EBOLA new published papers

[Ali Karami]

  93122351
Authors
  Peters CJ.  Jahrling PB.  Ksiazek TG.  Johnson ED.  Lupton HW.
Institution
  Disease Assessment Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of
  Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701-5011.
Title
  Filovirus contamination of cell cultures.
Source
  Developments in Biological Standardization.  76:267-74, 1992.
MeSH Subject Headings
  Animal
  Antibodies, Viral/bl [Blood]
  *Cells, Cultured/mi [Microbiology]
  Cercopithecus aethiops/mi [Microbiology]
  Filoviridae/im [Immunology]
  *Filoviridae/ip [Isolation & Purification]
  Filoviridae/py [Pathogenicity]
  Human
  Monkey Diseases/ep [Epidemiology]
  Monkey Diseases/mi [Microbiology]
  Virus Diseases/ep [Epidemiology]
  Virus Diseases/mi [Microbiology]
  Virus Diseases/ve [Veterinary]
Abstract
  The filoviruses Marburg and Ebola comprise a newly recognized family of
  viruses. The first filovirus to be isolated was Marburg virus in 1967.
  This virus was imported in shipments of African green monkeys from Uganda
  and infected several cell-culture technicians, with serious illness
  resulting. The rarity of Marburg and Ebola virus transmission, decreasing
  use of imported African monkeys, and quarantine efforts have presumably
  been responsible for the lack of additional episodes until 1989, when a
  new filovirus related to Ebola was isolated from quarantined monkeys in
  Reston, Virginia. This virus was imported on multiple occasions from a
  Philippine supplier of cynomolgus macaques as a consequence of an epidemic
  of acute infections in the foreign holding facility. While quarantine
  procedures prevented the use of any of these animals in research and the
  three human infections that occurred were asymptomatic, this episode
  emphasizes that these little understood viruses have considerable
  potential for mischief. The finding of antibodies reacting with Ebola
  viruses in many biomedically important Old World primates, including
  colonized monkeys in the U.S., emphasizes the need for more research to
  understand the specificity of the antibodies, spectrum of filovirus
  strains in nature, potential hosts, and true distribution of the family.
  The filoviruses grow well in primary and established cell strains and cell
  lines, and cytopathogenic effects may be absent or require several days to
  be manifest, leading to the possibility of occult contamination. The known
  viruses are readily detected by polyclonal and monoclonal antibody
  staining of cells and by electron microscopy; nucleic acid probes exist to
  develop more sensitive techniques if warranted.
Registry Numbers
  0 (Antibodies, Viral).

<2>
Unique Identifier
  92283988
Authors
  Geisbert TW.  Jahrling PB.  Hanes MA.  Zack PM.
Institution
  Disease Assessment Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of
  Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011.
Title
  Association of Ebola-related Reston virus particles and antigen with
  tissue lesions of monkeys imported to the United States.
Source
  Journal of Comparative Pathology.  106(2):137-52, 1992 Feb.
MeSH Subject Headings
  Animal
  *Filoviridae/ip [Isolation & Purification]
  Filoviridae/ph [Physiology]
  Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/mi [Microbiology]
  *Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/ve [Veterinary]
  *Macaca fascicularis/mi [Microbiology]
  Microscopy, Electron
  *Monkey Diseases/mi [Microbiology]
  Virus Cultivation
  Virus Replication
  Viscera/mi [Microbiology]
Abstract
  During 1989-1990, an epizootic involving a filovirus closely related to
  Ebola virus occurred in a Reston, Virginia, primate-holding facility.
  Tissues were collected from cynomolgus monkeys and examined by electron
  microscopy and immunohistochemistry for Ebola-related viral antigen. Viral
  replication was extensive in fixed tissue macrophages, interstitial
  fibroblasts of many organs, circulating macrophages and monocytes, and was
  observed less frequently in vascular endothelial cells, hepatocytes,
  adrenal cortical cells and renal tubular epithelium. Viral replication was
  observed infrequently in epithelial cells lining ducts or mucous
  membranes, intestinal epithelial cells, eosinophils and plasma cells.
  Replication of Reston virus in lymphocytes was never observed, in contrast
  to reports of lymphocytes of monkeys experimentally infected with the
  Ebola-Zaire virus. Free filoviral particles were seen in pulmonary alveoli
  and renal tubular lumina, which correlates with epidemiological evidence
  of droplet and fomite transmission. Viral infection of interstitial
  fibroblasts and macrophages caused multisystemic disruptive lesions
  involving connective tissue. Focal necrosis in organs where viral
  replication was minimal may have been secondary to ischaemia caused by
  fibrin deposition and occasional platelet-fibrin thrombi. Immunoelectron
  microscopy on sections of liver, differentiated viral tubular inclusion
  masses and precursor material from non-viral tubuloreticular inclusions.
  Immunohistochemistry showed that the distribution of viral antigen in
  affected tissue correlated well with ultrastructural localization of
  virions.

<3>
Unique Identifier
  92252743
Authors
  Becker S.  Feldmann H.  Will C.  Slenczka W.
Institution
  Institut fur Virologie, Philipps-Universitat, Marburg, Federal Republic of
  Germany.
Title
  Evidence for occurrence of filovirus antibodies in humans and imported
  monkeys: do subclinical filovirus infections occur worldwide?.
Source
  Medical Microbiology & Immunology.  181(1):43-55, 1992.
MeSH Subject Headings
  Animal
  *Antibodies, Viral/an [Analysis]
  Cercopithecus aethiops
  Comparative Study
  Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  *Filoviridae/im [Immunology]
  Fluorescent Antibody Technique
  Germany/ep [Epidemiology]
  Human
  Immunoblotting
  Macaca
  *Monkey Diseases/im [Immunology]
  Species Specificity
  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  Virus Diseases/ep [Epidemiology]
  *Virus Diseases/im [Immunology]
  *Virus Diseases/ve [Veterinary]
Abstract
  In the present serological study 120 monkey sera from different species
  originating from the Philippines, China, Uganda and undetermined sources
  and several groups of human sera comprising a total of 1288 specimens from
  people living in Germany were examined for the presence of antibodies
  directed against filoviruses (Marburg virus, strain Musoke/Ebola virus,
  subtype Zaire, strain Mayinga/Reston virus). Sera were screened using a
  filovirus-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  ELISA-positive sera were then confirmed by the indirect immunofluorescence
  technique, Western blot technique, and a blocking assay, and declared
  positive when at least one confirmation test was reactive. Altogether
  43.3% of the monkey sera and 6.9% of the human sera reacted positively
  with at least one of the three different filovirus antigens. The blocking
  assays show that antibodies, detected in the sera, are directed to
  specific filovirus antigens and not caused by antigenic cross-reactivity
  with hitherto unknown agents. Data presented in this report suggest that
  subclinical filovirus infections may also occur in humans and in subhuman
  primates. They further suggest that filoviruses are not restricted to the
  African continent.
Registry Numbers
  0 (Antibodies, Viral).