run the {\bf rt}(1) program
to produce a color shaded image of objects on the currently
selected framebuffer.
The resolution of the image (number of rays) is equal to "\#" from the "-s"
(square view resolution) option.
If the -s option is absent, 50x50 ray resolution will be used.

\section{Emulate Knob Twist}

{\em \center
knob id value
}

This command is used to emulate a "knob twist".
Generally this command is used for display devices which have no actual
knob peripherals (e.g. tek).
Any non-zero number entered for "value" is converted to 1 (if "value" is
greater than zero) or is converted to -1 (if "value is less than zero).
The user must enter the same command with "value" equal to zero to
stop the action invoked by the knob twist.

The "id" defines which knob is to be "twisted":

\begin{tabular}{rl}
	x	& rotates about x-axis \\
	y	& rotates about y-axis \\
	z	& rotates about z-axis \\
	X	& slew view in x direction \\
	Y	& slew view in y direction \\
	Z	& zoom the view \\
\end{tabular}

Examples:
{\em
       knob x 1 \\
       knob x 0 \\
       knob Z -1 \\
       knob Z 0 \\
}

\section{Solid\_Edit Named Solid}

{\em\center
sed name
}

This command allows one to immediately enter the solid edit mode
with the solid "name" as the edited solid.
Note that the solid must be displayed but not multiply referenced.

\section{Illuminate Named Object}

{\em\center
ill name
}

This command is used to illuminate an object ... a path containing this
object ("name") will be illuminated.
This command is primarily used with display devices which do not have
a tablet to pick objects for editing.

\section{Rotate the View}

{\em\center
vrot xdeg ydeg zdeg
}

This command rotates the VIEW "xdeg" degrees about the screen x-axis,
"ydeg" degrees about the screen y-axis, and "zdeg" degrees about the
screen z-axis.

This command is useful when the precise rotation desired is known.
It is also useful when in a rotation edit mode, and the viewing
rotation needs to be changed, without affecting the current edit.

\section{Move Screen Center}

{\em\center
center xx.xx yy.yy zz.zz
}

This command moves the screen center to (xx.xx, yy.yy, zz.zz).
Using this command is one way of slewing the view.

\section{Set View Size}

{\em\center
size xx.xx
}

This command sets the view size to xx.xx and is one way of zooming
the display.
Making the view size smaller has the effect of zooming in on the view.

\section{Extended List of all Objects in Displaylist}

{\em\center
x
}

This command produces a list of all objects displayed, listing the center
of the object, its size, and if it is in the present view.
It is intended primarily for software debugging.

\section{Refresh Display}

{\em\center
refresh
}

This command will send a new display list to the display device.

\section{Print View Status}

{\em\center
status
}

This is a debug command which prints the status of the current view,
including all viewing and editing matrices.

\section{Simulate Button Press}

{\em\center
press button-label
}

This command allows one to emulate a button press and is generally used
on display devices which do not have actual button peripherals.
The following are the strings allowed for "button-label" and all produce
the indicated view on the device screen:
        top, bottom, right, left, front, rear, 90,90, 35,25

The following is a listing of the remaining acceptable strings for
"button-label" and the resulting action:

\begin{tabular}{rl}
       reset         & reset the view \\
       save          & save the present view \\
       restore       & restore the saved view \\
       adc           & display the angle-distance cursor \\
       oill          & begin object illumination (pick) \\
       sill          & begin solid illumination (pick) \\
       oscale        & object scale \\
       ox            & object translation in x direction only \\
       oy            & object translation in y direction only \\
       oxy           & object translation \\
       orot          & object rotation \\
       sedit         & put up solid parameter menu \\
       srot          & solid rotation \\
       sxy           & solid translation \\
       sscale        & solid scale \\
       accept        & accept editing done \\
       reject        & reject editing done \\
\end{tabular}

Examples:
{\em
         press 90,90 \\
         press front \\
         press oill \\
         press orot \\
         press reject \\
}

\section{Escape to the Shell}

{\em\center
%
}

This command allows one to escape to the shell to perform multiple commands
without having to terminate the current MGED session.
To return to mged, enter a control-d to the Shell.
Note that the "!" escape at the beginning of a line can be used
to send a single command to the shell.

