Elem Purdue Indiana Oxford York Stockholm Cambridge F&M CRC H 37 30 30 28 32 23 37 46 Li 123 68 157 152 Be 89 106 116 35 125 114 B 88 83 90 79 83 90 97 C 77 77 77 77 77 68 77 77 N 70 70 70 70 70 68 75 71 O 66 66 66 66 66 68 73 60 F 64 64 64 64 61 64 71 Na 157 97 191 186 Mg 136 110 160 160 Al 125 118 135 140 143 Si 117 109 117 117 109 120 118 117 P 110 109 110 110 110 105 110 109 S 104 105 104 104 104 102 102 106 Cl 99 99 99 100 99 99 107 [from Indiana] A.1 Carbon-based Covalent Radii A.1.1 Single bond radii (pm) Element H Radius* 29.9 Element Be B C N O F Radius 106 83.0 76.7 70.2 65.9 61.9 Source b a a a a a Element Al Si P(III) S(II) Cl Radius 118 109.0 108.8 105.2 102.3 Source b a a a a Element Ga Ge As(III) Se(II) Br Radius 125 122 119.6 120.3 119.9 Source b b a a a Element In Sn Sb(III) Te(II) I Radius 141 139 137 139.1 139.5 Source b b b a a * The quoted radius for H applies to the actual position of the H-nucleus, as determined by neutron diffraction. With X-ray diffraction, the observed position of the H-atom is the centre of gravity of its electron cloud, which lies about 10 pm closer to the attached atom. This gives an apparent H-atom radius close to 20 pm. Sources: * a: From tabulations and averages of C(sp3)-X distances in Allen, F.H., Kennard, O., Watson, D.G., Brammer, L., Orpen, A.G., & Taylor, R. (1987) J.Chem. Soc. Perkin II, p. S1, subtracting 76.7pm for the radius of carbon. * b: From individual CH3-X distances, again subtracting 76.7pm. A.1.2 Multiple bond radii (pm) Element C N O Single 76.7 70.2 65.9 Double 66.1 61.8 54.9 Triple 59.1 54.5 Source: * Allen et al. (1987), as section A.1.1 A.2 Van der Waals radii Element N O F Radius 155 152 147 Element Si P S Cl Radius 210 180 180 175 Element Ge As Se Br Radius 195 185 190 185 Element Sn Sb Te I Xe* Radius 210 205 206 198 200 Element Bi Radius 215