\section{Get Short Help Listing}

{\em\center
?
}

This is the short form of the help command,
that lists the names of all MGED commands.

\section{Get Long Help Listing}

{\em\center
help
}

This is the long form of the help command,
that produces a listing of all the available commands and their
arguments, and a one sentence summary of the commands purpose.

\section{Exit (Quit) MGED}

{\em\center
q
}

Running the "q" command, or entering an End-Of-File (EOF) (typ. Control/D)
is the normal way of exiting MGED.

\section{Copy and Translate TGC}

{\em \center
cpi oldtgc newtgc
}

This command is a specialized copy command and is designed to be used when one
is "running wires" in a description.
The object being copied must a cylindrical solid (TGC).
The following occurs when cpi is used:  first the cylinder ("oldtgc") is
copied to "newtgc"; then "newtgc" is translated to the end of "oldtgc";
then "newtgc" is displayed; and finally, MGED is put in the SOLID EDIT state
with "newtgc" as the edited solid.

\section{Remove Object and All References}

{\em \center
killall obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command will accomplish two things:  first, the object[s] will be
removed from the data file just as in the "kill" command;  second, all
references to the object[s] will also be removed.

\section{Remove Complete Tree}

{\em \center
killtree obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command will remove from the file complete trees originating with
obj1, obj2, ..., objn.
Every object in the designated paths will be removed from the file, hence
CAUTION is urged.
Make sure that "killtree" is what you want to do.
Using the "paths" or "tree" command on an object before "killtree" will
show what objects will be killed.

\section{Add Color To Display}

{\em \center
color low high r g b string
}

This command allows one to make color assignments to a range of item codes.
The arguments "low" and "high" are the item ranges.
The arguments "r", "g", and "b" are the red, green, and blue values
respectively (the range of these numbers is generally 0-255).
The argument "string" is a string describing this class of items.
A blank is considered a terminator, so there can be no blanks in
this string.

\section{Edit Display Colors}

{\em \center
edcolor
}

This command allows one to edit the existing color assignments (table).
The changes are made using the user's "selected" text editor
found in environment variable EDITOR.
Note that this method of specifying object colors is obsolete,
and has been replaced by the {\em mater} command.

\section{Print Display Colors}

{\em \center
prcolor
}

This command prints the color assignments as they presently exist.

\section{Find Objects}

{\em \center
find obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command will find ALL references of obj1 obj2 ... objn in the file.

\section{Estimate Presented Area}

{\em \center
area [tolerance]
}

This command finds an estimate of the presented area of all E'd objects
in the present view from that aspect.
The argument "tolerance" is the tolerance for the endpoints of
line segments being "equal" and is optional.

\section{Produce UNIX Plot}

{\em \center
plot [-zclip] [-2d] [out-file] [| filter]
}

This command is used to produce a UNIX-plot hardcopy of the present view of
the 'geometry' on the display device.
The MGED faceplate will not be drawn.
Some useful examples are:

\begin{tabular}{rl}
plot-fb & LIBFB framebuffer (low res) \\
plot-fb -h & LIBFB framebuffer (high res) \\
tplot -Ti10 & Imagen laser printer \\
tplot -Tmeg & Megatek 7250 \\
tplot -T4014 & Tek4014 \\
tplot -Thpgl & HP7550A plotter
\end{tabular}

\section{Text Edit Solid Parameters}

{\em \center
ted
}

This command allows one to edit a solid's parameters using the text editor
defined by the user's path.
The solid being edited (solid edit mode) will be the one that will be
"text edited".

\section{Keyboard Input of Solid Parameters}

{\em \center
in name type {parameters}
}

This command allows one to enter a new solid directly via the keyboard.
The user will be prompted for any missing input and the solid will be
displayed on the screen.  WARNING: only minimal checking of parameters
is done.

\section{Change View Azimuth, Elevation}

{\em \center
ae az elev
}

This command sets the display viewing angles using the input azimuth (az)
and elevation (elev) angles.

\section{Define Region Identifiers}

{\em \center
regdef item [air los mat]
}

This command allows one to change the default codes which will be given
to the next region created.
If the "air" code is non-zero, then the "item" code will be set to zero.

\section{Change Edge Direction}

{\em \center
edgedir delta\_x delta\_y delta\_z
}

This command allows one to define the direction of an ARB edge being moved.
If only two arguments are input, the code assumes these to be the
rotation and fallback angles for the edge.
If three arguments are present, the code will use them as "deltas" to
define the direction of the edge.
Note that this command can be useful to find the intersection of
a line (edge) with planes (faces).

\section{Prefix Object Names}

{\em \center
prefix string obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command will prefix obj1, obj2, .... objn with "string".  All occurrences
of these names will be prefixed.  String matching is allowed for the objects
to prefix.

\section{Keep Objects in Another File}

{\em \center
keep file.g obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command allows one to keep the listed objects in the file "file.g".
This command is useful for pulling out parts of a description.

\section{List Object Hierarchy}

{\em \center
tree obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command will print the tree structure for the objects listed.

\section{Create Inside Solid}

{\em \center
inside
}

This command is used to define a solid (inside solid) such that when it is subtracted
from another certain solid (outside solid), the resulting region will have desired
thicknesses.
To invoke this option, enter "inside".
You will then be prompted for the required data.
If you are in the solid edit mode, the "outside solid" will default to the
solid presently being edited.
If you are in the object edit mode, the "outside solid" will default to the
"key solid" of the object path being edited.
If you are not in an edit mode, you will then be asked for the name of
the "outside solid".
Next, you will be asked what name you wish to call the new "inside solid"
to be calculated.
Finally, you will be asked to enter the thickness[es], depending on the
solid type.
The "inside solid" will then be displayed on the screen.
If the thickness values input are negative, then the thickness will be
directed to the "outside" of the solid.

\section{Produce ASCII Summary of Solids}

{\em \center
solids file obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command will produce an ascii summary of all solids involved with
objects obj1, obj2, ..., objn.  This summary will be written in 'file'.
In this file, all regions and solids are numbered and will match the
numbers of a COMGEOM deck produced by VDECK or GIFT if the objects are
entered in the same order.
The file 'file' will be overwritten if it already exists.
String matching is allowed for the objects.

\section{Produce ASCII Summary of Regions}

{\em \center
regions file obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command will produce an ascii summary table of all regions involved with
objects obj1, obj2,...,objn.
This summary table will be written in 'file'.
In this file, all regions and solids will be numbered and will match the numbers
of a COMGEOM description produced by VDECK or GIFT if the objects are entered
in the same order.
This file will be identical to the "solids" command except the actual
parameters are not listed.
The file 'file' will be overwritten if it already exists.
String matching is allowed for the object names.

\section{Produce ASCII Summary of Idents}

{\em \center
idents file obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command will produce an ascii summary table of all region idents involved with
objects obj1, obj2,...,objn.
This summary table will be written in 'file'.
In this file, all regions will be numbered and will match the region numbers
of a COMGEOM description produced by VDECK or GIFT if the objects are entered
in the same order.
At the end of this file will be the same region information, but ordered
by ident number.
The file 'file' will be overwritten if it already exists.
String matching is allowed for the object names.

\section{List Objects Paths}

{\em \center
paths
}

This command will print ALL paths matching an "input" path.
You will be asked to enter the path to match.
The path members are entered on ONE line, separated by spaces.
The input path need not be a complete path, but must contain at least one object.
All paths with the same first members as the input path will be listed.
This command is useful for finding complete paths which begin with certain objects.

\section{List Evaluated Path Solid}

{\em \center
listeval
}

This command will "evaluate" and list ALL paths matching an input path, including the
parameters of the solids at the bottom of each path.
These parameters will reflect any editing contained in the path listed.
You will be asked to enter the path to match.
The path members are entered on ONE line, separated by spaces.
The input path need not be a complete path, but must contain at least
one object.
Note that since the solid parameters are printed, this could be a
rather lengthy listing depending on the completeness of the input path.

\section{Evaluate Path and Copy Solid}

{\em \center
copyeval
}

This command allows one to copy an "evaluated solid", that is a complete path
ending in a solid.
You will be asked to enter a complete path.
Again, this path is entered on ONE line with the members separated by spaces.
If you do not know the complete path, use the "paths" command above to find it.
Next, you will be asked to enter the name of this copied solid.
The input path will be traversed and the accumulated path transformations will
be applied to the parameters of the bottom solid.
These new parameters will then be the copied solid.
Note:  this command is useful for making "dummy solids" to subtract for
overlaps between objects which have been "object" edited.

\section{Edit Objects Region Identifiers}

{\em \center
edcodes obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command provides for an easy way to modify the code numbers (item, air, material, and los)
of ALL regions found in paths beginning with an object.
For each object, all paths beginning with that object are traversed until a region
is encountered...at which time the following is listed:

item  air  mat  los      /obj1/.../region.n

The cursor then jumps back to "item" at the beginning of the line.
At this time the cursor can be advanced only by entering a new item code
(only digits are allowed) or by hitting the "space bar" or "tab key".
The space and tab will move the cursor to the next position in the line.
Pressing the "backspace key" will move the cursor to the beginning of
the next location to the left.
Moving the cursor "past" the los location
will return it to the beginning of the line.
When the code numbers are as you desire,
a RETURN will print the next line
for editing.
At any time, pressing the "R" key will restore the idents on the current
line to the way they were originally.
A Control/C or a "q" will abort the process at the current line.
String matching is allowed for the object names.

\section{List Object As Stored}

{\em \center
tab obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command will produce a listing of objects as they are stored in
the MGED object data file.
String matching is allowed for the objects.

\section{List Regions With Given Ident}

{\em \center
whichid item1 item2 ... itemn
}

This command will list ALL regions in the data file which have certain
item codes.

\section{Create ARB Given 3 Points}

{\em \center
3ptarb
}

This command will produce a "plate mode" arb8 given 3 points on one face, 2 coordinates
of the 4th point on that face, and a thickness.
The 3rd coordinate of the 4th point will be solved for and the "other" face
will be a normal distance (== the desired thickness) away.
You will be asked for all necessary input.

\section{Create ARB Given Point and Angles}

{\em \center
rfarb
}

This command will produce a "plate mode" arb8 given a point on one face,
rotation and fallback angles for that face, 2 coordinates of the 3
remaining points on that face, and a thickness.
The 3rd coordinates of the three points will be solved for, and the other
face will be a normal distance equal to "thickness" away.
You will be asked for all necessary input.

\section{Push Editing Down Paths}

{\em \center
push obj1 obj2 ... objn
}

This command will "push" an object's path transformations to the solid's parameters
located at the bottom of each path.
If a conflict is encountered, then an error message is printed and NOTHING is done.
A conflict occurs when the same solid "ends" different paths but the transformations
are different.
Conflicts could occur when "instanced" or "copied" groups occur in an object's
paths or when a solid is a member of 2 regions which have been edited separately.
A complication of this command, which will not be listed as a conflict, is when a solid's parameters have been
changed by a push, yet this solid is referenced by another object which was NOT
included in the push.
The user should beware of this situation.
This command can be very useful when "adding" parts from another file.
Once the "object editing" of these new parts is completed, the push command
will put the editing done to the solid level.
Since the added parts should have no cross-references with the existing
objects, there should be no problems.

\section{Check For Duplicate Names}

{\em \center
dup file.g {string}
}

This command will compare the current object data file with another
MGED file "file.g" and list any object names common to both files.
If "string" is present, all object names in "file.g" will be prefixed with
"string" before comparing for duplicate names.
Generally, one uses "string" only when duplicate names are found without it.

\section{Concat Files}

{\em \center
concat file.g {string}
}

This command will concatenate another MGED file "file.g" onto the present
object data file.
If "string" is present, all names in "file.g" will be prefixed with this
string.
No objects from "file.g" will be added if the name already occurs in the
current object file...the object names will be listed and skipped.
However, this command should be used in conjunction with the "dup" command to
eliminate any problems with duplicate names.

\section{Create Pseudo-Track}

{\em \center
track
}

This command adds track components to the data file to fit specified
"wheel" data.
Solids, regions, and a group containing the regions will be created and
displayed on the screen.
You will be prompted for all required data.

\section{Define ARB Face}

{\em \center
facedef \#\#\#\#
}

This command is used to define the face plane of an ARB that is being edited.
The following is the option menu displayed when this command is used:
        a     planar equation
        b     3 points
        c     rot and fb angles + fixed point
        d     same plane thru fixed point
        q     quit
To select any of these methods of defining a plane, enter the appropriate
letter.  You will then be asked for the desired input.

\section{Define Plane Equation of ARB Face}

{\em \center
eqn [A B C]
}

This command is used when one is rotating the face of an edited ARB and defines
the coefficients of the face planar equation (Ax + By + Cz).

\section{Move (Rename) Everywhere}

{\em \center
mvall old new
}

This command is used to rename all occurrences of an object in the data file.  In this
case, the object "old" will be renamed "new" for every occurrence.

\section{Miscellaneous Commands}

It is possible to view, specify, and text-edit
information pertaining to the material type and color of various
parts of the model tree.  This is an interim capability
intended to provide enough material properties information for
current rendering and analysis purposes until the design of a
full material properties database can be finalized.

In addition to a variety of usual database manipulation
and status commands, there are commands to
compare the current database for name overlap (conflicts)
with another database, as well as commands to import and export
subtrees to/from the current database.
If name conflicts between the two databases
do exist, there are commands to rename an individual node without
changing any of the references to it (``mv''), or to rename
a node and change all the references to it (``mvall'').
Another command which is useful for preparing to move subtrees between
databases is the ``push'' command,
which adjusts the transformation matrices from the indicated point
down to the leaves of the directed acyclic graph, leaving the higher
level arcs with identity matrices.

\section{UNIX-Plot Output}

The ``plot'' command can store an exact image of the current
(non-faceplate) display on the screen, either using the
System V standard 2-D monochrome UNIX-Plot ({\em plot(4)}) format,
or the BRL 3-D color extended-UNIX-Plot format.
These plots can be sent to a disk file,
or ``piped'' directly to a filter process.
This can be useful for making hard copies of the current MGED view
for showing to others,
using a local pen plotter or laser printer.

\section{Ray-Tracing the Current View}

An important capability even beyond the ability to generate an
evaluated boundary wireframe is the ability of MGED to initiate a
quick ray-trace rendering of the current view on any nearby framebuffer!
This is implemented by using the MGED ``rt'' command to fork off
an instance of the RT program, and sending the RT program
a description of the current view
with any user-specified options.
This allows the designer to
use the power of MGED to select the desired view, and then to
quickly verify the geometry and light source placement.
A 50 by 50 pixel rendering of the current view can usually be done
in less than a minute (on a DEC VAX-780 class processor), and allows
for general verification before the designer uses the ``saveview''
command to submit a batch job for a high resolution ray-trace of
the same view.

\section{Animation}

The MGED editor includes a number of features which are useful
for developing animation tools and scripts.
The full description of the current viewing transformation and eye position
can be saved in a file,
and such a previously saved view can be read back at any time,
immediately changing the editor's view.
In addition, the current viewing transformation and eye position can be
appended to a file containing a collection of keyframes.
Most importantly, a file full of keyframe information, either raw keyframe
positions or smoothly interpolated keyframe sequences, can
by ``played'' in real time using MGED,
providing a powerful and fast animation preview capability.

As a separate animation capability intended
for developing demonstrations and instructional material relating to the
use of the MGED editor,
all user interactions with the editor can be recorded in a file,
along with an indication of the time elapsed between user actions.
This file can be  adjusted using a normal text editor to remove any errors,
or to eliminate dead time where the user stopped to think.
Once created, this session script can be replayed through the editor
at any time, either to provide a smooth ``canned'' demonstration
before a live audience, or to create a film or videotape.